امیر مرادی

The purpose of this research was the internal evaluation of the department of educational sciences of Farhangian University and ways to improve the quality of its education in the academic year of 1401-02.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of the type of data sought, which was conducted with a cross-sectional survey method. The statistical population of the research included all faculty members, student teachers, and graduates of the Department of Educational Sciences. The sampling method in the faculty members section was a complete census, but in the Students section, using stratified sampling and based on the sample size determination table of Karjesi and Morgan with alpha (.05), 145 students were selected as the research sample. A standard questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data. The collected data were carried out using descriptive statistics methods.

From the total of six investigated factors, the factor of teaching-learning strategies was evaluated at a favorable level, three factors of goals and organizations, student teachers and fields of study were relatively favorable, and two factors of faculty members and facilities and equipment were evaluated at an unfavorable level. In general, the educational science group was in a relatively favorable situation.

The highest internal evaluation score was given to the factor of teaching-learning strategies and the lowest score was given to the factor of educational facilities and equipment.

This paper explores the intersection of literature and law. Through a focused analysis of select works by Franz Kafka—specifically The Trial (and the embedded parable "Before the Law") and The Judgment—the author examines key issues within these texts by employing a problem-oriented approach and considering interpretative methodologies grounded in literary logic and issue analysis. The paper raises several pertinent questions: Did Kafka, in these narratives, engage with the ethics of criminal justice and its potential violations? If so, what specific instances of ethical breaches did he highlight, and what preventive solutions did he propose? The findings suggest that Kafka indeed underscored the necessity of ethical adherence within criminal justice. He appears to have been critical of instances where ethical breaches occurred, potentially implicating lawmakers, judges, lawyers, and police officers. Through his unique literary style and understanding of legal concepts, Kafka conveys implicit preventative measures by evoking these ideas in the reader's imagination. His abstract portrayals invite readers to draw parallels between the fictional events and real-world practices, thereby fostering a critical view of various legal and ethical issues, such as the criminal justice system, the role of its actors, and the processes of legislation and adjudication.

According to the International Standards on Auditing (ISA), financial transaction complexity, an inherent fraud risk factor, stands among the criteria for selecting accounting journal entries to test, and implement analytical procedures for anomaly detection to assess fraud risk. However, the extant academic and professional literature lacks a structural definition of accounting journal entry complexity. This study aims to fill this gap by (1) proposing a novel quantitative measure of journal entry complexity and (2) applying it to anomaly detection techniques to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement.

Given the purpose of this study, the Design Science (DS) methodology (Hevner et al., 2004) was adopted. The DS includes two phases: artifact design and evaluation. In the design phase, a content analysis of ISA and a literature review of complexity and diversity were conducted to establish the basis for defining journal entry complexity. Subsequently, the proposed measure was adapted from diversity indices used in the biological sciences to meet the specific requirements of the research problem. This adjustment incorporated innovations from both exaptations and improvements in the contributions of DS. In the evaluation phase, descriptive and observational approaches were employed to assess and verify the novelty and utility of the proposed artifact.

In the absence of an explicit definition of transaction complexity in auditing standards and guidelines, the content analysis of ISA led to the extraction of five conceptual dimensions of complexity: (1) the number and relationships of components, (2) the nature and form of transactions, (3) measurement and processing of information, (4) quantity and quality of knowledge, and (5) the degree of change and uncertainty regarding the subject matter. Based on the first dimension of this conceptualization and its adaptation to the theoretical foundations of diversity in biological sciences, the journal entry complexity measure was defined from a structural and data-driven perspective, as a function of the number and diversity of accounts involved. Next, by adapting the biodiversity index (Clarke & Warwick, 1998) and adopting the taxonomic distance measure based on the path length to determine account distances, a quantitative measure of journal entry complexity, as a design science artifact of the model type, was provided. The measure was then applied to detect global and contextual anomalies in journal entries. The implementation and evaluation phases continued through a case study using the Python programming language for analyzing journal entry complexity to identify global and size and pattern-based contextual anomalies in 2,895 journal entries of a manufacturing company. The results and insights obtained from applying the measure were then discussed and evaluated.

Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study applies theoretical foundations and biodiversity measurement methods from biological sciences to create a systematic and flexible mechanism for measuring the complexity of journal entries and identifying anomalies. It seeks to improve the identification and assessment of material misstatement risks in audit analytical procedures. Moreover, using this measure helps in planning and optimizing audit resource allocation by accounting for the complexity level of audit engagements. It also improves audit sampling and prioritizes auditing journal entries based on their complexity, as an inherent risk factor.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of the extended stages of the management model of P4C (philosophy for children) focusing on the research community, on the development of reasoning (thinking) skills of sixth-grade students, using a semi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. From the sixth grade of Ammar Boys Primary School (Alborz Province), as an available sample, a class of 30 people was randomly selected as the experimental group and a class of 30 people was chosen as the control group. Classroom teaching in the experimental group was by implementing the developed stages of the management model of P4C, focusing on the research community during a period of six weeks, with two sessions per week. Reasoning Skills Questionnaire including 50 three-choice questions that indicate 22 skills in reasoning with validity and reliability approved by experts was used. The results of descriptive and inferential statistics comparing the two experimental and control groups using the mean, standard deviation, and covariance analysis showed the significant and positive effect of the mentioned model on the development of reasoning skills of sixth-grade male students. Therefore, the research on the generalization of the application of the mentioned model in the official curricula of sixth-grade students in our country was recommended.

The depictions derived from the subjective mystical experiences, in Molvi's lyrical poetry, have not been analyzed specifically and independently, in one place and in a regular manner; Although in a general way, the types and branches of Molvi's imaginations and imagery have been included in the cycle of research. This research claims that Maulvi was able to express the pure images of his internal and intuitive experiences, which are generally indescribable, in the Ghazalyat of Shams, and this is a rare event that Maulvi went through and managed to express the most abstract experiences. In this research, which is based on the descriptive-analytical method, with library and citation tools, and in the theoretical framework of Gadamer's hermeneutics, after reviewing the opinions of various researchers about the separation of mystical experiences, those poems of Divan Shams which, in particular, are manifestations They are considered to be one of Molavi's personal mystical experiences, based on the current feeling in the ghazal, they are divided into four categories: pride and warning, reprimand and blame, the need to recognize oneself, and joy and forgiveness, and for example, a ghazal from each of these categories is examined. and analysis has been done.

Today, every organization needs processes according to its long-term and short-term goals so that it can be on the right path of goals and excellence. Organizational excellence models provide appropriate frameworks for identifying areas that can be improved and identifying weak and strong points, and organizational pathology using excellence models is a way to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. be paid Using organizational excellence models to evaluate the current situation, planning for any fundamental changes, innovation, organizational learning, raising the level of service quality, using information technology and customer satisfaction will be effective. Therefore, the question arises, what is the status of service quality in the path of excellence based on the organizational excellence model in the studied statistical population? And how can one take an effective step in improving the quality and efficiency of Farhangian University by presenting the organizational excellence promotion model and achieve the excellence and excellence of the university? This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the lived experience of Farhangian University managers of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan. This research, using a combined exploratory method, seeks to answer the question of what are the components of organizational excellence in Farhangian University and what model is the organizational excellence in this university basically affected by.

The data collection of this research is done in the qualitative part using in-depth semi-structured interviews and this research is done in a qualitative way. The statistical community of this research includes the managers of Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan, which according to the statistics of these universities are about 177 people. are selected as statistical population. The method of this qualitative research is exploratory type, which was done with grounded theory technique. The statistical population of the research includes the directors of Farhangian University, 15 people were purposefully selected as the study sample and in-depth interviews were taken from them.

The method of interview analysis was three stages of coding, and after a more detailed examination and the link between sub-category concepts, 11 core categories were obtained, which are: knowledge orientation, succession planning, stabilization of desirable results, networks and communication skills, organizational efficiency. , human resources, joint creation of value, competitiveness of the organization, empowerment, elite leaders and the identification of points that can be improved. The means of elite and excellent managers, together with the identification of points that can be improved and efficient, leads to the joint creation of sustainable values and the development of succession." It appeared that it can cover all other categories. Therefore, considering the fact that universities, especially Farhangian University and higher education institutions, are among the most important scientific institutions in the production of knowledge and technology and the education of students, they should always be on the path of excellence and be among the top organizations, moving in advance of the competitive environment.

The results of the modeling of this research show the fact that the effect of all variables on the dependent variable of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan was significant. In a general conclusion, it can be said that all the results in structural equation modeling overlap with the results of hypothesis testing in Spss software. Therefore, the locally developed model for the basis of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamadan has high credibility and is acceptable for implementation in other universities and scientific centers of the country. The advantages and consequences of this model include creating loyal and satisfied customers, successful leaders, creating a clear understanding of the organizational goal, managing changes, creating more motivation in the organization's stakeholders, effective and better use of organizational information, making organizational operations more efficient, creating He pointed out the opportunities for improvement in the organization, minimizing redundancies, and innovation and creativity and added value in the organization. By using the research excellence model, the university can evaluate its success in implementing improvement programs at different times and will have the possibility to compare its performance with other universities, especially with the best ones. Considering the fact that universities, especially Farhangian University and higher education institutions, are among the major scientific institutions responsible for the training of committed human resources and experts in the education system, as leaders of the country's human resources cycle, it should always be on the path of excellence and among the organizations Sarmad, the competitive environment of scientific universities should be on the move. Therefore, the continuous improvement of quality resulting from the implementation of the organizational excellence model is the basis for improving the competitive advantage of educational institutions and higher education institutions. Therefore, Farhangian University, as a mission-oriented university in the education of the country's education system specialists, can achieve excellence and improve quality among the country's universities and institutions of higher education. And as a qualitative university, it should play a role in the dynamism and effectiveness of human resources of society and increase the quality of social services, excellence and excellence of society.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of digital media in the moral education of elementary school students and providing preventive solutions. The method of the present research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical type (qualitative content analysis) and inferential. Research findings showed; the most important challenges of digital media in moral education of students include norm-breaking, lawlessness, wavering of educational status of parents and educators, weakening of educational and moral virtues, daily life and destruction of critical thinking, attention to luxury and unnecessary needs, privacy violation. Also, monitoring the optimal use of digital media (including setting a limiting framework and strengthening interpersonal and group interactions), creating a model face in the rational use of media (including managing the time and amount of use, managing and monitoring media content, maintaining privacy), avoiding media innocence, cultivating critical thinking skills and learning media literacy are the most important preventive strategies. In the end it can be concluded as follows; if digital media in line with the goals of moral education of the of the educational institution can not educate morally aware, knowledgeable, capable and responsible children, in the future, the acceptance of its competencies by related stakeholder groups will be questioned.

Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) is a solution-oriented ‎approach for conducting research that transcends mere understanding ‎of existing situations, aiming to generate innovative and novel artifacts ‎to realize desired outcomes. Despite its widespread use in other ‎technical and managerial domains, and more than two decades since ‎the first exploration of DSRM in accounting literature, its true ‎potential went largely unrecognized until the past five years, when it ‎gained unprecedented recognition from accounting researchers.‎In this pioneering research, we analyze trends, identify influential ‎figures, and map the intellectual and conceptual landscape of ‎accounting research related to DSRM. Utilizing co-word analysis, co-‎authorship techniques, as well as scientific mapping and word cloud ‎visualization, we scrutinize 51 articles from journals indexed in the ‎most recent Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) list from ‎‎2023.‎Our findings reveal that more than half of the research output is ‎concentrated in the four-year period spanning from 2020 to 2023, ‎signaling a growing interest among accounting researchers in this ‎methodology. The dominant subject areas in design science articles are ‎audit and control, coupled with the integration of emerging ‎technologies and data analytics techniques. ‎

One of the sources of creating legal language and literature is the establishment of regulations. Since legislation deals with the order and security of society and is also analyzed by researchers in some fields such as law, literature, linguistics, and ethics, it is necessary to complete it by following strict criteria. One of the most important criteria of correct legislation is diligence and efficiency in the quality of regulations, which is considered today as a complement to the principle of legality of the criminal phenomenon. The quality of regulations requires that the discourse of the law should not be broad and vague, and the importance of this in criminal regulations is twofold; so that it does not need to be interpreted except in exceptional cases. It seems that today, for the Iranian legislator, no specific ethical standards have been defined and implemented for this matter. Considering that voluntary and conscious decision-making legislation and voluntary actions are subject to the value of moral judgment, therefore it is subject to ethical requirements and in terms of the moral responsibility of the legislator, we consider compliance with the quality of the regulations as a good and correct decision.And among the most important moral duties of the legislator, we consider compliance with this importance and paying attention to the teachings of the language of the law as a means of communication and information. In line with the management and prevention of quality violations, the regulations as one of the most important rules of ethics of the legislator, paying attention to the quality of the legislator and observing the written, editorial and literary rules and the existence of a special institution for writing and compiling laws as well as evaluating their quality, consisting of law Scholars, writers, linguists, sociologists, ethicists and other science experts are needed and basing laws on interdisciplinary research between ethics, literature, law and linguistics can be a way forward. Of course, since no matter how much attention and care is taken in this regard, there is a possibility of ambiguity, silence, conflict, etc. in the regulations. To benefit in the proceedings as well as judicial procedure. The criterion we consider in order to determine the quality level of regulations is fuzzy logic; the most important factor in the lack of regulation quality is the legislator's incomplete understanding of legal language and interdisciplinary studies. Also, the preparation and approval of the "Comprehensive Ethical Legislator Document" regarding the ethical principles and rules of this area and related issues and issues, as well as the ethical audit of regulations, and the approval of a lesson and chapter entitled "Professional Ethics of Legislators" with an interdisciplinary approach between literature, Linguistics, ethics and law are suggested by the Ministry of Science along with the course on the principles and techniques of law-making. The most important thing is to try to establish and promote "ethical culture" through the creation of interdisciplinary discourse and critique of the above topic, among the students of law, ethics, philosophy, literature and linguistics faculties, and to promote the study of world literature in the society.

One of the crucial tasks of professional ethics knowledge is to critique recognized professional practices. Ethical behaviors, emphasizing self-discipline, prevent harm, damage, and other issues before they occur. Stakeholders expect professionals to commit to ethical obligations and responsibilities, while professionals, in turn, anticipate ethical knowledge to systematically address ethical responsibilities in their profession and effectively solve ethical issues. Ethical considerations are explored through two approaches, human resources and organizational, in the analysis of the issues discussed in this research. The fundamental question of this article is which aspects of professional ethics are specific to adjudication? Do regulations governing some judicial responsibilities suffice? In establishing judicial ethics, in addition to regulations, what strategies can be proposed? This article, relying on a problem-solving approach and drawing on the principles of issue analysis, employs a descriptive-analytical method, utilizing library resources, interdisciplinary studies, and judicial experience., relying on a problem-solving approach and drawing on the principles of issue analysis,

Today, even the simplest human activities, such as walking, can have destructive consequences. Human movement on the earth may be done for economic, tourism, military purposes, etc. However, these movements lead to the trampling of the land and have consequences such as changes in the abundance and richness of vegetation, increase in runoff and soil density, and changes in erosion. In addition, the surface of the landforms is disturbed and with a sharp decrease in the threshold of shear speed, their vulnerability to wind erosion increases dramatically. Determining the sensitivity of landforms requires accurate tools, time and a lot of money, while the use of photography in monitoring the amount of changes in landforms can save time and money. The research that has been done so far in relation to trampling is generally based on two approaches. The first approach is the experimental method, that is, small undisturbed parts are selected in the study area and trampled according to the requirements of the experiment. The second method involves making long-term observations of the tracks that have been trodden. Chale Masileh is a part of the desert areas of the country, which is trampled by humans for various reasons. Economic activities such as harvesting potassium, magnesium and other materials from the bed of the salt lake, tourist areas such as Maranjab in the south of the region and military activities and holding large military maneuvers are among them. However, there is still no detailed information about the areas sensitive to trampling. Therefore, the current research tries to investigate the sensitivity of different desert landforms to trampling using a low-cost and fast method because in order to use and manage desert areas, it is necessary to understand the sensitivity of landforms.

The studied area mainly includes Mesila pit. The geographic coordinates of the salt lake as an index point in this hole are 30°34° north latitude and 50°51° east longitude. In this research, various materials, data and tools have been used in different stages of the research. The geomorphological map of the study area, and field data were collected in field operations using camera, tripod, GPS and plot. ArcMap, SNAP software were used to prepare the data, and Python 3.10 programming environment was used to run the model and draw graphs and outputs. 13 landforms were selected in different positions of the region. In the next step, an undisturbed area in the landform was selected and photographed, then trampled with 25 passes and a second photograph was taken. After recording the images by entering fourteen features for each pixel, the data was prepared to participate/to be applied in the model implementation. In the implementation of the model, 75% of the pixels were used as training data and the remaining 25% as test data. The ratio of changed pixels to unchanged pixels was considered as the change rate.

Evaluation of model efficiency using model relative performance characteristic curves (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) shows that the values of 0.99 to 0.88 indicate the very good efficiency of the model in all samples. The RMSE value for the samples shows that in all the samples the mean square error value is less than 0.5, which confirms the good accuracy of the model in predicting the changed pixels. In addition, the average percentage of accuracy for samples using -k10 shows that the accuracy of the model in each sample is more than 80%. The importance of the image texture features in predicting the changed values in the photographed samples shows that in most samples the feature of the local standard deviation of the image of dissimilarity was the most important factor

Determining the sensitivity of the landforms of desert areas to human trampling is important for the management of these areas. To achieve this purpose, it is very useful to use low-cost, fast and accurate methods such as taking pictures and using machine learning algorithms. This study shows that the XGboost model and the photography method can measure the amount of landform changes with an accuracy of over 90%. These changes are determined according to the texture of the images and do not measure changes in height or soil density. However, it determines the number of changed pixels even when it is barely visible to the eye. On the other hand, the results of this method are the result of the influence of all effective variables such as slope, humidity, roughness, etc. While changes in altitude or density can be affected by one of the mentioned factors. The changes in different landforms based on the results of the model show that the least change is in the plowed land, which consists of very hard mud and salt. The surface of this landform is naturally very messy and uneven. The changes in the comparison of the two photos before and after trampling in this sample are hardly visible. The changed areas mostly correspond to the microslopes and small peaks that have been subjected to the most pressure in each pass. The amount of changes in the landform of sandy surfaces with a small amount of vegetation is 85%, which shows the most/highest changes among the samples. The key feature of this landform is the separation of land surface materials and vegetation.

As a result of occurrence of numerous changes in life and sudden events, the interactions of couples face fundamental challenges. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of the meaning attributed to divorce and the role of life changes in divorce, based on the lived experience of couples applying for divorce, this research was conducted qualitatively and with a phenomenological approach. In order to collect data, a semi - structured and in-depth interview was conducted with 16 -people applying for divorce in the age range of 27-45. The interviewers were selected by purposive sampling method. Maxqda software was used to facilitate data analysis. Based on the research fin-dings; people's understanding of the mean-ing of divorce was identified in the three main themes of liberation, end point and realistic acceptance, as well as the factors of changes in the situation of living toge-ther such as changes in status: personal health, job status, network relationships, sexual relationships, style life, changes in the environment, unexpected events, sudd-en change in status and value transfor-mation were identified as the main grou-nds for divorce, and each case can be res-olved by carefully examining the issue and managing it properly, or by preve-nting the issues from becoming critical.

In the following article, the author tries to investigate why and how to supervise in Iran's legal system, focusing on the knowledge of professional ethics, and in the scope of the professions of parliament representatives and judges; Therefore, paying attention to the following questions: Does the mere existence of regulations, the scope of supervision seem sufficient? How is the role of ethics in supervision and based on what necessity? Is surveillance related to prevention and social control? Is there a connection between surveillance and social death? It is trying to achieve these results that in the direction of supervision, the mere existence of regulations does not seem to be enough; For supervision in Iran in the scope of the above-mentioned professions, no clear ethical standards have been defined for supervisors; Since supervision is voluntary and conscious decision-making and voluntary actions are subject to moral judgment, therefore it is subject to ethical requirements. Therefore, in terms of the concept of moral responsibility of individuals and supervisory institutions, an attempt is made to explain some of the most important ethical requirements of supervision in the scope of the professions considered in this research, in order to protect the supervisors from the harm of unethical supervision and one of the most important of them - death. The social of the supervised - warns. The tool we are considering is the regulation and approval of the comprehensive ethical document of supervision and emphasis on its ethical audit.

The purpose of this research was to understand the lived experiences of Farhangian University faculty members regarding effective teaching in the learning management system.The current qualitative research was conducted with a phenomenological approach. data were collected using targeted sampling and in-depth semi-structured interviews with twelve faculty members of Farhangian University active in the lms system academic year 2021-2022 and analyzed based on the Colaizzi model. After extracting and thematic categorizing, effective teaching was identified in four main themes and fourteen sub-themes. The principles of effective teaching in the theme of technological principles included the selection of technology-oriented teaching strategies, electronic lesson plans, providing appropriate assignments and providing feedback in the system and pedagogical principles including teacher-student interaction, students' participation with each other, attention to individual differences and research-oriented teaching. Barriers to effective teaching in the context of technological barriers included ineffectiveness for some courses, lack of ICT experts, limited access to the Internet, and lack of infrastructure and pedagogical barriers included lack of required competencies and low validity of evaluation results.Considering the nascent nature of teaching in the LMS, effective teaching is realized when the necessary competences, attitudes and knowledge regarding effective teaching are developed in the professors.

The purpose of this study was the phenomenological study of the use of PowerPoint software in Persian language teaching. In this research, qualitative research method and phenomenological type was used. The statistical population includes all teachers of Persian language teaching in the second period of high school and high school students in the field of humanities. Therefore, based on purposive sampling method, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students in Razan city continued until the data obtained from the participants in the study reached saturation. Based on the data obtained from the interviews with teachers of Persian literature, 6 main themes and 21 sub-themes, and in the interviews with students, 6 main themes and 17 sub-themes were obtained. The findings showed the positive and negative experiences of teachers and students in the use of PowerPoint in the teaching of Persian literature. Finally, based on the experiences of teachers and students, the desirable model of using PowerPoint in teaching Farsi literature was extracted. In the presented model, the teaching-learning activities of the Persian literature lesson are presented by using PowerPoint in five sections: poetry, prose, recitation, rules and rituals of writing.

Due to the scientific status and the practical consquences of fraud and anomaly detection research, the aim of this study is to uncover the intellectual and conceptual structure of this research field in audit literature. 430 documents( include article, Conference paper, Review, Book chapter, Book, Review, Note, Letter) related to the period between 1979 and 2022 from the Scopus database were analyzed using two bibliometric analysis methods co-word analysis and social network analysis to discover the intellectual and conceptual structure of the field. The findings of the research show that the main and most dominant topics include "fraud and anomalies", "audit and forensic accounting", "data mining, machine learning and data analytics", "risk assessment" and "internal controls and corporate governance". Also, the article "An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of director composition and financial statement fraud" by Beasley (1996) with 1977 citations, the most cited scientific document, and Peter Gottschalk with 6 articles, the United States with 150 documents, "Managerial Auditing" journal with the publication of 22 articles, and "Universiti Teknologi Mara" from Malaysia, with the publication of 13 documents, were recognized as the most prolific actors in this research field. The important finding of this study is to reveal the remarkable transition to technogical aspects in the field of fraud and anomaly detection, which has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years by using emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and advanced data analytics methods. The findings of the present research, which illustrates the intellectual structure surrounding fraud and anomaly detection research, reveal the orientations of this field. This study can serve as the basis for developing research policies by scientific institutions to help optimize research activities in the field and enable them to play an effective and efficient role in combating fraud.

Mystical experience, as a type of religious experience, has characteristics that each of the religious philosophers and mystics have listed characteristics according to their point of view. Walter Stacey is one of these renowned scholars who in the book Mysticism and Philosophy has seven basic characteristics including monotheistic vision or unifying consciousness, timelessness-impossibility, sense of objectivity or reality, sense of peace and tranquility, sense of holiness and sanctity and divinity, Has mentioned paradoxes, and inexpressibility for mystical experience. Divan-e Shams contains manifestations of Rumi's mystical experiences, including objective and subjective experiences. Rumi's objective experiences have manifested themselves in the form of mystical fables, mystical springs, transformations, mystical epics, and wonderful encounters In her psychic experiences, in which God really speaks in the language of Rumi, categories such as pride and warning, questioning and reproach, the need to recognize oneself, and enthusiasm and forgiveness can be seen. Analysis and explanation of the sonnets of each category requires knowledge of the theoretical foundations of mysticism, attention to the structure and meaning of the sonnet, as well as mastery of the poet's mental system. In this research, one of Rumi's mystical fables has been studied. In this narration, Rumi has used the code "thief" to express the manifestations of one of his objective experiences. The present study, while deciphering this poem using other lyric poems of Divan-e Shams, has discussed all the features considered by Stacey for mystical experience.

Online education is done on a virtual platform and through the Internet and its purpose is to provide opportunities for learning, and students' personal autonomy in the teaching-learning process is one of the contributing factors to achieve this goal. Therefore, one of the missions of universities is to educate students with personal autonomy to live in harmony with the values they have accepted and if they are not successful in educating such students, they will not achieve much success in the two fields of education and research. On the other hand, online education technology is not a neutral tool and can grow and develop some other dimensions in exchange for weakening some aspects of students' experience. The expansion of online education in universities can create emerging educational and upbringing opportunities for students, which requires philosophical study. There is no consensus on the role of online education in fostering personal autonomy. Some argue that the development of individual personal autonomy in online education has been neglected and they basically do not find online education suitable for simulating educational activities. Contrarily, the proponents believe that through the abundant equipment, facilities and capabilities of online education, the growth of students' individual self-government is possible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role of online education in deeloping students' personal autonomy with an emphasis on social constructivism.

The present study is philosophical and of the type of conceptual and linguistic analysis and logical analysis. In the first step to answer the research question, our method is conceptual and linguistic analysis, which includes the analysis, interpretation and clarification of the concepts of online education on the one hand and the analysis of the concept of individual self-government and social constructivism on the other hand. In the second step, using the method of transcendental logical analysis, we examine the logical condition of using a concept. In the third step, the inferential method and the type of theoretical analogy are used to infer constructive and non-constructive evidence of online education in cultivating personal autonomy. The community of research resources included all documents, credential and resources related to online education, personal autonomy and social constructivism and sample sources included documents and evidences in Persian and Latin, print and electronic, valid and related to the subject and concepts of the research. Due to the nature of the research, the tools and methods of data collection included Fish sheets and using the Fishing method from the mentioned sources and the method of analyzing the collected data was qualitative and based on philosophical and logical analysis.

Based on social constructivism, online education, on the one hand, with the development of lifelong learning, changing the teaching- learning process, the growth of the dimensions of personal autonomy and Flexibility in learning and the possibility of anonymity and concealment of students' identity has provided the ground for individual self-regulation. On the other hand, Online education due to the extreme trust in student ethical judgment, promoting student-centeredness, the prevalence of eclectic choice instead of conscious and free choice, students' pursuit of personal desires and the extreme growth of self-centeredness have played a non-constructive role in fostering individual self-government.

Based on social constructivism and the simultaneous agency of technology and human beings, online education through changing the nature, interests and intentions of students can play a constructive or non-constructive role in cultivating their personal autonomy. But online education is not read in a specific compulsory format and can be read by different actors in different ways. Thus, it is possible for its actors to intervene, modify and direct the development process of online education in cultivating individual self-government. As a result, the non-constructive role of online education in fostering personal autonomy can be reduced and turned into opportunities by making more use of multimedia technologies and making the online learning environment more interactive.

The recent water shortage caused a need to find the best way of water and nitrogen management. In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation interval at different growth stages were investigated on the yield and yield components of rice (Hashemi variety). The experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran, during two years, 2017 and 2018. The studied factors included irrigation (flood irrigation, irrigation intervals of one and two weeks), growth stage (vegetative and reproductive stages) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (40, 60, and 80 kg.ha−1). The studied traits were plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of unfilled grains per panicle, panicle fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The results of analysis of variance showed that the main and interaction effects of the studied factors on grain yield was significant. Also, the interaction effect of growth period, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation interval on grain yield during two years was significant at the 1% probability level. The results showed that the grain yield and yield components (except for the number of unfilled grain) significantly increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer under flood irrigation conditions. Among the studied treatments, the highest and lowest grain yield were belonged to flood irrigation in the vegetative stage with 80 kg.ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer in 2018, and irrigation interval of two weeks in the reproductive stage with 40 kg.ha−1 of nitrogen fertilizer in 2017, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, flood irrigation during the vegetative growth stage and the application of 80 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended as the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management.