انیسه جرفی

Proper distribution of plant root facilitates the uptake of nutrients and improves crop yields. This study aims to evaluate the root and shoot structure of quinoa cultivars in response to the application of phosphorus and zinc in the Research, Agricultural Education and Natural Resources Center of Khuzestan province in a factorial design with three factors including the use of triple superphosphate fertilizer at four levels (0, 6, 12, 18 mg.kg-1 soil weight), foliar application of zinc sulfate in three amounts (water without zinc sulfate (control), foliar application at 4 and 8 per thousand concentrations) and three quinoa cultivars (Giza 1, Q26, Titicaca) were performed in pot and in three replications. The results showed that root parameters such as root dry weight, root width, root diameter, distance from the first branch to the tip root, and the weight ratio of root to shoot were affected by phosphorus fertilizer levels and quinoa cultivars (P≤0.01) and foliar application of zinc sulfate had a significant effect only on root dry weight, root width, distance from the first branch to the root tip, root density, root weight to shoot weight, and aerial part parameters. Q26 cultivar was identified as the best cultivar in terms of root structure development, which at 18 mg.kg-1 phosphorus levels and 4 per thousand zinc sulfate concentration had a maximum root dry weight (3.23 g.plant-1), root width (18.06 cm) and distance from the first branch to the root tip (53.23). At these levels of element consumption, the highest number of grains per plant (4542) were obtained in cultivar Q26. Based on the experiment results, the optimal level of elements by reducing antagonistic effects and increasing synergistic effects of P and ZnSO4 led to the root structure development, improved element uptake and increased production components of quinoa cultivars.

In order to investigate the yield, yield components, growth and physiological indices of maize hybrids in response to Nitroxin bio fertilizer application containing inoculant Azotobacter choorcoccum and Azospirillum brasilenese bacteria, in addition to the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, this experiment was performed as split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Main plots consisted of combining four levels of fertilizers treatment (100 percentage chemical fertilizer, 75 percentage chemical fertilizer 100 percentage bio fertilizer, 50 percentage chemical fertilizer 100 percentage bio fertilizer and 25 percentage chemical fertilizer 100 percentage bio fertilizer) and sub plots included maize hybrids (Single Cross 704 hybrid, Mobin hybrid and Karoun hybrid). Results showed that maximum biological yield, grain yield, one thousand grain weight and ear length were belonged to combined use of 50 percent nitrogen fertilizer plus 100 percent Nitroxin bio fertilizer in Karoun hybrid. Single Cross 704 hybrid in the amounts of 100 percent chemical fertilizer application, had the highest number of grain per ear, number of grain per row, inoculation percentage and lowest length of ear without grain and percentage of ear without grain. The maximum length of ear without grain and percentage of ear without grain was obtained from treatment 75 percent nitrogen chemical fertilizer application plus to 100 percent bio fertilizer and Mobin hybrid. The investigation of results showed no significant difference among fertilizer treatments, as well as hybrids in terms of chlorophyll index. However, Karun hybrid had a higher chlorophyll index than two other hybrids.