امین پرتو

Drones have been visible in the Middle East military conflicts more than any other region of the world. Particular characteristics of drones in the battlefields including simplicity, affordability, difficulty in downing them and the possibility of inflicting heavy damages have led to the rise of a peril that the military balance in the Middle East might be disrupted. The basis of this military balance within the last five decades involved the consolidation of Israel’s place as the superior regional military power thanks to its unrivaled air force, restricting and controlling other regional countries’ search for air warfare resources and ballistic and cruise missiles, controlling the updating and supplying parts and ammunitions for fighters as a guarantee on the behavior of allies and making efforts at turning the allies’ strategy a defensive one through maintaining military balance in the air warfare sphere, which was precisely pursued by the United States in the Middle East. Nonetheless, the drone revolution in the Middle East formed by new actors from Turkiye and Iran and any other state to non-state paramilitary groups have resulted in the formation of new strategic issues and trends in the region. This includes challenges posed to Israel’s military position in air, diminished U.S. control over regional military trends, and weakened planning in the development of anti-missile and air defense systems.

A lot of political theories have focused on criticism and so rejection of political systems while they have attempted to introduce new alternatives. Therefore, depleting the attitude and belief about legitimacy of a dominant system while introducing an ideal alternative, concurrent with creating a mind set on why, how and when to overthrow the previous system, is the main function of a political theory. Although the political thinkers are usually try to avoid challenging the political systems directly, their explanations typically cause a political disorder, as their statements about an ideal system lead the people to feel unhappy about the existing system. The author of this paper is of the view that given the difference between political ideology and political thought, they may lead to different approaches about overthrow or change in a political system.

The history of Israeli foreign policy and national security shows that military option has been the main instrument of this regime to achieve her political goals. Military instrument has been used to gain political existence، water security، deterrence and also peace in Israeli foreign policy. Meanwhile، Israel''s security and political system، believes that its inability to response against newborn threats is dependent on its weeks in military technology. Because of this axiom، Israel always insists on military technology development to ensure military victory. Continuity of this approach، although it had some successes، is questioned by some limits and uncertainty of its outcomes. This article describes these issues.

Israeli politicians, in the early years of formation, argued that revolution and dispute in Arab states is in favor of Israel security. They supposed that democratic Arab states will decrease hostility toward Israel. Despite that supposition, since Arab spring, Israel security is confronting a great challenge. Possible spread of Arab spring to Israel, and also increasing fragility of Israel state, is real threats against Israel.

The political life of Imam Baqer (PBUH) and his practical conduct against the brutal caliphates have not been considered yet from the viewpoint of the vital role they played in regard with the political thoughts of Shiism. In this article, through a study on Imam Baqer’s encounter with the Umayyad caliphs, some fundamental issues in the political thoughts of shiism have been extracted which were established by Imam Baqer (PBUH).Part of the issues as political instructions of Imam Baqer (PBUH) which are implied from his political encounter with the brutal Umayyad caliphs include: the emphasis on the independent identity of Shiism and its purity from any thing which might alter it; explanation of an Imam's characteristics to the shiites in order to make it distinguished from the other definitions of Imamate by the other sections, and so that it is not mistaken for Imamate bi al-Saif (Imam carrying sword), unapproved Imamate, or exaggerated Imamate; and finally, the principle of concealment as a political strategy of shiism.

The Shiite concept of waiting have had an echo in the arena of international relations at the present time, especially that the Islamic Republic view itself as related to the concept of waiting and ground-setting for Presence. That’s why the concept of waiting and ground-setting for presence has been a semantic construction associated in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic. In media, there are readings of the grounds for the belief and expectation for the Imam (AJ). According to this idea this is a driving force of the Islamic Republic of Iran which is in pursuit of foreign policy that would bring an outcome which would be destabilizing the so-called international security. A mechanical interpretation of waiting and ground-setting issue in media gives a distorted interpretation of these concepts in a way that they remind semantic constructs of any action which brought horror: terrorism, attempting to acquire the weapons of mass destruction and efforts to achieve such things. The present article aims to explain how to correct this abuse and distorted view of waiting and understand the structures of meaning of waiting in the international political and media space.