اعظم صنعت جو

 Given the importance of distance education, academic libraries must be prepared to support distance education services and use codified standards and criteria to evaluate their performance and improve their services. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the degree of compliance with the standards for distance education services provided by university libraries in Iran based on the standards of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). This study was a survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was the managers of the libraries of Iranian comprehensive universities listed in the ranking system of universities and research institutes in Iran (2021-2022). Using the Cochran formula and simple random sampling method, the sample size of the study was calculated to be 63 libraries, of which 60 questionnaires (equivalent to 95% of the sample size) were collected after distributing the questionnaires (electronic and printed) and were used as the basis for calculation and analysis. Data collection was carried out using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the components mentioned in the distance education services standard of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) (organizational, library, and specific requirements). The validity of the research tool was also confirmed by the experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.  The findings showed that the status of providing distance education services by Iranian university libraries based on the standards of the Association of College and Research Libraries is at an average level in terms of organizational requirements. Also, according to library requirements, the service "periodic evaluation of the library's distance education services" is not complied with, and other services are also at an average level in this dimension. In the component of specific requirements, findings showed that the standards related to the sub-components of "financial responsibilities", "staff", "management", and "facilities and equipment" are at an average level, and the standards of the sub-components of "services", "resources", and "documentation" are complied with. In this regard, in the sub-component of facilities and equipment, only the standard of "the possibility of sending library resources by mail to international students" is not complied with in Iranian university libraries, but standards of the documentation component are complied with in all cases in Iranian university libraries. If university libraries in Iran go to be successful in providing distance education services and take fundamental steps, they must, in addition to addressing the existing deficiencies, take action to develop a comprehensive plan for providing and upgrading the level of their distance education services. Following a standard in this path can act as a roadmap and provide a framework for these services to the managers of university libraries in Iran. Also, libraries should take necessary steps to prioritize distance education services in their programs and include attention to this type of service in the library's goals and missions.

The research aim is identifying criteria for determining and evaluating scientific articles subject terms from pragmatic perspective. From pragmatic perspective, it seems the correctness of scientific articles subject terms depends on having functions including representationality and  usefulness, simultaneously. One of the criteria for evaluating the functions of articles subject terms is users’ language. To evaluate the functions of scientific articles subject terms by users’ language we need to identify common points among users’ language and relevant articles to their information needs. This research has done by decompositional analysis. These common points were identified according to user’s roles in information searching and using (user as searcher; user as citer; user as tagger). These common points are: a) All search terms that a certain article could response to them; b) Common terms between cited and citing articles that are available in the semantic sources of citing articles; c) Terms that are available in the semantic sources of article and used by citer in citation context; d) Tags dedicated to scientific articles by users through social tagging websites. This research concludes although each of user’s linguistic traces (user as searcher; user as citer; user as tagger) in the route of attaining articles relevant to her/his information need having possibility to be considered as a subject access points for those articles, but from the perspective of information use as information production faces challenges.

This study aimed to identify the amount of public libraries use by young people and the most important barriers facing them to use public libraries in the city of Mashhad.

The current research is applied in the objective, functional and analytical approach and survey method was used. The statistical population of the current research was selected from among the young people working in the government offices of Mashhad who had at least a bachelor's degree. To select Mashhad offices, a list of these offices was prepared and among them, 10 offices through systematic random were selected. According to the sample size (n = 170), 17 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of each of the 10 offices by simple sampling method and were used in the analysis. The face validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by the faculty members. In order to analyze the data, first, a brief description of the demographic characteristics of the study population including gender, age and level of education was provided. By using descriptive statistics indicators (prevalence, percentage, mean, standard deviation and variance) and chi-square test and t-test of a sample, the data and answers given to the questionnaire were described and analyzed, and the research questions and hypotheses were answered based on this. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha was 0.78, which indicates good reliability.  

The results of the research showed that educated young people in the city of Mashhad offices in both sexes and in different educational levels in the use of public libraries were homogeneous. In the present study, a small percentage (%32.9) of the respondents were members of the public library, and only a small percentage (%36.35) of them used the public library. The study showed that young people are, on average, tend to use public libraries and from their point of view, to use of public libraries, to a small extent, is essential. Among the inhibiting factors in the use of public libraries, with the library method, the most important inhibiting factors were identified in the category of other factors (%28.27), which were: the weakness of the prevailing culture in the society in terms of emphasis on reading books, lack of encouragement of mass media to study, lack of encouragement of family (parents) and friends to read books and financial and expensive issues (family economic problems) and the least inhibiting factor was related to library staff (%7.68). In general, the most important factors preventing the use of public libraries are: the dominance of visual and audio media, obtaining information from channels other than libraries, lack of time or opportunity to study, libraries not being open at the required hours, low advertising to attract young people. to study and libraries, the location of libraries being far from the place of residence, the lack of organized public libraries in the city (lack of public libraries in the workplace and living), the lack of up-to-date library resources, the lack of required books, the lack of specialized, experienced and Experienced in guiding people and lack of efficiency of some existing staff, lack of public library space and busyness.

Due to the dominance of visual and audio media, obtaining information from channels other than libraries, the location of libraries being far from the place of residence, the lack of up-to-date library resources and the lack of specialized, experienced and experienced human resources to guide people, as the most important inhibiting factors. The use of public libraries by young people is suggested to solve these problems: placing the full text of some needed resources such as: books and articles on the library website, using virtual space facilities such as: Viber, Line, Telegram, and… to inform about news. and library services to people, increasing the quantity and quality of library resources according to people's needs and the good manners of librarians and library officials and proper treatment with patrons, which can help solve problems and make more use of public libraries by young people. Originality/value:By identifying the factors preventing young people from using public libraries, it is possible to identify and prioritize the most important implementation solutions and help the authorities and those involved to adopt the appropriate strategies, which can ultimately provide the growth and development and physical and mental health of the youth.

The purpose of the current study is to create and validate the information literacy experience questionnaire in the workplace with an emphasis on activity theory.

This study is a functional approach and a survey method was used. The current research is quantitative research that was conducted with the tool design approach. In this research, to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, the stratified random sample method of 86 employees of different educational groups of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad In 2020-2021 was used. Also, questionnaire construction methods such as content and face validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to check to construct validity. To check internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. In this research, smart pls and SPSS statistical software were used to analyze the data.

The content and face validity index of the scale obtained the desired value. Also, the value of statistics in all cases is greater than 1.96, and in the factor loading, all factors were confirmed with a suitable level of explanation in the factor analysis (greater than 0.4). Cronbach's alpha for all factors was an acceptable value of 0.7 to 0.9.  

The results indicate the influence of information literacy experience factors according to activity theory. The scale designed to study the experience of information literacy in the workplace according to the factors of activity theory is considered appropriate. It is recommended to measure the new concept of information literacy, that is, the experience of information literacy that deals with activity theory.

The Documentation Movement was formed in Europe in the late nineteenth century by leadership of Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine, with the primary goal of establishing international mechanisms for organizing information and knowledge through which all kinds of documents could be collected, organized, and accessible. One of the characteristics of this historical event was the increasingly theoretical treatment of the concept of document as a discourse concept in the field of information. This approach is being revived in recent years under the name of neo-documentation.The purpose of this work is to analyze the conceptual dimensions of "document" from the perspective of the documentation literature and especially neo-documentation. In the field of documentaion literature, the theories of Paul Otlet and Suzanne Briet are emphasized, and in the field of neo-documentation literature, the theories of Lund, Buckland, Irvine-Smith, and Hjorland are emphasized. The research is pure basic in terms of purpose and conceptual analysis in terms of method and data collection. Also in this research, conceptual analysis has been used with the aim of "concept interpretation" and as far as possible to gain a more accurate understanding of the studied concept. The results showed that former review research on the subject has recognized two general approaches to conceptualizing document, namely, "document-as-object approach" (inspired by positivism and with emphasis on the objectivity component) and "document-as-medium approach" (inspired by the hermeneutic tradition). The present study identifies three other approaches and adds to this categorization which include: the "integrated approach" (with a comprehensive emphasis on the physical, mental, and social aspects of the document), the " document-as-agent approach" (with emphasis on the concept of agency), and the "Hjorland's intradisciplinary approach" (with emphasis on the concept of context, reference to the tradition of documentation, and the bibliographic paradigm). In addition, researchers have proposed adding a new dimension to the integrated approach. Researchers believe that because of the importance of the "power" and "discourse" components in relation to knowledge, information, and document, adding a "power relations dimension" to Lund's integrated approach could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the document from a variety of technical, Social, intellectual-content, as well as discourse perspective.

The purpose of this study is to identify situations that require information system support to user search tactics and presenting a model. The method of the present study is a combined approach that has been collected based on quantitative and qualitative data. The data taken from the questionnaire constitute quantitative data and the information obtained from the ambitious protocol derived from the software. The research sample is 35 graduate students (PhD students and undergraduate and graduate students) from the two fields of humanities, engineering in Tehran. A 17-item questionnaire was used to gauge users' judgments about the importance of effective components in supporting the information system from the use of search tactics. Also, 4 search tasks based on Maxwell and Anderson classification based on cognitive perspective were provided to the searchers in order to perform the search. The information obtained from morae software, which included data obtained from the thinking protocol and search observations, was identified to identify situations in need of extraction support, and the main and sub-categories were determined based on interview-based information to improve the search to support the information system. Finally, a conceptual model of the research is presented.Given the limited studies in the field of information system support for the use of search tactics, the findings of this study help to clarify what happens in the search process and situations that require user support from the information system and provide information for database designers.

The purpose of this research is to present a model for the competitive intelligence course in the Knowledge and Information Science curriculum by drawing a picture of the status of competitive intelligence in the international arena from the perspective of research and education as well as obtaining expert opinion.

This research used a mixed approach and quantitative content analysis is done in two parts. The first population of this research is all the scientific productions indexed at WOS Database from 1945 to 2018. In the second part, among the countries that produce scientific works in the field of library and information science, purposive sampling was done and the curriculum of library and information science schools of the country with the most scientific products in the field of competitive intelligence was analyzed (52 universities, the second population research). After analyzing the content of the competitive intelligence curriculum at five universities, the curriculum model was developed. The third research community consists of experts and professors of information science and science. The data from this study was collected through two researcher-made checklists and one questionnar. For data analyzing, statistics such as frequency, percentage and ration test were used.

The results of the research showed that the fields of Librarianship and Information Science, Business, Computer, Chemistry, Engineering are concerned with Competitive Intelligence, respectively. But, the field of information science and librarianship has the highest scientific output in the subject of competitive intelligence. Most of the products are in 2016, and the United States has been the leading supplier of these products and Spain ranks second and Brazil third in the competitive intelligence field. Universities in Grenada and West Eurasia have had the most number of participants in this field. Jin, Vaughan, Bouthollier, Wiley, and Simon have the most products. Scientific products are more in the form of paper and then books. Most of the citations given to scientific productions are in the topic of intelligence 220 and it happened in 2018. Competitive intelligence is taught in most schools and educational departments of library and information science in the country with the highest scientific output. In the model, the name, syllabus, etc. were considered and this model was approved by experts.

The results indicate that the lack of Iran and Iranians in the field of competitive intelligence in Knowledge and Information Science is very clear and it is necessary that this issue is considered in the curriculum of Knowledge and Information Science. The agreement of the information and knowledge experts is an indication of their interest in the extent of the frontier of the field and in gaining more market share.

The aim was to evaluate Skyroom’s user interface, and to find its strengths and weaknesses.

The study was an applied one. To evaluate the user interface, the heuristic method was used. In a heuristic study, 3 to 15 experts evaluate the user interface. In this study, 10 software expert evaluators from the Computer Center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) evaluated the Skyroom's user interface based on Nielsen criteria. Data collection tools included a checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire based on Nielsen’s ten criteria. In the study, after the checklist filled in by the researchers, and the questionnaire were filled in by the experts, an interview was conducted with them through Skyroom program. Its strengths and weaknesses were revealed in the interview.

In the study, 12 major strengths and 17 major weaknesses were revealed in the Skyroom's user interface. The findings also showed that 66% of the criteria were met, but the severity of compliance with the criteria was 2.61 out of 5, which was at a moderate level with 95% confidence. Also, its user interface had a fundamental problem in the criteria of “error prevention (error correction)”, “flexibility and efficiency of use” and “documentation”, as well as "limiting the choices", "offering a choice", "creating history and content previously visited", "having shortcuts for professionals", "teaching shortcuts for newcomers to learn" and so on, and needs paying more attention.

According to experts, the problems explored can be problematic for the program and may also cause user boredom, confusion and ultimately their non-use. Therefore, it is recommended that Skyroom developers solves the explored problems.

Visual literacy, which means the skill of interpreting signs, lines and colors and understanding the message in the image, is a necessity of the present age and complements information literacy due to the mastery of the image over the text. In addition to teaching information literacy skills, librarians are expected to teach visual literacy components as well. In addition to reading wordless picture books that rely on visual literacy skills, these books can also be used as tools to teach visual literacy. Since the improvement of visual literacy skills is directly related to the growth of creativity, picture books can be a tool for teaching visual literacy and increasing creativity. For this purpose, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of visual literacy training on the growth of creativity and its components in ten-year-old girls in primary schools in Mashhad with the focus on picture books.

The present study, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of the type of research, was among the quasi-experimental researches with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population of the study was all 10-year-old girls studying in primary schools of Mashhad in the academic year of 1998-99, of them 30 were randomly selected in two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. The experimental group received visual literacy training and practiced for 16 sessions. Data collection tools were Torrance Visual Creativity Test and a researcher-made child visual literacy questionnaire that assessed the subjects' abilities. The validity of the Visual Literacy Questionnaire was confirmed by communication experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.91). Uni-variate covariance test was used to analyze the data.

Research findings showed that there is a significant difference between the creativity scores of children who have received visual education training and children who have not received this training; These training sets have led to an increase in fluidity, flexibility, initiative and expansion in their ideas and as a result, increased their creativity.

Librarians now focus on teaching visual literacy alongside information literacy due to image dominance, as this skill can affect the ability of people such as creativity. Visual literacy training is a common practice among faculty members, librarians, musicologists, archivists, visual resource professionals, and educational technology professionals, but is held in schools as a hobby. It emphasizes the responsibilities of other educational institutions, especially libraries. In order to address this education, as in the present study, it is necessary to strengthen educational protocols with the participation of other fields such as communication and educational sciences. It is also necessary to use multiple strategies for training. This research used a picture book for education. As a result, it can be stated that in addition to understanding visual books that require visual literacy, it can also be used as a visual literacy training tool. Therefore, future research should examine how to enhance visual literacy in the library, increase it in users, identify effective picture books, and identify appropriate educational protocols.

Strengthening the thinking of the gens is essential for the present and future growth of the child and society, and the children's literature can play an important role to develop thinking and creativity skills. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the extent to which Gilford's components of creativity were used in Persian magazines for children.

This study is an applied research. The statistical population of the research consisted of Persian children's magazines, covering three content (fictions, non-fictions and pictures), published by 21 prestigious Persian magazine of children and adolescents listed in the year in the division of the Children's Book Council. A stratified random sampling method was used for each of the triple types of content that was 413 non-fiction articles, 152 fiction articles, 433 picture stories and 442 images of nonfiction content. Survey research and content analysis were used to identify components of Gilfor'ds creativity in the content of magazines. A researched-made check-list was the tool for gathering data. The validity of the tool was based on previous research and its reliability was confirmed by intra-group correlation coefficient. It was validated in each phase through consultation with specialists in Children's literature and Information Science.

The findings showed that the mean of Gilford's creative thinking components varies in the content of fiction, nonfiction, and magazine publishing. In the fictional material, the most commonly used component in the storytelling of all journals is the sensitivity component to the problem with the mean of 7.5 and the lowest average is the complexity and then the combination.In non-fiction articles, it was also found that the average rate of addressing the problem sensitivity component among non-fiction articles was more than the other components, and the least amount of meanings belonged to the evaluation component. It was also found that in pictures, the most average is the sensitivity to the problem, while the amount of attention to the components of creativity in the pictures of children's magazines is small. Another finding showed that the means of the components of creative thinking in non-fiction pictures are more than fictional images, and they have become more relevant to these components. It was also found that in the material of the magazine Tricycle, in non-fiction articles from the magazine, in the narrative images of Soroush Magazine, and in the non-fiction pictures of the magazine, Candles magazine have been able to pay more attention to the components of creativity than other magazines.

The Persian journals should pay more attention to the issue of creativity, which would not be possible with their current approach and should be revised in the policy of publishing their works and try to find out what obstacles they encounter in tackling them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the approach of interactive information retrieval studies from the decade 1990 to 2020 and drawing the co-word map based on the articles indexed in the Web of Science. 

The research has been done by a quantitative method, scientometric indicators and social network analysis. 10.294 sources were identified by searching the interactive information retrieval in the Web of Science database. Finally, 154 articles in the category of library and information science were analyzed. There was no specific timeframe for the search and data were retrieved from 1990 to 2020. SPSS and VOSviewer software package were used for data analysis.

The research findings indicated that since 2001, the scientific production of this field has started to grow and in 2016 reached the maximum number of articles, In fact, this growth trend peaked in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Also, Pia Borland, Iris Xie and Amanda Spink are highly-cited authors in the field of interactive information retrieval. Most of the studied literature focused on information behavior issues, attention to individual user differences, search process, search strategies, search function and information system design, query expansion and relevance. The paradigm shift of studies has from user attention, relevance feedback, and consequentialism to attention to the search process and related topics such as attention to individual differences in users, search strategies, search performance, search process, and query reformulation. In other words, focus of interactive information retrieval studies has changed from the outcome of search to search process and what happens in the search session. The findings of Ward's hierarchical clustering also resulted in the formation of three clusters, including "web search", "information seeking behavior" and "human-machine interaction". 

Investigating the content of information sources produced in the field of interactive information retrieval helps identify scientific production trends and change paradigm studies in this field.

Economic growth and development is one of the most important goals that economic planners and executives of any society seek to achieve. According to experts, the library, as the main center of information and knowledge, in different types and directly and indirectly, has a significant role in the various types of development (especially industrial and economic development). Public libraries can contribute to the long-term economic success and play a major role in the economic development by providing resources for existing businesses and starting potential businesses, providing literacy services, providing job and employment resources, etc. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of providing the effective services on the economic development in public libraries of Mashhad.

This study was an applied research that was conducted through a survey. The research population involved the librarians of Mashhad public libraries and the managers and experts of the General Directorate of the Public Libraries of Khorasan Razavi Province and Mashhad (112 people). The desired sample (86 people) was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table through simple random sampling method. The required data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed through the SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics.

According to the librarians and managers’ viewpoint, in total the possibility of providing effective services on economic development (including literacy services, training and development of human resources skills, informing services, consulting and reference services, and library research activities) was more than the medium level in the public libraries of Mashhad. The librarians and managers evaluated the necessity of providing effective services on the economic development more than the medium level. The status of space and equipment infrastructures, library and information related facilities, and technology to provide effective services on economic development in public libraries of Mashhad was more than the medium level. However, the status of the infrastructures of human resources and budget was less than the medium level. Therefore, the revision in the policies and guidelines of public libraries’ services; providing the necessary infrastructure and facilities to deliver effective services for economic development, especially the allocation of adequate budget and human resources to the public libraries; creating appropriate conditions for providing effective services on economic development, especially in the field of library research activities, consulting services, reference services and training and development of human resources skills are recommended.

The present study is one of the few domestic studies focusing public library services that have an impact on economic development. It has also examined the views of decision-makers and agents of these services who have encountered different problems in libraries. Utilizing the results of this study, the managers and authorities of Public Libraries Foundation can perform the necessary planning in order to play one of the important roles of the public libraries, which is to contribute to the economic development of the community.

Information literacy experience emphases on the abilities of acquiring and applying information in order to respond to customers and exchange information with other colleagues and use in the workplace. As the task complexity increases, the experience of information literacy becomes important due to different information behaviors (diversity and complexity of information needs, difficulties in obtaining information, attention to oral information sources, interaction and exchange of information with colleagues).

Reviewing the role of information literacy experience of individuals in the workplace in terms of the complexity of the task.

A qualitative research conducted by content analysis.

As the complexity tasks increases, information dependence and information literacy experience become more important, and more aspects of it is required in the workplace.  Likewise, it was   found that a small number of information literacy definitions are defined in terms of the work environment. Further, none of the definitions of information literacy examined had all aspects of information literacy.

Gaining experience and skill in information literacy is one factor that safeguards the success of employees. It is recommended for administrators and staff to use seven aspects of information literacy that cultivates the mind and warrants the advancement of the organization.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for implementing the linked data method in library systems (such as digital libraries and library catalogues), as well as to provide the components needed to perform this process. In this stage, in order to provide a practical example of converting metadata records based on linked data method, 40 metadata records from the total records of Shahnameh bibliographic family were purposefully selected from the Iran’s national library catalogue, and converted based on linked data method and finally it’s RDF graph was designed. In this study, after analyzing the structure of RDF language and connecting data in the linked data method, the steps of implementing this method in selected metadata records were explained. These steps include assigning URI; representing RDF model of bibliographic entities and relationships; converting examples of metadata records based on linked data method; providing RDF/XML code resulting from the conversion of one of the metadata records based on the linked data method; and finally creating an RDF graph. The links established in the RDF/XML syntax are richer, more accurate, more comprehensive, and more structured than current formats, and the use of linked data method allows for the coverage of a variety of bibliographic relationships between related works. Therefore, it seems that the application of linked data method can have significant effects on the process of describing and displaying relationships and links between bibliographic metadata in library systems.

Mind map is a full-color illustrated note-taking in which, main idea or subject is situated. The main ideas then branch out from the center, which are linked to the central idea. This is a relatively new topic, and slight research has been conducted to show its effectiveness worldwide. The aim is to examine the effectiveness of mind maps in the information retrieval process.

This is an applied in terms of purpose and in order to collect information about the familiarity and use of graduate students with mind maps by survey method. The present study also investigates the effect of mental map tools on quasi-experimental information retrieval. The statistical population of the present study includes all graduate students (Master and PhD) of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016-2017, in four areas: humanities, basic sciences, engineering and agricultural sciences. The statistical sample size of the first phase of the research includes 224 graduate students and 127 doctoral students. The total size of the laboratory population is 30 people. The sampling method of the first stage is stochastic research of relative classes. The sample size of the second stage of the laboratory is purposeful. A questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. Cronbach's alpha of questionnaire number one is more than 0.8 and questionnaire number two and three is more than 7%.

Analysis show that the level of familiarity with mind maps and its use by graduate students at Ferdowsi University is below average. The average overall level search satisfaction with the whole search process in the second stage (3.833) is higher than the first stage (3.704). The average effectiveness of the whole search process in the second stage - with the help of mental map (359/3) is more than the first stage of the search process - without mental map (2.332).

Mind maps are effective tools in the process of information retrieval that can be used with careful, purposeful planning and in consultation with experts in the field of information retrieval and information science. Information systems, search engines, information needs, etc. are among the areas in which mind maps can be examined.

There are several metrics for evaluating search engines. Though, many researchers have proposed new metrics in recent years. Familiarity with new metrics is essential. So, the purpose is to provide an analysis of important and new metrics to evaluate search engines.

This review article critically studied the efficiency of metrics of evaluation. So, “evaluation metrics,” “evaluation measure,” “search engine evaluation,” “information retrieval system evaluation,” “relevance evaluation measure” and “relevance evaluation metrics” were investigated in “MagIran” “Sid” and Google Scholar search engines. Articles gathered to inspect and analyse existing approaches in evaluation of information retrieval systems. Descriptive-analytical approach used to review the search engine assessment metrics.

Theoretical and philosophical foundations determine research methods and techniques. There are two well-known “system-oriented” and “user-oriented” approaches to evaluating information retrieval systems. So, researchers such as Sirotkin (2013) and Bama, Ahmed, & Saravanan (2015) group the precision and recall metrics in a system-oriented approach. They also believe that Average Distance, normalized discounted cumulative gain, Rank Eff and B pref are rooted in the user-oriented approach. Nowkarizi and Zeynali Tazehkandi (2019) introduced comprehensiveness metric instead of Recall metric. They argue that their metric is rooted in a user-oriented approach, while the goal is not fully met. On the other hand, Hjørland(2010) emphasizes that we need a third approach to eliminate this dichotomy. In this regard, researchers such as Borlund, Ingwersen (1998), Borlund (2003), Thornley, Gibb (2007) have mentioned a third approach for evaluating information retrieval systems that refer to interact and compose two mentioned approaches. Incidentally, Borlund, Ingwersen(1998) proposed a Jaccard Association and Cosine Association measures to evaluate information retrieval systems. It seems that these two metrics have failed to compose the system-oriented and user-oriented approaches completely,  and need further investigation.

Search engines involve different components including: Crawler, Indexer, Query Processor, Retrieval Software, and Ranker. Scholars  wish to apply the most efficient search engines for retrieving required information resources. Each   metrics measures a specific component, to measure all, it is suggested to select metrics from all three mentioned groups in their search.

Academic library services are important to all students. However, research shows that international students face some barriers in utilizing library resources and facilities. This study seeks the viewpoints of international students and librarians at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in this regard

The Cochran formula using simple random sampling method was employed to determine. Each the two groups of 36 library staff and 295 students filled one of the two researcher developed questionnaires,. Validity was assessed by experts and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha.

The international students' satisfaction with the services was high, except with regard to the audio- visual materials (CDs, etc.). Librarians also viewed the services in line with the needs of international students. There is also a significant difference between the librarians and international students' perception of the differences between international and native students.

The Libraries of Ferdowsi University should provide different services to their international students, and librarians should pay attention to the differences between international students and native students.

To achieve the localized strategic pattern to help to formulate a strategic program, by identifying factors influencing the acceptance and use of technology was the main propose.

It was an analytical survey. The random stratified sampling was used with two samples of 201 and 373 people of 12538 members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The data gathered by a questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was approved. The Internal validity of the original questionnaire was approved by using Promax correlation matrix in the factor analysis method.

Hypothesis testing showed that GIF with 0.92 was fit to the research population, for the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of technology and with 0.94 for the Task-Technology Fit theory. The extracted indicators of the diagonally rotated matrix of correlations resulted in a localized strategic model. The RMSEA with 0.037 for the Use of Technology model and with 0.023 for the Acceptance model showed that the factor loadings and path ratios of used models were significant and a high predictive power that provides to create a strategic model.

Libraries need to design websites to attract users to use the website and have interactive and valuable online experiences. One way to encourage users to use the library website is to apply the principles of persuasive design. Persuasive technology utilizing persuasive techniques to design products such as websites tries to positively influence people, thereby changing the attitude and behavior of a person to perform a particular action, such as using a website and encouraging users to perform a certain action. Libraries can use persuasion techniques to motivate users to interact with the library and to benefit from the services and information available through the library. Hence the identifying the extent of applying persuasive design criteria in the central library of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad was one of the study purposes. Furthermore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of persuasive design criteriain persuading the users to use the library website.

This study was an applied research, and its methodology was combination of the evaluation and survey. Research population consisted of MA students at Ferdowsi university of Mashhad belonging to four disciplines i.e., Basic Sciences, Humanities, Engineering, and Agriculture. The desired sample was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table through stratified random sampling (356 persons). The required data were collected by a check list and a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the check list and the questionnaire was confirmed. The gathered data were analyzed through the SPSS using descriptive (i.e., frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (i.e., one sample t-test).

For eight persuasive design criteria (i.e., credibility, privacy, personalization, attractiveness, solicitation, priming, commitment and ascendency), 107 elements were identified, of which 58 percent had been applied in the library website. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the website designers have payed the most attention to the credibility criterion and the least attention to the personalization criterion. The role of persuasive design criteria in persuading the users to use the library website was more than average. According to the results, loading speed and access to the content, user’s personal information privacy, online chat with librarians, selecting the mode of delivering the searched information, a well-organized interface, simple menus and icons, internal search engine, and existence of a section for the library new books were the most persuasive elements of the library website from the users' perspectives. 

This is one of the rare studies in the field of persuasive design in libraries. The results can be used by the librarians and the website designers to design this website more efficiently and effectively. The Librarians can make the website more user-friendly and persuade the users to use the website and the library services.

Adolescence stories are full of educational tips in addition to entertaining features. One of the basic questions during adolescence is one's curiosity about self-knowledge and identity. Therefore, it may be said that adolescent can answer these curiosities through fiction reading. The present study intends to examine the status of adolescents fiction books in terms of identity dimensions and in terms of compilation and translation. Another aim of the study is to list the fictions that have focused on identities more than others.

The current research is descriptive and approach has been used to collect research data is content analysis. The statistical society consists of all the fiction books of the age groups "d" and "e" published in the years 1390-94 by the Children's and Young Children's Intellectual Development Center, and in total are included 180 story titles. .

Studies have shown that the fictions examined do not take into account the same types of identities in the same way. The authors focus on personal identity, family identity, group identity, and national identity. Other types of identity differ in compilation and translation fictions. Therefore, it can be said that the lack of attention to other identities, the negative effects and serious and irreparable harm in the formation and consolidation of identity of adolescents. In the final section of the research findings, seven titles of top fictions have been introduced with consideration of the identity components posed by psychological theories.

Information literacy treatment is a new concept that is an important part of the disease process and patients should have good information in this area. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is a study of the needs and information resources for cancer patients in the components of information literacy treatment. The research is an applied type that was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 570 cancer patients who completed their treatment stages at Omid Hospital in Mashhad. They were referred to this center at the time of conducting the research. 230 patients were selected by stratified random sampling as sample size. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire that includes 37 items for 6 components of information treatment literacy (medications, treatment, nutrition, tests, treatment costs and sport) as well as 19 items on various sources of information literacy treatment. The method of scoring the questionnaire was based on a Likert scale (from 1 to 5). The validity of the questionnaire has confirmed by specialists and stability of the questionnaire also approved considering to Cornbrash's coefficient alpha. To calculate the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 30 questionnaires were distributed among the sample, the results showed that in all dimensions of the questionnaire, the coefficient was more than 9/0. The findings showed that among 6 components of information literacy treatment, 5 components such as medication, treatment, nutrition, testing and treatment costs are the most information needs of the patient and their least information needed was allocated with an average of 2.72 in the sport component. In relation to the information resources, the lowest mean refers to educational classes and the hospital librarian and only in 5 sources, the average was higher than the average level (3), these sources of information were in the order of average: "therapist", "other non-specialists in the disease", "hospital nurse", "nurse in the department of chemotherapy", and "other patients with the same illness". Patients' resources and how to understand the use of information resources should be given special attention because patients are exposed to a wide range of information sources. The role of hospital librarians in this regard can be very high, as they can provide information to the medical staff and also patients because they have enough cognitive information resources and they have the ability to identify quality and reliability of information.

The purpose of this study is content analysis of scientific and research articles published in the field of competitive intelligence.

The present study was carried out with a mixed approach and quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods were used. The first statistical population of this study is Persian articles published in the field of Competitive Intelligence (72 case). Due to the small size of the research community, there was no need for sampling. Quantitative data from this research were collected through a researcher-made checklist. In order to determine which subjects the articles were dealt with, it was necessary to use a standard plan in which the thematic categories of the field were specified. But due to the lack of this plan, researchers interviewed with competitive intelligence experts (another research population) about what matters in the area of ​​competitive intelligence. Sampling from this population was targeted and 10 experts were selected. The interview was semi-structured and conducted electronically. A thematic plan was obtained for the separation of the articles, namely, qualitative content analysis was used in this part of the research. The researchers then categorized the papers based on this theme. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage.

The findings of this study showed that the amount of articles in the Competitive Intelligence area was upward and male authors had more contributions (78.81%). Co-authorship happened mostly with two or three authors (67.41%) and most of the authors were university professors (22.31%) and doctoral students (91.52%). Commercial Management Journal and New Marketing Research (72.9%) has the largest number of articles in this area. The dominant scientific-specialized discipline in this field of management is with the business orientation (88.20%). Among the universities, the contribution of the University of Tehran is more than the other institutions (44.19%). Most citations occurred in articles in 1395 (655 cases). Most studies were in the field of competitive intelligence on companies and organizations (89.8%), the main tool used was the questionnaire (94.81%) and the preferred method was quantitative research (50.87%). Among the thematic categories of competitive intelligence, fundamental concepts were researched more (72.2%).

The results of the research showed that although in recent years growth has been made in the field of competitive intelligence, but despite the interdisciplinarity nature of this area, there is a deficiency in participation with other fields of study such as information science and social sciences. Also, there is no uniform expansion in the subject categories of this field.

Treatment information literacy addresses the patients’ therapeutic information during the treatment process, which should be properly identified and directed. The purpose of study was to construct and validate treatment information literacy acquisition questionnaire for patients with cancer. The study population in this survey research was 570 patients with cancer undergoing treatment at Omid hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The sample consisted of 227 patients who were selected via stratified random sampling. The used tool was a researcher-made treatment information literacy questionnaire which was distributed in June 2017. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were used to determine the content validity while the Bartlett sample spheroid test was used for the structure validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the designed questionnaire. Among 40 items of the questionnaire, 37 items were accepted by CVR. Furthermore, the score of the CVI was 0.76 which indicated the validity of the tool. The significance of the Brutel test was 8250.258d and the significance level was 0.001, which indicated that the sample size was suitable for performing factor analysis of patient treatment information literacy components. The results of factor analysis showed that the prepared questionnaire was multidimensional, and had 6 components which according to percentage of variance and special value included drugs, treatment methods, nutrition, experiments, treatment costs, and sport (exercise). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all components of the questionnaire was higher than 0.7 in the pretest and final test, which indicated the reliability of the tool. This questionnaire helps medical teams in charge of patients with cancer to recognize the information needs of their patients in various components of treatment information literacy, and to meet their information needs

INTRUDUCTION: The aim of the present study was to identify librarians' attitudes toward establishment and implementation of customer relationship management (CRM) in the academic libraries of Iran and study its effective and inhibiting components. This research was an applied study and has been done with survey method. Population of the research included all librarians working in the academic libraries of Iran universities. Data collection instrument was a combined questionnaire designed based on review of CRM questionnaires and literature. The validity and reliability of the data collection instrument were confirmed by some experts and specialists and Cronbach's alpha (88%). FINDINGS: Among the identified components in the establishment of customer relationship management from the viewpoints of librarians, "organizing" with the mean rate of 0.928 was recognized as the most important component affecting the establishment of CRM in the academic libraries. The components "human resources": with the mean rate of 0.872, "knowledge management" with the mean rate of 0.865 and " information technology" with the mean rate of 0.750 were ranked second to fourth, respectively. Among the deterrent components in the establishment and application of CRM, the components "lack of cultural readiness" with the mean rate of 0.820 was ranked first in terms of its effect on CRM and "weak alignment of human resource management strategy with customer relationship management" with the mean rate of -0.114 was ranked thirteenth in the prevention of establishment and application of CRM. Among the identified components in the establishment of CRM, organizing was recognized as the most important component affecting its establishment in the academic libraries. The results of this research can help library managers recognize librarians' attitudes and expectations in addition to the presentation of a model for strengthening effective components and the reduction of inhibiting ones in the establishment of CRM in the academic libraries of Iran. Results can inform managers of weaknesses and strengths of library and help them make optimal decision and improve and correct the conditions of the academic libraries and the quality of library services. In addition, libraries can reduce the risk of failure with the results obtained in this research and consider the effective and deterrent components and increase the success of this strategy and renew their CRM

To identify important elements in designing children’s online catalog regarding their characteristics and to design and develop an online catalog prototype based on identified elements and study children’s behavior while working with it.
Mixed methodology using interview, think aloud, search files and log files to gather data from children while interacting with the self-designed prototype.
Features such as proper use of icons, color and page segmentation (sort of elements) help in better usage of the catalog. Also, children often use subject browsing to find books in online catalog. This study offers a list of features and elements for designing children online catalog.
Children show reactive behavior when using the catalog and this should be considered in designing.