الهه ناصری

 Problematic internet use is one of the emerging issues in modern societies, and psychological factors play a prominent role in its etiology. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotional regulation deficits with problematic internet use due to the feeling of loneliness.

 The multi-stage cluster method was adopted to select 450 students from the middle schools in Tabriz in the 2022-2023 academic year. Subjects were assessed by the questionnaires of Achenbach's behavioral signs, Barth's impulsivity, Gratz's and Roemer's emotion regulation deficits, Russell's feeling of loneliness and the problematic Internet use by Lopez-Fernandez et al.

 The data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the effects of attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotional regulation deficits on the problematic internet use were mediated by the feeling of loneliness. In addition, the findings revealed that attention deficit, impulsivity, emotion regulation deficit, and loneliness had a positive significant relationship with problematic internet use (P<0.05). The effects of attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotion regulation deficit on loneliness were also significant (P<0.05).

 In sum, the attention deficit, impulsivity, and emotional regulation deficits may have predicted the problematic internet use caused by feeling of loneliness.

Adolescent pregnancy is one of the important challenges of reproductive health. Factors such as family conflict, poor social support, and low self-esteem among adolescent mothers can expose them to postpartum depression. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with birth experience among adolescent mothers.

The present study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 202 adolescent mothers referred to urban and suburban health centers in Tabriz, Iran. Sampling method was census and done in the period of 1 to 3 months after birth in 2022. After checking the eligibility criteria, childbirth experience questionnaire version 2.0 (CEQ 2.0) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were completed through interview. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and logistic regression test.

The mean (SD) of postpartum depression score was 7.5 (5.6) ranging from 0 to 30. The prevalence of postpartum depression and negative birth experience were approximately 23.8% and 11.4%, respectively. After adjusting the effect of possible confounding variables, there was no statistically significant relationship between the negative experience of birth and postpartum depression (p= 0.310). In mothers with unwanted pregnancy compared to mothers with wanted pregnancy, the probability of postpartum depression was 2.22 times higher [Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) = 2.22 (4.71 to 1.05); p= 0.037].

Although in this study, approximately one-fifth of adolescent mothers were exposed to postpartum depression; there was no significant relationship between the negative birth experience and postpartum depression. The results of this study can be used to identify high-risk mothers, especially mothers with unwanted pregnancies, referring them for counseling, and prevent postpartum depression.

In the current volatile and uncertain environment, banks need to expand their tangible and intangible resources and internal capabilities to respond to environmental changes. Therefore, they can achieve macro and long-term goals if they have a codified strategic plan. In this research, the researcher provided a model for explaining business strategy with infrastructure factors and knowledge capabilities on the economic performance of the bank using the data base method. Based on this, the sample of this research is the actors and experts in the field of banking in the country who were selected from among the senior executives of the banking field based in Ilam province. Theoretical sample to be interviewed Based on the theoretical sampling method and using the snowball method, first 6 people were interviewed as the primary target sample and finally 19 people were interviewed until the model reached theoretical saturation. The main findings of the research are presented in two parts: conceptual framework and conceptual model. In this model, in addition to special emphasis on internal factors affecting productivity such as manpower, intellectual capital, as well as the context and structure of technology, Allenver's parameters have been considered, this model increased the efficiency of bank knowledge management and economic performance.

A digital native is someone who is born in the digital age. Computers, mobile phones, and in general, the new technologies have surrounded their lives. Natives are more comfortable using technology, and more skilled than their predecessors. The dependence on technology and hence the use of digital media has led to significant changes in various aspects of the lives of digital natives, one of which is the way information is acquired. This study aimed to investigate the information seeking behavior of digital natives in smart schools in Tehran. 

This research is an empirical research with the qualitative approach. Methods used included literature review and library study, questionnaire and interview. The study unit in the present study is the students of 10th and 11th grade students of Faezun School. At first, 12 students were selected by purposeful sampling method for interview. The data were then collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by coding method. 

Findings showed that the most used sources were databases, Google search, friends, e-books, print books and Wikipedia. But the library is not that important for them as an information source and they don't use it. In terms of the information-seeking process, the findings showed that the search for information in this generation is non-linear and not all follow a specific pattern. Since digital natives have good access to information tools and spend most of their time in digital media, they usually use cyberspace to meet their needs. Possible barriers to accessing information from a digital natives’ perspective include filtering, poor English, poor information literacy skills, low Internet speed, high cost of Internet, and lack of access to quality content in Persian. Other findings regarding the evaluation of information resources showed that digital natives perform well in the evaluation of educational resources but perform poorly in evaluating non-educational resources, for example in the social media space.

The results revealed that digital natives have poor performance in information searching and content assessment skills in social media; considering the importance of the above in information seeking behavior, it is suggested that holding workshops and training courses set it on the agenda related to the items listed.

The appearance of different types of educational technology (Ed Tech) tools has paved the way for teachers and learners in all fields of study including second/foreign language learning in order to use them for making the education and learning process more fruitful and exciting. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of the common WhatsApp group in which participants could have interactions versus the restricted WhatsApp group in which participants did not have any interactions, as two quittances of social network groups on enhancing English Foreign Language (EFL) learners' writing ability with a focus on process analysis type of paragraph writing. In this regard, 64 intermediate EFL learners were homogenized through the administration of the Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and divided into two virtual groups randomly. Next, a paragraph writing pretest was administered, and then both virtual groups received the same treatment and material based on the Model-Practice-Effect instruction cycle. After the treatment sessions, the paragraph writing posttest was administered. Considering the purpose of the study, data analysis indicated that the participants in the common WhatsApp group who had experienced online interaction could significantly outperform the participants in the restricted WhatsApp group.  The results and findings of this study can be useful for second/foreign language learners, teachers, researchers and experts in order to consider and become aware of the critical role of Ed Tech, as well as the central and important role of interaction in improving the quality of language teaching and learning process.

Smoking additionally is one of the risk factors for cancer, can play an important role in the recovery process of cancer patients. This issue is affected by several factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was investigating the role of emotional repression and ego – strength in predicting of smoking and non-smoking in cancer patients. In this research that is a descriptive – correlative and cross-sectional study, from the cancer patients who referred to the chemotherapy part in Vali-e-Asr hospital in Tabriz during the April and May months of 2017, 120 patient were selected using the available sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Weinbergeret.al Adjustment Inventory (WAI) (1979) and Markstrom et.al Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (PIES). Data were analyzed using software SPSS 21 and Logistic regression method. Findings Showed that among the components of emotional repression, subjective experience of distress (β= -0.12) can predict smoking. The regression model of emotional repression for 73/3 percent of participants correctly predicted the results. About ego – strength, hope (β= -0.16) and purpose (β= -0.14) are able to predict of smoking. Also, ego – strength’s model for 77.5 percent of participants correctly can predict smoking. subjective experience of distress, hope and purpose are an important determinants of smoking in cancer patients. It is necessary to consider the role of these variables in smoking cessation interventions in cancer patients.

The purpose of this study was to predict risky behaviors based on emotional intelligence, sensation seeking, coping styles, and tolerance of ambiguity. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population of the study consisted grade ten male students of Tabriz city and 320 students sampled by cluster sampling. To collect data, high-risk behavior questionnaire, a revised Shoutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Mac-line Tolerance Scale, and Zuckerman's sensation seeking Scale were used. The results of this study showed that emotional evaluation, malice, problem-oriented coping style and tolerance of ambiguity play an important role in predicting high-risk behaviors. In other words, these variables negatively predict high-risk behaviors. Also, avoidance coping style and adventure also plays an important role in predicting high-risk behaviors. In other words, they can predict the risky behaviors positively. Mac-line Tolerance Scale, and Zuckerman's sensation seeking Scale were used. The results of this study showed that emotional evaluation, malice, problem-oriented coping style and tolerance of ambiguity play an important role in predicting high-risk behaviors. In other words, these variables negatively predict high-risk behaviors. Also, avoidance coping style and adventure also plays an important role in predicting high-risk behaviors. In other words, they can predict the risky behaviors positively.

Nowadays, plantlet production via somatic embryogenesis is considered as an efficient technique in clonal propagation of selected genotypes and breeding programs of conifers. Although it is in the phase of research in our country, but it is expected that traditional methods will be replaced by this technique soon. The main purpose of this survey is determination of suitable culture medium and selection of superior species with respect to embryogenic tissue production. The possibility of somatic embryogenesis has been studied in five different pine species, using two different culture mediums. The embryogenic tissue induction phase was performed using mature zygotic embryo explant and culture mediums DCR and HLM-1 in species Pinus eldarica, P. brutia, P. nigra, P. radiata and P. sylvestris. Cross section of embryogenic tissue was measured in two phase 3 and 6 weeks after the initial culture. The obtained results showed a significant effect of culture medium type and species on the amount of embryogenic tissue induction and the best results was obtained from P. eldarica in DCR medium. In order to proliferation of embryogenic tissues, subculture of tissues was performed every two weeks in new culture medium for ten weeks. Then, embryogenic tissues were exposed to two pretreatments of culture medium without growth regulator and culture medium with growth regulators BA and 2,4-D. Finally, in order to maturation of somatic embryo from embryogenic tissue, the segments of embryogenic tissue with an approximate weight of 75-100 mg were transferred to DCR culture medium containing 25 mg/l of ABA, 60 g/l of sucrose and 4 g/l of gelrite. The DCR culture medium with the same combination but without ABA was considered as control. In spite of pre-embryonic structures in embryogenic tissue, transformation of pre-embryo to the complete embryo did not accomplished and just in a small number of P. eldarica tissues, unnatural embryonic structures (long and vitreous) were observed.

In this survey, the possibility of somatic embryogenesis in four different pine species was studied using different compositions of plant growth regulator. The embryogenic tissue induction phase was performed using mature zygotic embryo explant, culture medium DCR and using different levels of plant growth regulator in Pinus brutia, P. nigra, P. radiata and P. sylvestris species. The experiment was done through a completely randomized design with a simple factorial arrangement. Embryogenic tissue was measured in two phase, 30 and 40 days after the initial culture. After sterilizing of seeds kept at 4°C, and removing their coats, zygotic embryo was separated from megagametophyte and put into the Petri dish containing solid tissue culture. All the Petri dishes were maintained in darkness at 25°C. After 2 weeks the first signs of embryogenic tissue induction were observed. The results showed the significant effect of composition of plant growth regulator and specie on the amount of embryogenic tissue induction and the best result was obtained from P. brutia in hormon composition of 10µM 2,4-D+5µM BA. In order to proliferation of embryogenic tissues, subculture of tissues was performed every two weeks in new culture medium for six weeks. Finally, in order to maturation of somatic embryo from embryogenic tissue, the segments of embryogenic tissue with 5×5 mm dimensions were transferred to DCR culture medium. After two months, although quasi-embryo and abnormal structures got seen but the production of complete embryo from embryogenic tissue was unsuccessful and transition from preembryony phase and conversion to embryo with developed cotyledons failed.