اقبال زارعی

The present study was conducted to understand the lived experience of mothers of children with recovered ADHD. This research is a qualitative case study of the phenomenological type. Since the aim of this study was to explore the participant's lived experience, a phenomenological approach was utilized. The participant was selected using purposive sampling. She is 35 years old and has a child with ADHD. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured and in-depth interviews, and the information was recorded. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used for data analysis. The emerging themes were the experience being exhausting and challenging, the impact on the family, realizing the need for help, practicing self-care, specific strategies for aiding learning, acceptance, coordination between parents, and maintaining a consistent parenting style.

The participant considers this experience to be frustrating and challenging, feeling repeatedly tested by her child's behaviors. However, contrary to the findings of many studies, she does not perceive this experience as stressful. This is because she has managed to reduce her vulnerability to distressing emotions and enhance her positive emotions by learning distress tolerance skills such as active acceptance, the stop technique, and relaxation exercises.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between family members in the post-corona period based on the goals of developing a successful and healthy family in the horizon of 1410 and in accordance with Setir's point of view and the use of future research and scenario writing techniques. Scenario writing first started and developed in the military field, and then it was used in other sciences. This research is of a qualitative type and the statistical population of the research was experts, and 12 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method and they cooperated in advancing the research goals at different times. The tool used in this research was a semi-structured interview, which was determined by the use of Mic Mac and Scenario Wizard software, and by using the statistical methods of mutual analysis and scenario writing, the communication scenarios of family members in the post-corona period. The results of the research showed that in the horizon of 1410 successful and healthy families and in line with Satir's point of view, there are eight scenarios in the field of relationships between family members, which include four strong scenarios (positive communication, respecting privacy, communicating with family and friends, and practicing skills positive thinking) and four possible scenarios (effective interactions, supporting each other, setting goals and planning and practicing communication skills).

Bullying represents one of the most harmful and aggressive forms of misconduct, prevalent in many school environments. This behavior can have lasting and detrimental effects on both the individual being bullied and the bully themselves, contributing to a range of psychological issues, emotional distress, and even physical harm. Within the school context, bullying is a persistent issue that significantly impacts students' lives, shaping their experiences and influencing their mental well-being and academic performance.Bullying can take on multiple forms, encompassing verbal and physical aggression, threats, ridicule, and coercion. It often includes direct harassment, verbal abuse, and hostile behaviors intended to intimidate, isolate, or demean others. This behavior can also manifest in subtler forms, such as threatening body language or expressions that convey contempt or hostility. Through these varied behaviors, bullying not only disrupts the victim’s sense of safety and self-worth but can also affect the overall school climate, leading to a hostile environment that impacts all students.The significance of addressing bullying is critical, as unchecked bullying can lead to a cycle of aggression and retaliation that escalates the intensity of the misconduct over time. Research has shown that bullying not only leads to psychological harm in victims—such as anxiety, depression, and decreased self-esteem—but can also reinforce negative behaviors in bullies, increasing their likelihood of engaging in other forms of delinquent or antisocial behavior.In response to this pervasive issue, the current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of anger management training based on cognitive approaches in reducing impulsivity among male bully students. By addressing impulsivity, a known predictor of aggressive and bullying behaviors, this intervention seeks to equip students with cognitive tools to recognize, regulate, and redirect their anger in healthier, less destructive ways. This approach focuses on helping bully students develop skills in self-awareness, emotional regulation, and constructive communication, ultimately fostering a shift toward more prosocial behavior. 

This study utilized a quasi-experimental design, incorporating pretest, posttest, a control group, and a two-month follow-up to assess the effectiveness of cognitive-based anger management training on reducing impulsivity in male bully students. The statistical population included male bully students enrolled in the first year of high school in Bandar Abbas during the 2019-2020 academic year. Through purposive sampling, 30 male students exhibiting bullying behaviors were selected and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, with each group initially containing 15 students.The experimental group participated in eight intervention sessions, each lasting 75 minutes, over the course of one month. These sessions focused on anger management techniques based on the cognitive approach as outlined by Shokouhi Yekta and Kakabaraei (2017). However, during the study, 2 students from the experimental group and 3 from the control group discontinued participation, leaving a final sample of 25 students—13 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group.The study employed two primary assessment tools: the Illinois Bullying Scale (IBS), developed by Espelage and Holt (2001), to measure bullying behavior, and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), established by Barratt, Stanford, Kent, and Felthous (2004), to assess impulsivity levels. Data collected from these tools were analyzed using Mixed ANOVA in SPSS-23 software, a statistical method chosen due to the study’s structure, which involved two groups (experimental and control) and three measurement points (pretest, posttest, and follow-up). This approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of the intervention's short- and long-term effects on impulsivity in bully students. 

The results demonstrated that cognitive-based anger management training had a significant impact on reducing impulsivity among male bully students (p < 0.001). Descriptive findings further revealed a decrease in mean impulsivity scores and its specific dimensions among students who exhibited bullying behaviors. Importantly, these reductions were sustained during the two-month follow-up period, indicating that the intervention's effects persisted over time. Consequently, the bullying behaviors of these students did not revert to pre-intervention levels, suggesting that cognitive-based anger management may be an effective long-term strategy for mitigating impulsive tendencies and associated aggressive behaviors in bullying students. 

The findings of this study suggest that cognitive-behavioral anger management training is an effective method for reducing impulsivity in male students who engage in bullying behaviors. By focusing on key areas such as anger management skills, practical techniques, and cognitive self-instruction, this approach enables students to manage their anger more constructively. Specifically, cognitive-behavioral training helps bullying students recognize and understand the thoughts and emotions related to anger and bullying, increases their tolerance for anger-provoking situations, and raises their awareness of related physiological changes.This training encourages students to improve social cognition through techniques like relaxation exercises, positive self-talk, and assertiveness skills. As a result, they experience a reduction in impulsive behaviors, which also decreases their tendency to engage in bullying. Moreover, cognitive-based anger management training equips students with alternative ways to express emotions, fostering more adaptive and non-aggressive forms of self-expression. This approach teaches effective coping strategies, students who undergo this training are less likely to exhibit anger, irritability, and impulsive aggression.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a unified transdiagnostic Treatment protocol on emotion regulation and the quality of family relationships among Online video game-dependent female adolescents aged between 12 and 15. this research was conducted  with a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design, with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The study's statistical population consisted of all female students of the first secondary level of Bandar Abbas city in the academic year 2022-2021. Among this  statistical population, 34 students were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Participants responded to the Online Game Addiction Questionnaire by Wang and Chang (2009), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - Short Form (CERQ-P-Short), and the Family Relationships Quality Questionnaire (Semnani, 2021). The experimental group underwent the metacognitive intervention as a group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes were arranged. The  Data were analyzed using repeated measures covariance analysis via the SPSS-24 statistical software. The results indicated that the unified transdiagnostic protocol significantly influenced emotional regulation (P < 0.01; Eta = 0.81; F = 132.93) and the quality of family communication (P < 0.01; Eta = 0.84; F = 170.18) among adolescent girls addicted to online video games in the pretest until the follow-up stage.Based on the findings of this study, the unified transdiagnostic treatment protocol can be used as an effective method to improve emotion regulation and the quality of family relationships.

This cross-sectional study proposed a model of job calling and collected data using spiritualty calling, job calling, job crafting, job well-being and job flow questionnaires. The model was evaluated in AMOS-21 and SPSS-21 using structural equation modeling. The path coefficients of job calling toward spiritualty calling, job crafting and job flow and those of job crafting toward job well-being and job flow were positive and significant. Using the bootstrap procedure showed the indirect effects of job calling on job well-being and job flow through job crafting. Job calling should be considered in recruiting teachers given the positive effects of job calling on job crafting, job well-being and job flow of teachers and positive effects of aligned job calling with organizational objectives on organizational efficiency. Acquainting teachers with the structure and applications of job calling is also crucial.

This research aimed to examine the relationship between thinking and problem-solving styles with marital satisfaction in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women who had experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse in Yazd city. Among them, 150 individuals were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method. The research was designed as a descriptive correlational. To collect data, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Fowers & Olson, 1989), Thinking Styles Questionnaire (Sternberg and Wagner, 1991), and Problem-Solving Styles Questionnaire (Cassidy and Long, 1996) were implemented. The data were analyzed by applying Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression as main statistical procedure. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction, legislative thinking, executive thinking, hierarchical thinking, anarchic thinking, local thinking, introvert thinking, extrovert thinking and effective problem-solving styles. The results also revealed that marital satisfaction was significantly and negatively correlated with judicial thinking, monarchic thinking and inefficient problem solving styles. And that there was not existed a significant correlation between monarchic thinking, global thinking, liberal thinking, conservative thinking styles and marital satisfaction. The findings also showed that legislative thinking, hierarchical thinking, local thinking, introvert thinking, effective and inefficient problem-solving styles predicated 56.9 percent of the marital satisfaction variance (p<0.001). Other variables were not able to predict the marital satisfaction. Therefore, some of the thinking styles and problem solving styles in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural misbehaviors could improve marital satisfaction by taking advantage of proper social and cultural contexts.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural relationships of rumination with the mediation of body image on the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder. This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The statistical population of this research was all women with bulimia nervosa disorder who referred to counseling and psychology centers of Tehran city in the spring of 2022 year. The sample of the present study was 260 people who were selected according to the inclusion criteria with using the purposeful sampling method. The research tools were included the rumination questionnaire of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991), anxiety subscale of the stress, anxiety and depression scale of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) and body image concern inventory of Littleton et al (2005). The data of this study were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis methods in SPSS-21 and LISREL-8.8 software. The findings showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between rumination, anxiety and body image concern in people with bulimia nervosa disorder (P<0.01). In addition, rumination model with the mediation of body image concern on the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder had a good fit. Also, the effect of rumination on the anxiety was significant (P<0.001), but the effect of rumination on the body image concern and the effect of body image concern on the anxiety was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the effect of rumination with the mediation of body image concern on the anxiety was not significant (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, in order to reduce the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder can be used by educational workshops prepare the ground for reducing rumination.

The purpose of this research was the relationship between job calling on job success and mastery of instructional practices while mediating job crafting and professional commitment among teachers of Karman City. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all teachers working in Kerman city in 2021. The sample consisted of 283 teachers who were selected by the multiple-stage sampling method. Job Calling Questionnaires (JCQ, Dobrow & Tosti-Kharas, 2011), Job Successes Questionnaire (JSQ, Grebner et al., 2008), Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS, Midgley et al., 2000), Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCQ, Laurence, 2010) and Professional Commitment Questionnaire (PCQ , Allen and Meyer, 1990) were used to collect the data. The findings showed that the coefficients of the direct paths of job calling to perceived career success, job crafting, professional commitment, and training orientation; Also, job crafting is perceived as career success and training orientation; professional commitment to perceived career success and mastery instructional practices were significant (p<0.01). findings indicated that job calling on perceived job success and mastery instructional practices through job crafting, as well as job calling on mastery instructional practices through professional commitment, and job calling on mastery instructional practices through professional commitment was significant (p<0.01). The fit index also showed that the study model had a good fit. Therefore, job crafting and professional commitment play a mediating role in the relationship between job calling, job success, and mastery of instructional practices.

Child marriage is one of the social phenomenon and can cause many injuries. To deal with the injuries of this phenomenon, it is necessary to know its consequences. The present study was conducted to identify the consequences of child marriage. The research method was a phenomenological study. The study population was all women with child marriage experience in Tehran province 15 people were selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods and the selection of samples went to saturation stage. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded and written word by word and were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. In the coding stage, 12 sub-themes were identified and then the sub-themes were conceptually put together and 5 main themes were identified. The results showed that child marriage can cause injuries to personal and marital health. In addition, women in child marriage experience may experience injuries such as anxiety and social isolation, dropout and unemployment, and economic dependence. According to the research findings, child marriage is traumatic and can have irreparable consequences on personal, marital, family, and social life. The results of this research can have many practical implications.

Validity Scale Validation can help identify coronavirus disease patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19.

This study is instrumental psychometrics that the statistical population includes all patients in 19 cases in Tehran. The number of samples was determined based on psychometric criteria to be 100 for the predictive validity section and 251 for the convergence validity section. Samples were selected by cluster sampling. Research data were collected electronically through two questionnaires of happiness (Oxford) and happiness of positive psychological characteristics by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones. To evaluate the validity of the scale, content validity, convergence, and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency methods and class reliability.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consists of three factors and has good validity and reliability. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the three-factor model. This questionnaire was administered along with the short form of the Oxford Happiness Scale, which had 13 items of good reliability and validity.

The Oxford Happiness Scale in COVID-19 patients can be used to assess happiness in COVID-19 patients.

Validation of the tools used for assessing the quality of life (QoL) can help address the problems of patients with COVID-19 in Iran. Therefore, this study aims to validate the electronic form of the Persian version of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire for Iranian patients with COVID-19.

This is a psychometric study. The study population included all patients with COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. Samples were selected by a cluster sampling method. In this regard, 100 patients were selected for determining the criterion validity and 330 were selected for assessing the convergence validity. The research data were collected electronically by using Hlubocky et al.’s HRQoL questionnaire and the World Health Organization quality of life-BREEF (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire. Content validity, convergence validity, and factor analysis methods were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian HRQoL. The reliability was assessed by internal consistency and split-half methods.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire had two factors. It had also good validity and reliability. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed its two-factor structure. Its score had good relationship with the score of WHOQoOL-BREF.

The electronic form of the Persian HRQoL can be used to assess the QoL of patients with COVID-19 in Iran.

with the aim of The characteristics of the premarital counseling model were identified among remarriage applicanst.The purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics of the premarital counseling model among remarriage applicants and develop a local premarital counseling model for them. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The statistical population is divided into two sections, the first section included couples living in Tehran city, who were selected using purposeful and voluntary sampling, and then 21 couples were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. The second part included 8 professors of counseling and psychology in the field of marriage and family, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball to validate the model. The contextual method (open, central, selective coding) was used to analyze the findings. Based on interviews and Islamic texts, the category of multi-axis recognition and evaluation was considered as a core category and the five general axes of counseling before remarriage include; 1- Intrapersonal axis 2- Interpersonal axis 3- Family axis 4- Children axis 5- Social axis and has a regular and consistent process of evaluation and recognition, intervention, summation and conclusion. The results showed that based on the mentioned components, a local and comprehensive model can be implemented for couples applying for marriage. This model can be used in counseling centers to inform and empower families and applicants, and on the other hand, it can be used to prepare educational content for counseling students and holding pre-marriage counselor training courses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth mindset intervention on academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in twelfth grade students in Minab city. The statistical population of this study is all the twelfth grade students of Minab city in 1399, 40 students were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups of 20 as a sample of the study. Both groups were subjected to pre-test, post-test and. The growing mind training program consisted of 7 two-hour sessions. The participants in the experimental group received an intervention, but the control group did not receive any intervention and only underwent pre-test, post-test and. The research instruments include the Clark Academic grit Questionnaire (2017), Yuwanto (2013) Academic flow Questionnaire, and Schreiner, Pothoven, Nelson & McIntosh (2009) Academic thriving Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance; The results showed that the growth mindset intervention has led to increased academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in the experimental group (p < 0.05 ). Based on the results, it is suggested that a growing mind training program be taught to students.

Suicidal behaviors and self-harmful are one of the phenomena that has created a major challenge for mental health. Self-assessment in adolescents usually expresses high psychological distress. The prevalence of this problem indicates adolescents’ discontent, that has lots of effects on the other family members and friends. Self-assessment without suicide intention is actually self-employed or any kind of action that harms a person, but in this person, there is no intention to die, and ultimately, suicide behavior is without the intention of suicide, which causes suicide without having a person to finish his life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents to answer the questions of if the dialectical treatment affects the beatings and tolerance of distress.

The present study was a quasi-experiment with pretest post-test with control group and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents referring to Bandar Abbas counseling clinics with a history of self-harmful behaviors. In this study, 30 patients were selected by voluntary and targeted non-targeted sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) experimental group of dialectics treatment in 12 sessions of 2 hours received. The questionnaires used in this study included self-harmful behaviors questionnaire (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009) and distress tolerance questionnaire (Simmons and Gahr, 2005). Data from the research was analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA.

The results showed that Dialectical behavior therapy based on Dimeff and Linehan (2008) therapy package on the experimental group has been effective in beating and tolerating distress in adolescents, since this treatment has been successful in improving self-harmful behaviors and tolerance of distress. Also, the results showed that dialectical behavioral therapy remained fixed on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents in follow-up stage

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that dialectical behavioral therapy can be used as an effective therapeutic treatment for improving the behavior of self-esteem and tolerance in adolescents with a history of self-regulation by educating the skills of excitement, tolerance of distress, conscious mind are being used. Dialectical behavior training can be effective in reducing self-control behaviors. The results of this study with the findings of Chesli et al (2020), Abooutorabi Kashani et al (2020), Saffarinia et al (2015), zamani (2014), ghorbani (2018), Tabatabayi (2021), alavi (2012), Peymannia et al (2019) is a coherent research. Explaining the findings, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes learning resilience against pain in a skillful way, and it can be concluded that disturbed behaviors that are targeted in teaching dialectical behavior therapy skills to endure and survive in crises. And accepting life as it is in the present moment, and these strategies in the form of turning attention (when engaging in self-harming behavior), calming down (in time of distress), improving the moment, and thinking about the benefits and harms of self-injurious behavior.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling of choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people. The statistical population included married people (men and women in the first two years of marriage) who had referred to family counseling centers in Urmia due to conflict. The number of 20 people who had low scores in the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Enrich, 1999) were randomly selected. Simple were divided into experimental and control groups. In this study, the Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983) has been used. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and Beferroni post hoc tests. The dysfunctional conflict of married individuals showed significant (P ˂.01). The result continued in the follow-up phase. Therefore, group counseling based on choice theory can be used to adjust dysfunctional (avoidant, domineering) conflict resolution styles of married people in the first two years of marriage.

Objective :

This study aims to determine the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship of distress tolerance and self-compassion with health-promoting behaviors.

Methods:

 The is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020 on 306 adults in Bandar Abbas, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were Simmons and Gaher’s distress tolerance scale, Raes et al.’s self-compassion scale, and Walker et al.’s health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The analysis was done using the structural equation modeling.

Results :

Adaptive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship of self-compassion and distress tolerance with health-promoting behaviors positively and significantly. The maladaptive emotion regulation strategies only could positively and meaningfully mediate the relationship between distress tolerance and health-promoting behaviors.

Conclusion:

 Considering the role of study variables in promoting health- promoting behaviors, health planners and health providers can take useful steps to improve society’s health.

Remarriage is a chance for people who have lost a spouse to re-experience cohabitation. The aim of this study was to provide a local model of satisfied remarriage.

This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 2020. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.

This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 1399. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.

The extracted concepts were classified into 107 sub-categories and 24 main categories. The main categories were divided into 6 general categories of causal factors, contextual, intervening, strategies, consequences and central category, and finally the central category was selected as "bilateral efforts to increase satisfaction and the continuation of remarriage.

The results of the present study showed that creating a satisfying marriage depends on conscious choice and deep knowledge of each other, honesty and transparency about the issues of the former life and the current marital relationship, and finally a two-way effort to create a lasting life. And this model provided for a stable and satisfied remarriage can be a model and a path for couples. Counselors and psychologists can also help the health of families and the community by designing and implementing appropriate programs based on this model in premarital counseling and couple therapy to increase the duration of remarriage and reduce the number of divorces and the resulting injuries

Remarriage is a chance for couples who have lost their spouse for various reasons to re-experience life together. The aim of this study was to identify the problems and challenges of remarried couples and coping strategies of remarried couples based on the lived experiences of these couples.This research was conducted qualitatively using interpretive phenomenological approach. Research Field (Statistical Society) The present study consisted of married couples in Tehran in 1399. Using purposive sampling method, 21 couples were selected from the couples who met the inclusion criteria, and the research data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews privately from these couples. Based on the analysis of interviews, a total of 18 main categories and 108 sub-categories were obtained as categories of challenges of remarried couples and effective coping strategies of successful couples with stable remarriage in two time periods (when choosing a new spouse and during new life). ) Was categorized. However, successful couples have effective coping strategies that are classified into three levels: individual, couple and family and in two time periods (during the selection of a spouse and the time of new life). It can be concluded that remarriage has many challenges, but couples can create a lasting marriage from the beginning by using appropriate coping strategies to make informed choices and deep knowledge of each other and honesty and transparency about the issues of past life and relationship.

People who report low psychological well-being due to the experience of unpleasant emotions and negative evaluation of life events affect their level of commitment in married life and lead to a tendency to betrayal. Given that the conditions underlying betrayal are provided among students and due to the consequences of the tendency to betrayal in the young generation, identify the factors associated with it and on the other hand study specific treatment approaches in this field that their effectiveness in different samples It has been shown to be an effective step in reducing the tendency to betray. People who report low psychological well-being due to the experience of unpleasant emotions and negative evaluation of life events affect their level of commitment in married life and their quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on psychological well-being and quality of life in married students with a tendency to infidelity.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with an expanded research design (pretest-posttest with two experimental groups and a control group). The statistical population in this study included all married students aged 20-47 years with an average age of 33.5 studying in the Sirjan University in the number of 700 people. Available sampling method was used to select married students with a tendency to betrayal. In the first stage, in order to determine the cut-off point, considering that the scores of the questionnaires are in the range, 30 married students aged 20-47, studying in technical and humanities colleges, were randomly selected as a pilot and then they were asked to Complete the questionnaires of attitudes toward betrayal, psychological well-being and quality of life. After calculating the scores of these thirty people and estimating the mean and standard deviation of the components, the cut-off score was defined. In other words, the cut-off score was found to be two standard deviations above the mean in the attitude to betrayal attitude scale and one standard deviation below the average of the pilot group in the welfare scale. Then, in the first phase of the study, 500 couples aged 47-20 years were selected by convenience sampling method and the attitude toward infidelity questionnaire was administered as the first screening. A total of 183 people who obtained a cut-off score in the Betrayal Attitude Questionnaire were selected and entered the second stage of screening and completed the Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Then, 45 of them were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group). It should be noted that the members completed the profile form containing the contact number to coordinate the meeting, the location of the meetings, completing the questionnaires in the post-test and follow-up phase, as well as the informed consent form to participate in the research. The two experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of two two-hour sessions (once a week) at the Sirjan Branch of Azad University in the second semester of 1997-98. At the end of the sessions, members of all three groups completed the questionnaire as a post-test. In order to remind up to three months, one session was held for the experimental groups every month and after three months in the follow-up phase, they completed the welfare questionnaire. ACT treatment courses were performed in 8 2-hour group sessions per week for experimental groups. For data collection, the short form of Reef Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life Questionnaire of the World Health Organization was used. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Beferroni post hoc test.

Based on the results, the difference between the adjusted means of the two groups in the variables of psychological well-being and quality of life and its dimensions in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage was statistically significant (p≤0.05). The findings also showed that there were significant changes in psychological well-being scores and quality of life in the post-test and follow-up stages in the ACT group.

These findings indicate the usefulness of ACT treatment on psychological well-being and quality of life in married people with a tendency to betrayal. These findings can be promising in planning preventive and therapeutic interventions. However, more controlled studies are needed in this area. This research, like any other research, had limitations in generalizing and interpreting the results as follows. In acceptance and commitment therapy, the emphasis is on increasing the individual's desire to experience internal events as they are. Here, the goal was to help people experience the thought of betrayal only as a thought and instead of responding to it by doing what it is. Life is important for him and in line with his values, that is, the existence of a thought with the content of betrayal was not an issue in itself, but the main issue was the person's attempt to respond to the betrayal thought (ie the act of betrayal). Horror events (such as thoughts of betrayal) are what is called psychological resilience. When a person constantly reminds himself that his life in the present moment requires a behavioral effort in line with goals and values and not focusing on disturbing and imposed thoughts, no doubt reducing the focus on the intensity and frequency of thoughts. Will also be reduced One of the main consequences of the end of this process is to improve the quality of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy enhances the level of psychological flexibility and it is believed that if people have the appropriate psychological flexibility, they can easily overcome their psychological and even social problems. When every human being is trapped in psychological inflexibility, the quality of life declines because the person feels trapped in a context in which valuable things are replaced by thoughts and efforts focused on avoiding worry and negative thoughts. Will not have a favorable living conditions. Continuing a negative assessment of living conditions that are accompanied by inflexible behaviors will simply weaken the quality of life in people. From this perspective, it is natural for married people with a tendency to betrayal to feel that their quality of psychological and social life is poor and undesirable, but when they entered the process of commitment and acceptance of treatment, they learned this type of treatment by relying on metaphorical techniques. To spend less energy on experiential avoidance and instead focus their energy on more flexible behaviors. This path to self-transformation and life in the end provided the basis for improving the quality of life of married students. In this study, compassion-focused therapy increased the quality of mental, social and physical life of the subjects. Creating a non-judgmental, compassionate, flexible and moment-by-moment relationship using mindfulness techniques in interpersonal relationships of couples with the potential for infidelity can Useful forms of mindfulness and creating a satisfied view in people caused them to enjoy their existing relationships and use all their efforts in the marital relationship environment based on value-based goals and thus the quality of their psychological and social life.

The present qualitative study tries to ascertain the goals, criteria and challenges of spouse selection in people with physical-motor disabilities in Borujen in a phenomenological way. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with fourteen single people with physical-motor disabilities in Borujen`s well-being center. The obtained data were analyzed by Claizzi`s method. Six main categories  (purpose of marriage, criteria of choosing a spouse, marriage related concerns, weak family awareness, social stigma and lack of support resources), 22 Sub-themes (Satisfying sexual needs, escape from annoying family situations, a path to security at the face of an uncertain future, getting rid of the feeling of emptiness compared to married siblings, the physical condition of the future spouse, suitable age of the spouse, permanent marriage, having the power of understanding and empathy and having honesty, fear of being abandoned by the spouse, giving birth to a disabled child, non-acceptance from the spouse's family, worrying about not being able to meet the material needs of the spouse, denial of disability, creating obstacles and neglecting the necessity of marriage by family, not believing in the disabled child's ability, fear of the disabled child remaining single, the society's negative view, lack of government support, temporary employment, lack of employment or job compatibility with physical condition) themes were was extracted.

The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

it was a quasiexperimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata who referred to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in the autumn and winter of 2019-2012. 40 women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20). The experimental group received the schema therapy in ten ninetyminute sessions during two months. 4 people from the experimental group were excluded from the study and so were 3 people from the control group. The applied questionnaires in this study included Perfectionism (Hill, et al., 2004), inefficient attitudes scale (Wiseman and Back, 1978), marital conflict (Barati and Sanaie, 1997) and early maladaptive (Yang, 1998). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results showed that schema therapy has significant effect on the Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata (p<0.001). In this way, this treatment has been able to reduce Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that Schema therapy can be used to reduce perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemas.

Academic flow and academic thriving are significant variables in students’ academic achievement that require energy and constant effort in the face of new and challenging situations. Accordingly, the prediction of academic flow and academic thriving based on motivational personality factors is one of the important topics in educational psychology. This study examines the relationships between academic grit, academic flow, and academic thriving mediated by adaptive coping style. The research sample was 300 high school students of Minab, Iran, randomly selected by multi-stage sampling. Academic thriving questionnaire by Schreiner (2009), Academic Flow Scale by Yuwanto (2013), Academic Coping Styles by Skinner et al. (2013), and Academic Grit Scale by Clark and Malecki (2019) were used to collect data. Results indicated that academic grit is directly related to adaptive coping style (b = .22; p < .05), academic flow (b = .31; p < .01), and academic thriving (b = .24; p < .01). Also, the results of the bootstrap analysis revealed a significant indirect relationship between academic grit and academic flow through adaptive coping style (b = .35; p < .05) and a significant indirect relationship between academic grit and academic thriving through adaptive coping style (b = .51; p < .01). The findings showed that academic grit increases academic flow and academic thriving, both directly and indirectly. Consequently, academic grit is an important factor in improving students’ academic flow and academic thriving.

This study explores the psychological factors affecting youth marriage from the perspective of the development of Iran in 2040. The present research, which was conducted using the Delphi method, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all experts in the field of marriage issues. The mentioned specialists have been experts in marriage counseling, marriage psychology, divorce counseling, and marriage sociology. Based on theoretical and practical considerations, 20 experienced marriage experts were identified and interviewed in different cities of Iran. After 20 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews, a researcher-made scale based on expert opinions, and a questionnaire of basic uncertainties were used to collect data. Researchers have developed all three tools, whose validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed in the present study. The collected data were described using descriptive statistics, including frequency, central indices, and dispersion indices. In addition, the Friedman ranking test was used to examine the research questions. Based on the results and in terms of importance, the individual-psychological components affecting future youth marriage were as follows: mutual understanding, couple attachment style, cognitive flexibility, parenting style, intellectual maturity, married life knowledge, and self-awareness. In general, the findings of the present study can help youth marriage-related institutions in designing future plans.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the parenting education packages in reducing social problems and the lack of attention of adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems. The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescent children in Ahvaz in 2020. The research sample consisted of 34 people from the statistical population who were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups (experimental - 17 people and control group - 17 people). The experimental group underwent a developed parenting package for 8 sessions of 75 minutes; two sessions a week. In order to collect data in pre-test and post-test, Achenbach and Rescuela's (2001) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).  The results showed that the developed educational package had a significant effect on the score of social problems (P <0.01, F = 17.240), but this change was not significant in the lack of adolescents' attention (p <0.05, F = 2.923). According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the developed parenting package can be used as an effective intervention to empower parents in solving social problems of adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems.