افشین متقی دستنائی

Isfahan Province is located in the arid and semi-arid region of Iran and is considered one of the country's leaders in the production and export of agricultural and industrial products. These characteristics have created challenges for local governance in this province. In the current research, the upcoming scenarios in the field of virtual water application in the local governance of Isfahan province have been investigated using a future research approach. This research is descriptive-analytical, and data were collected through library and field methods and analyzed using Micmac, Scenario Wizard, and Vensim software. The results of the research showed that coordination between various institutions and stakeholders, management of water resources in the agricultural sector in line with other sectors, the collective interest approach, development of water-intensive industries, climate change, rainfall patterns, and population size are among the key variables affecting the use of virtual water in local governance of Isfahan province. In the analysis of key drivers and possible scenarios, the output of the Scenario Wizard software showed that out of the 18 situations on the scenario page, the largest number of situations are related to scenarios that put the local governance of Isfahan province on a crisis path. These situations comprise 38.88 percent of the total situations on the scenario page. Therefore, the future situation of virtual water use in Isfahan province was assessed as critical.

Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Undoubtedly, all countries will be affected by this phenomenon. However, due to geographical position, reliance on climate-sensitive natural resources, and development gaps in general, developing countries, and low-income countries in particular.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, qualitative and based on documentary studies, and since it seeks to identify and solve the problem, it is placed in the field of applied research. were made in three areas of resilience, climate change and the relationship between these two issues (climate resilience). Theoretical studies showed that climate change is mainly influenced by human activities. Many thinkers' views indicate that the impact of these changes on different regions, relatively developed and less developed, is diverse and different. Also, the findings of the studies of the functional part of the research regarding the main components of resilience in response to climate changes in the ecological, social, physical and institutional dimensions related to sustainable development showed that the most important influencing factors are institutional and social factors.

In general, the results of the study show that, to be successful, disaster risk reduction and disaster management, social protection and resilience strategies must be part of a broader development framework that gradually paves the way for the empowerment of today's disadvantaged groups by improving their economic status and providing access to More needs.

Traditionally, public diplomacy has been centered around collecting and disseminating information. On the one hand, diplomats must collect information about how foreign audiences perceive the actions of a particular government, and on the other hand, they must assess the nature of relations between the two countries and identify opportunities or threats of bilateral cooperation. In this regard, the most important obstacles and problems facing the public diplomacy cycle are: Chart 1: Obstacles and problems of the public diplomacy cycleHowever, throughout history, technological advances have always impacted the field of diplomacy and public diplomacy and often transformed the structure of international relations. Consider the emergence of the telegraph in the nineteenth century, an advancement that transformed diplomatic communications by drastically reducing the time needed to exchange messages between countries. This transition accelerated diplomatic negotiations and created new dynamics in power relations and information management. Similarly, the emergence of the Internet in the late twentieth century further transformed diplomacy and enabled instant global communications and rapid dissemination of information. While the Internet revolutionized how we communicate, work, and access information, artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how we live, work, and interact with technology. AI is a branch of computer science that aims to develop intelligent machines that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. AI systems use algorithms and deep learning models to learn from large datasets and improve accuracy over time. AI can be divided into two primary types: narrow or weak AI and general or strong AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform specific tasks, while general AI is intended for human-like thinking and reasoning. Like the Internet, AI has the potential to transform society in ways we cannot yet predict. Both technologies have the power to create new industries and change existing ones. As we examine the potential and challenges of integrating AI into diplomacy, it is important to note that technology has continuously acted as a catalyst for change in this field and established a precedent for AI's potential role in shaping the future of international relations.

Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze and examine the role of AI in public diplomacy. The main research question is: what are the strengths, weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats of the widespread implementation of AI in public diplomacy?

This study used a SWOT analysis and data was collected through review of theoretical literature and previous research. The SWOT method shown below was used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of AI in public diplomacy. This study uses the SWOT components as the four main categories of analytical subjects. The themes and patterns in the four main categories are processed mostly through an inductive analysis of the findings. A total of 18 research papers were selected for the final analysis in this study.

The main findings resulting from reviewing and studying 18 research papers listed in the above table have been classified into categories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the table below:Table 2: Findings classified using SWOT

AI software can be used to better understand where narratives take root, helping public diplomacy practitioners know where to focus attention and resources to counter misinformation and hostile influence campaigns. AI's data collection capabilities can help diplomats analyze how their country's interests and actions are portrayed in foreign media, and then local information and outreach efforts to improve penetration. AI-based analysis of social media platforms can also assess the impact of content produced through public diplomacy. In addition to external analytical capabilities, AI tools can simplify internal datasets and global events through the analysis of diplomatic documents sent by embassies, media summaries, briefings, and even diplomats' analysis of local information. Ministries of foreign affairs, ambassadors, and diplomats can use AI tools like chatbots, GPT-3, or Anthropic to analyze news coverage about their home country, gaining insights into topics of discussion reflecting the country's changing political, social, and economic outlook, some potential trends observable over the long term, periodic shifts and changes in media priorities influenced by live geo-political dynamics and events. With modern AI technology, voice mimicry is also possible. Diplomatic channels may be monitored by other countries' intelligence agencies and potentially criminal groups that can access specialized technologies like eavesdropping. Often hidden data (photos, videos, audio recordings) and even fabricated news that an ordinary person could in no way verify their authenticity appear in the media. Such manipulations pose a serious threat to social stability and influence public opinion. AI technologies can also be used in political struggles against rival forces. Diplomats' readiness for change and understanding and use of AI technologies is important. This highlights the need for interdisciplinary educational programs combining innovative thinking, big data management, and machine learning to strengthen effective collaboration between diplomats and technical experts.

The idea of creating smart machines and artificial intelligence has been around for centuries and dates back to at least the 14th century. Although the application of artificial intelligence in education is a very new field, but during the last 25 years, artificial intelligence has made achievements in some fields. Which has also affected education of course, criticisms have also been raised against excessive optimism towards contemporary artificial intelligence research. Little research has been done on the expectations of the role of artificial intelligence in education and its potential impact on education. The purpose of this study is to analyze and investigate the role of artificial intelligence in education.

Methods and Materoal:

This study was done using SWOT analysis method and its data collection method is also a library

Text In general, artificial intelligence as a catalyst for teaching and learning with the help of computers is a field with many applications. The teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects can be enhanced with artificial intelligence-based software systems. Another potential strength is the potential of AI systems to serve learners across schools, borders, and platforms in creating ecosystems of interactive learning tools. Additionally, AI systems in education may be used to evaluate different learning models throughout the school. Without strong artificial intelligence, tutoring systems cannot provide rapid feedback to learners and enable stimulating interaction. With a realistic view, weak to moderate and strong artificial intelligence have a good ability to support teaching and learning and facilitate the daily work of teachers.Intelligent learning systems often have less artificial intelligence than expected, especially when it comes to interacting with students. Baker (2016) in a critical position classified many of the existing education systems under stupid education systems. His concept for online learning is to enhance data-driven human intelligence rather than data-driven artificial intelligence. In order to more dynamically use AI in education, there is a need for training data, one of the problems that arise is how to ensure that the data is real and free from bias. As stated by Popenici and Kerr (2017), complex AI algorithms are designed by human programmers who are likely to include their own agendas or biases in the development of the system. An important aspect of high-level machine intelligence is that it customizes learning for each student, but in doing so it intervenes by standardizing content and what is expected of the student.As reviewed by Lakin et al. (2016), it is hard to see a future where teachers are replaced by artificial intelligence systems or robots. A more positive and realistic scenario is that the role of the teacher evolves and transforms, freeing teachers from tedious daily tasks. In addition, AI in education has the potential to relieve the teacher of the burden of having all the knowledge and information that can be relevant to students. A possible use of artificial intelligence in education in the future is in the form of robots (collaborative robots) that help teachers in their daily work and tailor the learning experience to each student, for example in recording and analyzing the work of these students. And report to the teacher. The use of intelligent learning systems can provide customized instruction or instant feedback to students at any time of the day. But the depth of customization is one of the truly critical features, not superficial and personalized learning. Studies show that developers of intelligent instructional systems have been successful in their goal of adapting and surpassing computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and human teacher training in raising student test scores.The negative change in the role of the teacher may be caused by the design of stereotypical courses with low-level multiple-choice questions and the use of teachers as content developers. Most school curricula and teacher training programs are not wellprepared to take advantage of the benefits of artificial intelligence in education due to not providing artificial intelligence courses to their teachers. If teachers are not trained in the use of artificial intelligence, this can lead to misuse of the technology, for example in protecting privacy and using personal data for influence. According to Nicholas and Holmes (2018), an ethical framework should be established for the use of artificial intelligence in education, and even if adopted, it should be continuously discussed and updated to allow for the capabilities and scope of artificial intelligence and the potential use of reflect it. A growing concern among many education workers is the fear of unemployment as high-level machine intelligence systems completely take over the teaching profession. According to Popenici and Kerr (2017), artificial intelligence currently has the potential to replace a large number of teaching assistants and administrative staff in education, and therefore it is more important to investigate its impact on education. Studies show that widespread use of high-level AI systems may disrupt students' ability to learn independently and develop 21st century skills such as problem solving and critical thinking. Finally, the most severe threat to students may be AI. Surveillance cameras with built-in facial recognition. Along with machine learning, facial recognition is one area where AI is advancing much faster than AI ethics. By using this technology, schools may collect students' biometric information, for example, under the pretext of reducing the many working hours that employees spend on registration and attendance. Support using artificial intelligence systems in education and robotics is certainly an opportunity, but social robots are still in their infancy and have limited social skills. In the near future, a realistic opportunity lies in the development of robots that can provide personalized content and rapid feedback. As in the manufacturing industry, teachers will soon be able to reprogram the cobots using block programming code that doesn't require advanced programming skills. Of course, there are also threats, and for purely economic reasons, we will probably experience cases where teachers are replaced by artificial intelligence solutions in education. Universities with financial problems may be tempted to try solutions, such as Deakin University in Australia, which offers a service where any student who asks can expect tailored information and advice. However, since the common concern is how to submit assignments and how to pay for parking, such systems pose a threat to administrative staff rather than teachers. Finally, as with AI in general, ethics is a major and immediate challenge in the use of AI in education, even though the threats posed by AI in education may not be as dramatic as in other AI areas. Automatic will not be useful. Quality teaching is a complex and creative profession involving improvisation and spontaneity where humans are not easily replaced. In general evaluation, it can be said that there are many ways that artificial intelligence can help students. From identifying signs of effort to creating a more interactive and personalized learning program.Here are four ways that artificial intelligence can have a positive impact on student learning; Personalized learning: The ability to respond to personalized learning needs is one of the most positive benefits of artificial intelligence in education. Artificial intelligence technology can easily adapt to different learning styles. AI technology can analyze students' past performance and create tailored curricula and settings based on past performance. When it comes to personalized learning, AI can also point students in the right direction for resources and other useful data and information. Artificial intelligence has the ability to provide personalized study plans for students without having to wait for interventions from learning professionals. All while meeting the overall goal of making learning easier and helping students engage with content more effectively. Ultimately, where AI really helps personalized learning is in its ability to reach students on a massive scale. With overcrowded classrooms at the elementary school level and classrooms of hundreds at the secondary level, AI can help personalize education for all students at once, making it easier for everyone to succeed. Tutoring: Sometimes students need extra help, and AI allows you to access on-demand tutoring without an in-person or live tutoring session. Because the AI uses algorithms to adapt, it can quickly change to cover the areas where students need the most support. Just like a human tutor who adapts to a student's learning style and ability to absorb information, AI tutoring systems are very useful in their ability to focus on improving and deepening student learning as a whole. The main advantage of AI-based tutoring technology is the ability to help students understand complex concepts and terms on a mass level. Finally, with artificial intelligence, access to tutoring is no longer limited to those who can afford it. In addition, instructors can spend less time helping those who do not understand the concepts. Assessment and grading: A large part of teachers' time is spent grading assignments. Artificial intelligence technology can help speed up this process. Additionally, when it comes to grading assignments, AI technology can help analyze and get feedback from students on things like grammar, content, and vocabulary. By removing this part of teachers' duties, they can focus on other aspects of teaching that are more important, such as lesson planning and student engagement. Finally, one of the biggest benefits of automated assessment is that it eliminates human error, biases, and mistakes. It can also give each student an outline of where they went wrong and how they can improve, without taking up extra time from teachers. Improving student interaction: Artificial intelligence can engage students in educational content and make learning more interesting. One of the ways that educators and teachers can incorporate artificial intelligence into the classroom is through the use of catboats. The ability of catboats to personalize and adapt to students' learning styles creates more opportunities to keep students engaged, and the fact that catboats can be accessed anytime or anywhere means that students they can work at their own pace and continue their learning outside of traditional classroom time. The fact that AI improves engagement is exciting for course planners and administrators. This means they can deliver highly personalized and interactive learning in their courses, regardless of the subject, helping to amplify the impact on people's lives. Discussed how artificial intelligence can be useful for students. In addition there is great potential impact on coaches and teachers – particularly in ways it can save time.The three advantages of artificial intelligence in education for teachers are: 1- Predictive analysis an interesting and emerging area of artificial intelligence in education is prediction. AI can analyze data and predict which students might fall behind due to the educational gap. Predictive analytics is exciting for educators because it means students struggling with learning challenges can be identified earlier and given the tools they need to succeed. Additionally, early intervention means that students who otherwise fail or struggle might have the opportunity to become successful students by giving them the right tools to help them succeed. 2-Advanced educational methods one of the methods of using artificial intelligence in education is to improve teaching methods. Today, due to the vast amount of content and information, teachers often have little time to organize alternative learning methods without spending more than hours of classroom time. Using artificial intelligence technology, teachers have the ability to quickly put together games and simulations that help students practice and learn the lessons being taught without spending more time on lesson planning. It saves a lot of time for teachers. 3- Facilitating evaluations and grading if you ask any teacher, they will tell you that assessment is one of the most time-consuming parts of the job. One of the exciting areas of artificial intelligence in education is the use of artificial intelligence technology to improve and speed up the assessment and grading process. For example, assessments can be done in real time instead of lengthy home marking. This not only saves time for teachers, but also improves students' understanding of the material in the moment.

The research findings show that there are both opportunities and threats regarding the role of artificial intelligence in contemporary education. In many ways, AI appears to have a promotional mode. But like other areas of advertising, it has the potential to grow with specific applications in educational and learning activities. The results of the research show that the awareness of artificial intelligence and the study of the role of artificial intelligence in education will reduce the risk of substituting artificial intelligence instead of using artificial intelligence in education

Political orientation among Iranian ethnicities is expected to increase due to the huge potential of virtual networks. According to this scenario, the present study analyzes the impacts of virtual networks with a future research approach that may change the political orientations of the Lur people in Lorestan province in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of virtual networks on the political orientations of the Lur people with a future research approach. The present study is applied, applied, and in terms of the combination (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of experts/experts and some people of Lur in Lorestan province. 30 experts were selected to use the useful sampling method, targeted, and theoretical saturation. For data collection and information, the questionnaire was used by the Questionnaire. Micmac software and software were used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that, given the amount of net effect, the convenient expression of political emotions and emotions (+15), the development of ethnic identity over a political party (+11), increased Lur's people's understanding of political issues (+9), Use to collect political information (+5), attachment of people to party and partyism (+5), a sense of closeness to partying among the people of Lur (+4), creating personal interests to political news (+4), repeated political use of social media (+3), creation of ethnic interests for current political affairs (+3) and ethnic participation in future voting and elections (+2), are the most important effects of virtual networks on the political orientations of people in Lorestan province. The results of this research can be used for future planning of the political issues of ethnic groups in the country.

Martyr Soleimani was at the helm of creating and maintaining a civilizational domain that was not feasible with merely the military or even the cultural and political forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Rather, establishing a civilizational domain, after centuries, required forces that all emerged in an extraordinary and consistent historical leap in the personality of the spiritual leader Haj Qassem. In this regard, the authors sought to answer this question: “What are the aspects and features of the personality of the spiritual leader martyr Qassem Soleimani that put him in the role of creator and sustainer of civilization?” The research data were collected by library method and the methodology governing the text is descriptive-analytical. The findings indicate that Soleimani’s spiritual existence and civilizational domain-building in West Asia, which were authentic manifestations and exemplars of the Iranian-Shiite civilizational quality, also revived and added new elements to this civilization in the 21st century. Consequently, it can be said that one of the indicators of Haj Qassem’s domain-building was his fundamental distinction from the colonial forces of history; This domain-building had a negative and defensive nature and was imperative and essential to prevent the subjugation by foreigners, as a fundamental principle in Islam and Iranian culture.

The issue of the decline of civilizations is one of the most strategic issues discussed in humanities. The decline of civilization happens in different dimensions and somehow involves all fields and sub-fields of human sciences. The purpose of this research is to examine the indicators of the decline of civilization in Islamic and Western narratives. The main question of the research is that considering that the indicators of life and durability of any civilization are multiple and diverse does the decline of civilization seem equally unpredictable and confusing? The method of conducting this research is qualitative. The data studied in the research are collected from library sources and reliable scientific-research articles. The results of the research show that the decline of civilization is not like a drop in the stock index of a company in the stock market, but it is like the entire stock market of a country experiencing a crisis and a continuous drop in the index. Of course, the point that is very important to pay attention to in the study of the decline of civilizations is that civilizations have their own characteristics at any point in history, and it is not possible to draw general principles for their decline, and based on those general principles, we await an event as great as the decline of civilization. sat and in fact, despite all the brilliant works that have been written in this field, there is practically no general and coherent theory about decline. The decline of a civilization is like a book with an open ending to which a new chapter is added in each period, and at the present time the chapter that is being written is a chapter titled The Decline of American Civilization.

The Coveid Epidemic 19 is a purely urban crisis that occurred in a world of widespread urbanization. Therefore, all urban areas of the world, including the city of Tehran, are facing this crisis.

The present research is based on the type of research, applied and mixed research method (quantitative-qualitative). SPSS 26 and Minitab software were used to analyze the findings.

In the present study, the challenges of the Covid 19 epidemic were addressed in two sections. In order to study the challenges of the world's cities in the face of Covid 19, the sources published in 2020 were used, which in total nine major challenges (economic, socio-cultural, political, service, technological and digital, managerial, health, Environmental and physical-spatial) were identified.

The results of one-sample t-test to examine the status of challenges in Tehran in the face of Covid 19, show that the occurrence of crisis has an impact on the creation and intensification of these challenges, so that the P-value obtained for The whole challenge, and in general (0.000), is. The results of Friedman test to evaluate the priority of the impact of the Covid 19 crisis on the challenges show that the obtained P-value is less than 0.05 and 0.000 and shows the different impact of the Covid 19 crisis on the challenges of Tehran.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the educational need to improve geostrategy knowledge in NEDAJA. The present study was a mixed-methods study that was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The research tool was developed after interviewing and theoretical saturation. It includes 39 items in the form of seven general needs, including the need to know about the country, population, society, politics, economics, land, and strategy. The questionnaire was developed based on the Likert scale (very much, 5 points to very little, 1 point). The research population of the present study in the qualitative section included experts familiar with the research subject, and the necessary experience and knowledge were determined. The purposive sampling method was used to determine the samples. This sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and finally, 14 individuals were selected as samples in the qualitative section. Also, the research population in the quantitative part of the research included all individuals in the Navy of the Iranian Army who had full knowledge of the research subject. Based on snowball sampling, 54 people were selected as the research sample. Finally, after distributing and collecting the research questionnaires, 41 questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that the educational needs for improving geostrategic knowledge in NEDAJA included knowing the country, land, population, society, economy, politics, and strategy. The results of the current research also showed that all the needs identified in the research model have a significant impact. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issues related to the country, land, population, society, economy, politics, and strategy in education programs related to geostrategy in NEDAJA.

Different countries play a multi-dimensional role in the foreign policy strategies of regional and global players by taking advantage of their different geographical features. Syria is not an exception to this rule and due to its various geographical, economic, cultural and political specialties, it has a multi-dimensional position in the sphere of foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran has played. Despite the fact that Syria's strategic position in the axis of resistance has affected other dimensions of the importance of this country; however, Syria has high geo-cultural and geo-economic capacities, which can turn into active and multi-faceted activism in Iran's foreign policy strategies in the future if given serious attention. This study seeks to answer the question, what are the most important geo-economic opportunities of Iran in the post-civil war environment of Syria using a descriptive-analytic method and using various library sources. The findings indicated that Syria has various geo-economic capacities such as the location in the Iran-Iraq-Syria-Europe energy corridor (Persin Pipe), the Persian Gulf-Mediterranean land corridor, and also a suitable environment for Iran investment in the oil and mining sectors, with paying attention to Syria's need for extensive reconstruction after the civil war. In fact, Syria can be considered as Iran geo-economic complement in the field of energy export as well as access to European bases.

Power (geopolitical) rivalries in the foreign policy of countries have long had a major impact on the formation of relations between them. Among these, geopolitical foundations are one of the most important variables influencing the formation of foreign policy. The proximity of the Islamic Republic of Iran to various geopolitical and geostrategic regions is one of the most important opportunities related to foreign policy. In order to achieve national goals and interests in its foreign policy, Iran must consider the geopolitical foundations of its geopolitical position and geostrategy, especially in relation to its neighbors. Meanwhile, Turkey, as one of Iran's most important neighbors and actors in the Eurasian region, in order to achieve national goals and interests in its foreign policy, is forced to communicate in various fields and this necessitates the study of relations between the two countries. The present research is applied in terms of the type of research and is qualitative in terms of method which is the type of record-keeping method used. The findings of the research show that in accordance with the policies adopted by both countries in this region, the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of geopolitical components which includes economic, security, cultural components and such in order to achieve maximum national interests has chosen relations with Turkey from interactive to competitive.The Eurasian region has a special place in the policies of regional and supra-regional powers due to its special geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic position. In the meantime, the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey, due to being located in this region, have always tried to take steps towards their national goals by adopting different policies and thereby secure their national interests. Both countries are trying to expand their influence in the region, given the capabilities and limitations of their foreign policy. On the other hand, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the opening of new borders, not only did the military threat against Iran diminish, but it also created a variety of new opportunities for Iran. In addition to common religion, Iran has historical, ethnic and cultural ties with most of the republics of Central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as with some of these countries. Also in terms of geopolitical issues, first, none of these republics has direct access to open waters, and secondly, the Central Asian region is located as a barrier between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation. Therefore, the I. R. Iran must formulate its foreign policy strategy in such a way that by utilizing its geopolitical infrastructure, it can achieve its national interests with Turkey in the Eurasian region. Since every research revolves around one or more key questions due to its research focus, the research questions are:Research Question: What are the effects of the geopolitical foundations of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran on relations with Turkey in Eurasia?Research Hypothesis: In response to the research question, we can say that geopolitical foundations (regional competition, economic, ideological, political and security issues) have dual and contradictory effects on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to Turkey; as it formulates the geopolitical relations between the two countries in an interactive-competitive way.

The present research is qualitative in terms of method. Documentary and library methods have been used to collect reliable and first-hand data. In this way, by identifying the most reliable sources related to the research topic, the files were taken and then analyzed in a logical order. Therefore, the paper has used comparative methods, analysis using library, and documentary data.

The Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey are the main regional actors that play a prominent role in several geographical areas separately in terms of geopolitical weight and identity. Iran and Turkey, using their Iranian-Turkish identity, have sought to influence strategic regions by linking their principles and values to regional issues, in particular the leadership of ideological movements and non-governmental actors. In fact, these two actors are pursuing their national interests in connection with regional policies. Accordingly, instability has become a major feature of bilateral relations. However, ideological differences, geopolitical concerns and regional rivalry between the two countries have sometimes turned into crises. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the limitation of new possibilities and opportunities arising from the developments in Central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as the policies of the West, especially the United States, against Iran's influence in the southern part of the Soviet Union, led to the emergence of new governments.

As discussed earlier, as we move away from the emergence of these new nations in Central Asia and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the governments of Iran and Turkey are aware of the dangers of over-competition especially in the economic and energy sectors (Oil and gas) and also by discovering areas of joint cooperation, including security issues that both countries faced, they have tried to reduce the scope of competition and their relationship towards cooperation or at least a mixture of cooperation and competition. Of course, it should be emphasized that geopolitically, the two countries, despite having sometimes-conflicting interests are forced to cooperate with each other and as the course of relations between the two shows, the two countries cannot have long-term strained relations. In short, the rivalry between Iran and Turkey in Eurasia is not a worrying issue for Iran, especially given the turmoil in the surrounding countries. The Caucasus is more geopolitically important, but Russia’s influence and activities in that region overshadow the sense of rivalry between Iran and Turkey. The same is true of Central Asia. In both regions, Russia remains the main power and its political influence is much greater than that of Iran and Turkey.

The Kurds are genuine Iranian ethnic groups residing on the western borders of the country. The Kurds have two ethnic identities - religious (at the micro level) and Iranian national identity (at the macro level). In different periods before and after the Islamic Revolution, various ethnic-religious riots were created in Kurdish areas, especially in Kurdistan province, Kurdish areas of West Azerbaijan and Oramanat region of Kermanshah province by separatist groups. In the current international and regional conditions, ethnic and religious separatist movements whose activities date back to before and after the Islamic Revolution, are preparing and shifting ethnic identity to ethnic nationalism and Religious identity toward religious extremism and insecurity.The present study was aimed to evaluate and identify the relationship between religious identity and security in Oramanat region of Kermanshah province who were selected by stratified method. The data were collected using a researcher-made written questionnaire. The research sample was 359 Kurdish residents aged 15 to 65 years (Sunni religion) in Oramanat region of Kermanshah province who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were also analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between religious identity and security in this region. Thus, religious identity can become a barrier against religious extremism and maintain security in these areas.

One of the most important informal occupations in the border cities of Iran is Culbery employment. At present, due to the economic conditions in the city of Sardasht, Colberry is increasing as the job of the majority of the poor people of this city. The present study investigates and analyzes the economic reasons for the tendency of the people of Sardasht to work in Culbery.

The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Library methods, electronic resources and field studies, interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect information and data. A total of 160 Colbranes from Sardasht were selected as the research sample based on snowball sampling. Findings were analyzed using SPSS 26 software using percentage and frequency and chi-square test and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha (value 0.70).

The results of the chi-square test indicate that there is a difference between the reason for employment with Culbery and the variables; There is no significant relationship between gender, place of birth, reason for migrating to the city, number of family members, level of education, type of goods mainly transported, monthly expenses, way of getting acquainted and entering the Culbery job and income fluctuations of the Culbery job in different seasons. But between the cause of colibri tendency and age, the previous job is also variable; There is a significant relationship between marital status, monthly salary, second source of income and apart from Culbery, future job, job security, job satisfaction and duration of Culbery employment with the reasons for inclination to Culbery.

The results of multivariate linear regression show that 35% of the dependent variable changes are due to independent variables that have been entered into the final model and the test value to determine the significance of the effect of independent variables on the causes of Culbery employment tendency 0.000 With a significance

New technologies have created a space called cyberspace. This space is not virtual, but completely real, and man has simulated all the phenomena of the real space of his life in this space. This space brings together individuals and international actors and brings together political and economic structures of a cyber nature, without any geographical distance, so that countries, intergovernmental organizations and multinationals interact with each other without any intermediate borders. In fact, we are witnessing the hegemony of cyberspace over all aspects of human life. This study explains the concept of power in cyberspace in the international space. Given the importance of social power in national power and cyberspace, which has emerged as a territory in the world system. popular theories in the social sciences, the government does not consider society as a unit of analysis but shows that countries Developed with technology by using cyberspace to apply their social power softly with the help of planting theory to countries that are not developed Developed countries in this spaceless space with hard space terminals in hand Virtually, they apply their social values ​​to the minds of the people of underdeveloped countries in a soft and enveloping way and draw their mind maps for better exploitation and carefree management. This paper shows that the global cyber environment is a social platform for exercising the hegemony of developed countries.

All countries depending on their scope and number of the population have regional diversity that sometimes includes a variety of economic and political regionalism in view of type, depth and environmental perception of territorial officials. In both cases, the stability of political system is threatened. Thus, the effort for the existence of the political and spatial units in the form of protection of national integrity and territorial unity has always been one of the top priorities of all regimes. The research findings show that when justice in distribution of the opportunities in national scale declines due to the cultural incongruity, regional divergence will rise. In this regard, the governments depending on the type of the threats adopt different security strategies. The majority of the population of South east Turkey lives across Dajlah and Furat Rivers and are Kurds who fight with the central government for several past decades now. During this time, the territorial officials of this country have sought to make use of the water potentialities of this area to pave the ground for the development of Kurd regions and enhance the convergence. The current essay which is descriptive-analytic in nature and its required data have been collected from the library is based on the hypothesis that the hydropolitic strategy of Turkish territorial officials for economic development of Kurd regions of southeast Anatolia is focused on the protection of territorial integrity and reducing the underlying supports of the regionalist Kurd currents. The results show that the leaders of Turkey not only are benefitted from the economic outcomes of the development of hydro-structures and substructures rather they also pursue taking advantage of the geographical and engineering elements for the preservation and fortification of national integrity and territorial unity.

Cities, as centers of communication and global transportation, are the main centers of domestic and international migration, transportation, communications and economic activities. Therefore, today, with the development of cities and the diversity and complexity of different sets of systems, it is necessary to pay attention to modern technologies to identify and analyze these issues. In the case of urban issues, especially the development of sustainable urban security, GIS can monitor the growth and development of the urban environment, identify trends and directions of growth, feasibility and routing of transportation networks, location of various urban applications, zoning design and preparation Comprehensive, detailed and fluid designs provide good performance. Therefore, due to the importance of the use of GIS in addressing the issues of sustainable urban development, the aim of this study was and therefore in this study, the applications of GIS in the development of sustainable urban security with emphasis on the metropolis of Tabriz. Due to the descriptive nature of the research, library sources and previous researches were cited. During the research, maps (Tabriz metropolis) output of GIS were used to confirm more. The results show that GIS can be used to achieve the goals of sustainability and sustainable security in this metropolis. So it is clear, with comprehensive and thoughtful use of GIS technology, city managers in the metropolis of Tabriz will be able to cultivate skilled and experienced human resources that by emphasizing their expertise, it will be possible to take care and manage valuable resources.

The pursuit and construction of superstructures by the rulers has a special place in the process of nation Building of many countries. In post-Soviet countries, rulers have sought to politically manage space and maintain social influence and control over the past two decades to demonstrate their legitimacy by building large water-based infrastructures. The Rogun Dam in Tajikistan is a superstructure on the Vakhsh River, which if built at 335 meters, is the highest dam in the world, providing the country's energy self-sufficiency. By presenting a geopolitical conception of national progress and pride, these identities have been able to play a role in the emergence and empowerment of nationalist discourse in this country. The present article is based on the hypothesis that the symbolic meaning of the Rogun Dam in the geopolitical code nationalization process is to explain the Tajik government's insistence over the past two decades to complete this costly and tense plan with neighboring countries. The information required for the research is collected by the library method and the methodology governing the text is descriptive-analytical in nature. The results showed that the idea of building the Rogun Dam enables Tajik political elites to divert people's attention from internal challenges, promising them a better future, arousing a sense of national pride and increasing their legitimacy, the country's survival and guarantee the government. Uzbekistan's opposition to the construction of the Rogun Dam could also be used as a kind of hydro political confrontation to strengthen national solidarity against the Uzbek enemy. Because those who challenge its construction are the enemy of the nation.

The advent of photography and cinema, along with the development of technical tools for reproducing and disseminating images, has given many geographical spaces a great virtual appearance and confrontation with the public, a process that can be described as the “democratization” of space. In this process, the formation of a structure of all geographical spaces is represented. At least four factors must be used for parallelism: Duplication, Pluralization, Diversity, and Multiplicity. Matchmaking is an effort to produce and reproduce all features and characteristics of a space. Pluralism means the possibility of the presence of all opportunities in a space without a centrist force. Divergence also refers to centrifugal flow, based on which collectivism and pluralism are made and ultimately suffocation refers to a way in which there is no sign of separation, uniformity and assimilation. These four factors are an attempt to eliminate discrimination and inequality in the homogeneous distribution of space. This means that the four factors must be used to break the center-periphery relationship and centralize one space and marginalize other spaces. A central space tries to highlight its features and coordinates and turn it into an “audit center” and reduce spatial diversity. Cinema deals with both ways of parallelizing and distributing inequalities. In other words, on the one hand, cinema can give space to the marginal spaces of opportunity and create a democratic space and it can also move towards justifying and showing the superiority of the central space in opposition to the “other space”. How spatial representations are represented in cinema is a matter of linking cinema and geography. Slavoj Žižek, the Slovenian post-Marxist philosopher, transformed the Hollywood film industry and its political-spatial developments by categorizing the American theatrical process from 1990 to 2001 after being affected by the September 11 attacks. He divides it into “Truman’s” and “Matrix’s” plays and explores the ideological and dramatic coordination of Americans’ understanding of the world after 9/11. Truman is a 1998 comedy, sci-fi, and drama film directed by Peter Lindsay Weir and starring Jim Carrey. The film depicts the life of a man whose life is being broadcast on television 24 hours a day for millions of people around the world without his knowledge. The film’s plot revolves around a middle-class man who, after a while, realizes what he has in mind about his happy and promising life. It’s a TV show. The Matrix is ​​a 1999 science fiction film written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers. The film narrates the existence of human beings as fictional realities that are constructed by man-made machines and nourished by the human mind and energy. According to Žižek, both films represent the real-life credentials of everyday life in the United States and question “simulated reality” and represent “the Ultimate American Paranoid Fantasy”. Media is recognized as a powerful and influential tool in today’s world that directs the flow of power generation in space. Cinema and film have become an important tool for competing on a variety of national and transnational scales as one of the important pillars of the media which have the power to persuade, motivate and lead to uncertainty. Therefore, research on the relationship between geopolitics and cinema, which began with post-modern approaches and especially with the influence of the Frankfurt School, follows a study of how to represent the action and response of geopolitical foundations in film circles and its external effects are on the audience. The present study, by using discourse and narrative analyses of three selected films, Rambo 2 (1985), Unwanted Injury (2002), and Fall (2012), seeks to explore how Russian geopolitical foundations are represented in Hollywood cinema. The results of this study indicate that discourses such as the cold War, non-construction, unorganized space, Russia-China-Iran triangle, and tensions seem to be the most important elements of geopolitical representations of Russia in Hollywood cinema. In these films, the location of the film’s screenplays is the same locations proposed by classical geopolitical theorists such as Halford John Mackinder and Nicholas John Spykman; places such as Hartland and Rimland, or spaces where hostile geopolitics survived the cold War. It is reminiscent of Russia, Cuba, and Colombia. Hollywood also needs to represent these strategic locations as “geopolitical tensions”. From a geopolitical point of view, Hollywood cinema seems to have “hegemonic representations” that produce in the minds of the audience a “new consensus” and a ‘new interpretation” of the world map.

Many of the frontier river basins in the world are simultaneously recognized as key engines of regional economic development, major livelihoods sources, as well as critical biodiversity conservation areas. These benefits often create a competitive role for governments and challenge them. Given the geographical location, strategic location of Iran and the presence of common water basins, the use of border and transboundary water diplomacy is considered as an essential tool for managing water crisis and adaptation to the problems caused by dehydration in the country. Based on this, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to write the present research. The findings of the research show that the only tool for organizing the situation in the current situation in Zaza Mazzi is the correct use of water diplomacy. The results of the research show that the formulation of water diplomacy by the Islamic Republic of Iran with the country is one of the requirements that should be pursued with seriousness in the future, using positive capacities and using the principles of international law, in order to address the situation of the Zabul border town before it arrives. The crisis can be solved with easier and less costly Scenarios.

For successes in now competitive world, utilizing of skills in management is essential. Also effective managers are most important and rare source of every institution/ community that institution/ community’s failure in optimum exploiting of resources could be related to unusable management of that. Thus, attending to importance of managers managing style is to the point that experts believe, if must be happen an effective and sustainable organization change, management culture of the organization should be changed. In rural area as a local community, from the last decades, local managers had a key and important role in rural management. In traditional attitude, local managers guide people based on this view that they are unable for changing themselves and community. In the event that, in new attitude, however managers as leader are known as effective element of community’s changes, rural people could be effective in changing themselves and their community because of having the necessary capabilities, such as the power of the individual, social and economic status. Creating a systematic change of rural communities to collaborate and move in the direction towards progress and excellence, is one of natural results of the rural management leadership effectiveness. Each group in the rural community efforts to collaborate and share their experiences for Rural Development. But in the meantime, for the realization of this goal it’s needed to management of human and natural systems, and facilitate the realization of this collaboration.

This research practical and developed study was conducted using descriptive-analytic methods. Data was collected through the documents library and field studies carried with the help of the questionnaire that designed and implemented based on management styles in form of Likert Spectrum. According to them, the four management styles among managers of Zaringol Dehestan from Aliabad Township and based on Likert scale was measured. After designing the research made questionnaire and its validity confirming by elites and experts, its reliability were examined that based on the Cronbach's alpha, its reliability level is 0.76. Based on Cochran’s formula with the five percent sample error in 9733 population of case study area, 247 householders were selected as sample community that by modifying number of samples in some rural point, increased to 269 Inventory.

The results of index management style analyzing, show that consultative management style is the common and prevailing attitude among most villages of the case study area. Also, there is meaningful direct correlation with moderate-intensity between managerial style and rural people participation. So by increasing the tendency of managers to consultation management style, the participation of villagers in the village and a sense of responsibility in the village rises. For analyzing the five aspects of management style builder including: confidence, motivation, interaction, communication, and decision on the participation had been used of multiple regression. Then adjusted coefficient of determination is equal to 0.74 that respectively, suggested a role of independent variables in explaining the variance of the dependent variable. According to amount of F, independent variable are able to explain the depended variable changes so well. Also, B amount show that among 5 aspect of management style factors, interaction and confidence, had most efficiency on participation attracting and other aspect including to: decision communication and motivation are in next level of importance on participation attracting in rural area.

Management of rural development in Iran has faced to numerous challenges and structural problems from the past decade until now. On the one hand, the traditional management structure in rural areas wasn’t able to solving the problems due to the changing conditions and time circumstances and on the other hand, the new management structure in rural areas based on people's participation and bottom-up planning, for various reasons, including non-native and widespread government intervention and … could not solve today's problems in rural areas. At the same time, management styles through of variant aspects and indicators could help rural people's participation in rural development realization. So, management styles could be categorized to different patterns from expert opinion and based on variables such as the amount of communication, interaction, motivation, interests, change, decision-making and leadership and provide or forecasts different participatory and presence status for stakeholders of development. Today in rural management, despite efforts to establish collaborative structure, low average of some indicators such as interaction, confidence, decision-making and orientation cause to failure of traditional pattern and increasing tendency to participatory management's patterns. In the case study area of research, based on the results, the dominant paradigm of management is advisory management style and regression test results indicate a correlation between management styles and their impact on the participation of villagers in the village and approve this communication. Based on the results also, management style have important effect on attracting and promotion of the participation indicators of villagers. So, by increase in the averages of participative management styles indexes, imperative management decrease and participation had been improved. The results could be taken in line with previous research in this field such as Mirlotfi and Kheirabadi (2009) and Dina (2013) and the others that account management as a lever of influence on improving the performance, participation and organizational development. According to the results, the study offers could be adjusted and presented in the form of the following:- Using of young and participative managers- Using of educated managers- Using of experienced managers- Training the positive and negative points of different management styles to managers and also the ways of attracting the rural people participation to them before they appointment.

Country divisions are referred to as the process of dividing the country into smaller units, in order to facilitate its administration, distribution of facilities and public services, control over land space and facilitate the exercise of state sovereignty. In other words, every government has the inevitability of managing its territorial territory and exploiting it, boosting the talents and capabilities of the regions, creating favorable conditions for improving the economic, social, political and ... state and security of the country. Divide into smaller units. Based on this, the present study is applied in terms of its purpose and is a survey in terms of its implementation. The information gathering method in this research is a web-based and field-based library method, and a descriptive-analytical survey method has been used in terms of how the results are processed and interpreted and in accordance with the qualitative strategy. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: What are the factors affecting the promotion of levels of country divisions in the cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari? The results indicate that in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, factors such as deprivation and underdevelopment of the region, geographical location and natural status of the province, remoteness and poor access of villagers to service centers and ... have played a role in national divisions.

Elections have become one of the most important forms of political participation of citizens of a country in democracies. In the process of this important process, people choose their delegates or representatives through their votes, but how they do this and how they can enter the elections in different countries and democracies. Currently, in most democracies in the world, people are referring to people's choices to elect actors in important areas such as parliament, presidency, city council, and so on. The political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on religious democracy, is no exception to this rule. On this basis, the electoral system of each country determines the playing field and the competition that exists between various political groups, because the electoral law determines the distribution of power among parties and political groups in each society. The purpose of the paper is to examine the extent of participation in the eleventh presidential election in Semnan province relative to the country's total average. Therefore, in this article, descriptive-analytic research method has been used. The results of the research show that the participation rate has always been a constant and growing trend in Semnan province, which can be attributed to the high degree of development in this province.

Today, citizenship rights is one of the main requirements of democracy. The transition from military-authoritarian regimes towards a democratic governance has shown the necessity of paying profound to civil rights. Hence, investigation of civil rights in urban governance can demonstrate important aspects of the quality of democracy dispersion in urban areas. The present study examined four indicators of "accountability", "transparency", "meritocracy" and "legalism" in the political management of metropolitan of Tehran and has tried to analyze the rights of citizens in the municipality of Tehran as the governing body and the city government. The study is an applied and descriptive survey. The sample of citizens selected according to the number of statistically based sampling formula Cochran, a total of 513 residents of the 6th district of Tehran. The number of regions in 2015 selected on the basis of cluster sampling method. The results show that on the basis of indicators of the research, satisfaction of citizens' civil rights has fallen and indicator of "legalism" is better than the three other indices, generally.

Globalization is the most prominent feature of our time, which creates the requirements for wider regional cooperation. Regionalism is a complement to globalization, and it can protect countries to the extent that they negatively affected by globalization. The Islamic
Republic of Iran cannot be exempted from this rule. Iran can promote its position in global equations with effective presence in regional trends, taking advantage of this advantage. Nevertheless, the emphasis on which regionalization dimension will guarantee Iran's long-term success? In this regard, if "politics and security" prioritized, based on the theory of new realism, which sees the international arena in chaos, it can be the powerful actors will gain its interests. But with the focus of geo-economic foundations, given that the logic of the international system after the Cold War is economic, and subsequently the substantial volume of the components of power at the national and international levels appears within the framework of economic benefits, economic diplomacy can be exploited Achieve international goals and opportunities. ECO aimed at expanding trade and economic cooperation between its member countries, and also taking into account its advantages for our country, such as social solidarity, including linguistic, religious and cultural affiliations, geographic proximity, as well as Iran's centrality towards it, There are many potential capacities to better utilize its high capacity in order to better benefit of Iran.