اصغر اصغرزاده

Unexpected natural disasters, such as earthquakes, require crisis management and quick, accurate decision-making. Pre-crisis preparedness is the key to success in this area. Public open spaces (urban parks), with easy access and suitable infrastructure, can serve as shelters and crisis management centers. This research aims to examine the design characteristics and physical elements of urban open spaces for pre-earthquake preparedness and crisis resilience, and to provide a comprehensive consensus on this topic.In this study, first, using a descriptive-exploratory method, documentary studies related to the subject were reviewed, and the relevant parameters were extracted. Then, these parameters were validated through quantitative survey research, by questioning and evaluating the opinions of Red Crescent specialists and urban landscape   architects. The evaluation results of eight general categories of questionnaire parameters, including vegetation cover, dimensions and capacity, location and external access, signs and internal pathways, safety and security, environmental comfort, infrastructure and facilities, and education and preparation for crisis times, were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The effectiveness of the extracted parameters for the resilience of urban open spaces against earthquakes was confirmed. Based on the findings, the components of design and equipment for these spaces were categorized into four groups: signs and pathways, safety and comfort, infrastructure, and vegetation cover. Additionally, the role of education and preparedness of local managers and people for better utilization of these spaces was emphasized. The results also showed that designing and equipping urban open spaces as effective shelters during earthquake crises, along with  proper management and raising awareness in the community about the function of these spaces, not only increases the city's resilience but also strengthens the culture of citizens' flexibility in facing crises.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is recognized as one of the key factors in the sustainable development of societies. This concept, particularly in governmental and security institutions such as the military, plays a crucial role in balancing the needs of society, national interests, and the protection of resources. However, its full and effective implementation still requires further attention and analysis in many cases. This research aims to provide a paradigmatic model for explaining the social responsibilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army and enhancing its commitment to society. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach was employed, including in-depth interviews with experts in military, security, and strategic fields of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army. In total, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine experts. These interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, meaning no new information was provided and a complete understanding of the topic was achieved. The validity of the interview questions was confirmed using content analysis, and reliability was established through the test-retest method (0.76). For data analysis, the MAXQDA 2020 software, designed for grounded theory, was used. The model, developed through open, axial, and selective coding, consists of five dimensions: causal conditions, contextual conditions, strategies, intervening conditions, and outcomes, encompassing 26 main categories and 115 sub-categories.

Education is the most important measure of development, and in most educational systems, it has become one of the basic concepts in macro policies, and improving the quality of education is the most important task of any organization.

This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its practical purpose and method, in such a way that each of the experts gave a personal interpretation of the real experience during the interview, and by coding those indicators, they were counted, and then the results obtained were compiled in the form of a questionnaire. And the paths were analyzed with variance-based software.

Optimizing the role of educator in promoting the unit training of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army was classified in 4 dimensions: 1. educational records, 2. research activities, 3. educational activities, and 4. motivational factor.

The results of the findings, the qualitative part in the form of reflecting assumptions and in the Smart pls software, after confirming the validity and reliability of the internal and external model, were quantitatively tested in the community, and the findings of the path test also showed that educational records with a path coefficient of 0.762, research activities With a path coefficient of 0.800, educational activities with a path coefficient of 0.784 and a motivational factor with a path coefficient of 0.936 affect the optimization of educator role in promoting the unit training of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

The annual crisis of natural disasters affects the lives of many people and causes social and economic losses. In many countries, the armed forces are used to help in this type of crisis. As one of the most disaster-prone countries, Japan has had many experiences in the field of natural disaster crisis management, and the country's army has taken significant measures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the actions of the Japanese army in natural disaster crisis management and its lessons for Iran. The present article is a systematic review study using a systematic search in databases, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor & Francis and Google Scholar with the keywords " Natural disaster ", " Disaster management", " Japanese Self Defense Force " , " Civil military cooperation ", "Emergency response" in the time period of 2008 to 2024 AD, and the sources mentioned in these related articles were also reviewed.: The review of different studies showed that the Japanese army performs many actions before, during and after the crisis of natural disasters. Coding was done in the articles and the central codes and categories were counted. Conclusion Among the listed categories are rescuing and relieving residents, dispatching doctors, nurses, medical technicians, dispatching personnel, providing drinking water and food, logistics measures and cargo of materials, providing transportation, civil services, cooperation with other organizations and training. . Islamic Republic Of Iran can identify such capacities and use them before, during and after the crisis of natural disasters.

Human resources is no longer a simple and traditional concept as in the past, and these days we are on the threshold of a great transformation, the engine of which is digital technologies. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of achieving human resource management scenarios in the fifth industrial revolution.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature and descriptive method. The purposeful research sampling method includes 9 researchers and university professors in this field. The method of collection and analysis, the researcher first reviewed the literature on human resources management in the fifth industrial revolution and then expert panels were used in the MICMAC software for its analysis.

The obtained scenarios included wild geese, (small) sinister owl, turtle and dolphin in a cage. In the first scenario, "wild geese", HR is smart and the organization is also smart. In the first scenario, the "evil owl" is traditional HR but a smart organization. In the third scenario, "turtle", human resources are traditional and the organization is also traditional. In the fourth scenario, the "dolphin in the cage", HR is smart but the organization is traditional.

Based on the findings, the scenario of the miraculous wild geese and the scenario of the dolphin in the cage are disastrous for the possible future of organizations in the fifth industrial revolution, and every organization should examine its current situation in the four extracted scenarios to face the fifth industrial revolution and make the necessary preparations for to face it.

Today's organizations should restructure and process, regulate relationships and use their human resources optimally, which is better called human capital. Human resource accounting is the process of identifying and measuring data related to human resources and presenting its report to the organization's stakeholders. This research was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining the human resources accounting model with the foundation's data approach in the country's defense organizations. This research was conducted with a qualitative-inductive approach and by the Strauss-Corbin grounded theory method. The research tool (data collection) was a semi-structured interview. Using the grounded theory method, the data obtained from the interviews conducted with 13 elites and experts in the field of human and financial resources in the country's defense organizations were analyzed during three stages of open, central and selective coding. 17 general categories in the form of a paradigm model where these factors include causal conditions (new developments in the concept of value; intra-systemic challenges in the defense organization; extra-systemic challenges in the defense organization), central phenomenon (human resource accounting model in defense organizations) background conditions (requirements of the defense organization and management; surrounding environment; knowledge and accounting method of human resources of the defense organization; situation within the defense organization), intervening conditions (defense management limitations; costing and valuation; perceptual challenges; information), strategies (improvement and development; creativity; strategic thinking in the defense organization) and consequences (long term, short term).

The purpose of this research is to determine the factors affecting the media literacy of students of officer universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This research is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its practical purpose, and the factors affecting media literacy were calculated by interviewing 8 media experts in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

Factors affecting media literacy in 2 dimensions, content production with components: 1. Official content, 2. Informal content and the second dimension, content consumption, with 1. Media knowledge, 2. Critical thinking and 3. Encounter with the media. were categorized

The results of the findings of the qualitative part were presented in the form of reflecting assumptions and in the Smart pls software, after confirming the validity and reliability of the internal and external model in the community, they were tested quantitatively, and the findings of the path test also showed that the official content with a path coefficient of 0.830, Informal content with a path coefficient of 0.772, media knowledge with a path coefficient of 0.786, critical thinking with a path coefficient of 0.864, and exposure to media with a path coefficient of 0.830 affect the media literacy of students of officer universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Today, territorial borders are one of the most important national and international issues. Therefore, it will not be wrong if we consider the defense of national and territorial borders as the most important duty of the military forces of any country.  On the other hand, the Supreme Leader of the Revolution , in the gathering of the army commanders on 28/01/2018, pointed out that the armed forces in the Islamic Republic are safe fences for the nation, which are a shield against the enemy's attack and force it to fight. They retreat. The basis of this research was created after the American Global Hawk spy drone over the territorial waters of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its destruction. Therefore, in this research, we first explained the components and collected research information by creating sources, and then the methodology of the research was explained based on the discussed paradigm, that the dimensions and characteristics of the open coding documents were classified and interpreted, and then The qualitative data analysis process in the form of the Strauss and Corbin (1994) school, based on the central and selective coding of the analysis and the results of the qualitative part of the research were reflected in the presentation of the model. Finally, SmartPLS statistical software was used to model structural equations and the research findings showed that military reflection with a path coefficient of 0.814, political reflection with a path coefficient of 0.931, and social reflection with a path coefficient of 0.880 were able to reflect. Explain the global destruction of the American Global Hawk spy drone.

Nowadays the war has reached a stage where it is referred to as an unequal war and the strategy of playing with war has been placed on the agenda of the military forces of the countries. On the other hand, the supreme leader of the revolution, at the Imam Hossein Guards Training and Officer Training University on May 23,2016, referring to the importance of unequal war, considered one of the dimensions of victory in it to bring the country's existing talents to the stage, and this issue is in the relief sector. We need to find a solution for the agility of military hospitals. Therefore, this research was done with the aim of presenting a strategic model of military hospitals' agility in defense crises.Based on the research strategy, we first explained the components and collected the research information by creating sources, and then the research methodology was evaluated and explained based on the discussed paradigm that the dimensions and characteristics of documents in the role of demographic variables from open coding, classified and interpreted, and then the process of qualitative data analysis in the form of the Strauss and Corbin (1994) school, based on the central and selective coding of the analysis and the results of the qualitative research in. Finally, AMOS statistical software was used to model the structural equations and the findings of the research showed that mobile factors with a path coefficient of 0.45, time management with a path coefficient of 0.54, and creating capabilities with a path coefficient of 0.64 were able to be The dimensions of military hospitals in the occurrence of defense crises, explain the role of agility.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified nurses as the key to health success and has thus called for improving the nursing workforce to promote overall health around the world.

This study was conducted to investigate the empowering factors in the nursing profession.

The present study was based on a qualitative-quantitative mixed-methods approach that started in 2019 and ended in 2022. The statistical sample included the Nursing faculty professors of Aja University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran, n=12 experts) and Khanevadeh hospital (Tehran, Iran) nurses (n=143). Data collected from experts were studied through purposeful sampling and in-depth interviews. They were collected, recorded, and coded according to the systematic analysis of qualitative data proposed by Corbin and Strauss using the MAXQDA 2018 software, and categorized in the form of central codes. Additionally, the quality of the text of the interviews, as well as the codes, was reviewed and approved by a team of nursing experts who were well-known researchers in the field of qualitative research. The hypotheses in the quantitative phase reflected the model obtained from the results of the qualitative part. After confirming the validity and reliability of the internal and external model in the community, they were quantitatively tested, and path analysis was performed in the Smart pls software.

The findings of open, axial, and survey coding showed that the axial code had underlying factors of 7 categories, structural factors of 5 categories, and behavioral factors of 7 categories. The findings of path analysis revealed that the underlying factors with a path coefficient of 0.743 and the structural factor with a path coefficient of 0.850 affected the individual factor.

The findings of the present study are in line with previous research findings considering the nursing profession empowerment and were confirmed as empowering factors in the nursing profession. In this regard, suggestions were proposed to policymakers, as well as the managers of the health system, and nurses.

Due to the importance of health centers and health management in the context of threats and crises, enemies target these centers to disrupt a country. Therefore, the present study identifies passive defense challenges in hospital environment and combat conditions.

The type of research is applied in terms of the purpose and nature of the problem under study, and descriptive-survey in terms of research method. The statistical population of the study is Experts in Passive Defense and Crisis Management in Northwest Military Hospitals in 2020. Sampling was done using Cochran table by stratified random sampling and 128 questionnaires were sent to the statistical sample.

According to Jafarizadeh and Hamzeh (2018), 13 indices of passive defense related infrastructure factors in hospital environment and combat conditions were calculated.

Categories, alarm and alert systems, intimidation systems, emergency preparedness equipment, emergency evacuation and resettlement equipment, emergency medical and emergency equipment, underground and semi-landfill infrastructure facilities, fixed defenses, and training areas; In the current situation they are lower than the average criterion and in the desired condition they are higher than the average criterion. Also, camouflage items, geographic information systems, emergency field strengths, research, and specialized training and exercises are above average in the status quo.

Nurses play a key role in the quality of care and health promotion and are a major source of work for the hospital. Therefore, in this study different processes and proponents of human resource empowerment in nursing profession are discussed.

The present study was a qualitative research using the content analysis method in 2019. The statistical population consisted of professors of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, 17 participants were studied through purposeful sampling and in-depth interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded using MAXQDA software and categorized into axial codes.

Findings from coding, open, central and survey showed that empowerment of human resources in the nursing profession was obtained from structural, contextual and behavioral factors during content analysis.

During the Delphi meeting with experts, structural and contextual factors were identified as drivers of behavioral empowerment in the nursing profession.