ایرج شاکری نیا

Nowadays, organizational bullying is a significant challenge in educational environments and can lead to various psychological, physical, and organizational consequences for victims. This study investigates the consequences of organizational bullying for newly appointed assistant professors and explores their coping strategies within the academic environment. It aims to identify and analyze these impacts and examine the strategies faculty members employ to confront this phenomenon. The present study employed a qualitative research method using descriptive phenomenology. The participants included assistant professors from the University of Guilan who perceived themselves as having experienced bullying in 2022. The sampling method was purposive and snowball sampling, and theoretical saturation was reached after interviewing 16 men and 8 women. Data were collected through semi- structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven- step method. The data analysis resulted in 15 open codes, 4 subcategories, and 2 main themes. The main themes for the consequences of organizational bullying were individual and organizational consequences. The subcategories related to individual consequences included physical and psychological effects, while the subcategories related to organizational consequences included decreased productivity and weakened organizational culture. Furthermore, 13 open codes, 4 subcategories, and 2 main themes emerged regarding coping strategies for organizational bullying. The main themes included individual coping strategies, with subcategories of acceptance and withdrawal, and seeking social support, with subcategories of seeking support from peers and seeking support from family. The findings of the study indicate that organizational bullying has profound negative effects on the physical and psychological health of faculty members. These consequences include headaches, migraine attacks, and other related symptoms. On the other hand, the experience of being bullied leads to organizational consequences, such as decreased productivity and weakened organizational culture within the university. Effective coping with this phenomenon requires the creation of supportive and educational environments, strengthening conflict management, and raising awareness of the consequences of bullying. Therefore, individuals can respond more effectively and positively. Additionally, the results showed that social support from colleagues and family plays a key role in reducing the negative effects of this phenomenon.

Emotional divorce is a type of divorce that is not recorded anywhere and is related to families who decide to live under one roof for reasons such as negative attitudes, false beliefs, sick minds, stress and anxiety, and inability to meet life's needs. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transdiagnostic therapy on the agreeableness of women with emotional divorce who referred to psychological counseling centers in Rasht. This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test research design with a control group and a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included 214 women with emotional divorce in 2023 in psychological counseling centers in Rasht, from which a sample of 30 people was selected through purposive sampling and randomly placed in the intervention group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The Gottman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2008) and Costa and McCrae Agreeableness Questionnaire (1992) were used to collect data. The intervention group underwent 8 sessions of Barlow and et als (2011) transdiagnostic therapy intervention, while the control group did not receive any training during this period. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that transdiagnostic therapy was effective in increasing the agreeableness of women with emotional divorce (p˂0.001). This result was also sustained until the follow-up stage. The findings of the present study showed that the use of transdiagnostic therapy content and instructions is useful in increasing the agreeableness of women with emotional divorce. Therefore, the use of this therapeutic intervention is recommended.

Social media has become an integral part of our lives, influencing us in various ways. Instagram, one of the most popular social media platforms in Iran, frequently features psychological content. When psychological claims are presented to the general public through social media, it is called pop psychology. Despite the widespread dissemination of psychological claims on Instagram, no studies have examined Instagram psychologists or their typology; Therefore, this study aimed to identify different types of pop Instagram psychologists using descriptive criteria. Netnography, a form of ethnography conducted online, primarily involving continuous and in-depth observation, was employed as the research method for this study. Through continuous and in-depth observations, guided by logical principles and scientific evidence, we identified six types of pop Instagram psychologists: evidence-based psychologists, common sense psychologists, covert pseudoscientific psychologists, overt pseudoscientific psychologists, psychobabble, and mixed-type psychologists. This study demonstrated that pop psychology on Instagram is not a uniform phenomenon and manifests in various forms; Furthermore, we found that some types of pop psychology claims are more beneficial while others are highly detrimental. Further research could quantitatively validate the proposed typology or engage in deeper analyses of each type, examining both their characteristics and their potential positive and negative consequences.

Among the phenomena that threaten the aged population, one is abuse, which leads to serious physical and psychological consequences, cognitive decline, and even premature death. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindful self-compassion (MSC) intervention on cognitive ability in aged individuals who have experienced abuse. The research method was quasi-experimental with a single group pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The statistical population included all abused individuals living in nursing homes in Rasht, Iran in 2023, among whom 12 (60 to 80 years old) were selected by the convenience sampling method and based on the eligibility criteria. To collect data, Rodriguez & Carrasco’s Geriatric Mistreatment Scale and Nejati’s Cognitive Ability questionnaire were used. The participants underwent Germer and Neff’s MSC intervention for 8 weekly 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-24 software. The results illustrated that the MSC intervention increased the cognitive ability of the abused individuals (P<.05). In other words, the MSC intervention is effective in increasing the cognitive ability of the abused aged population. According to the findings of this study, therapists and centers specializing in geriatrics can use the MSC intervention as an effective solution to increase cognitive ability and prevent its decline in combination with other methods in older adults.

This study aimed to design a compassion-based mindfulness training program for adolescents using the intervention mapping approach.  Intervention mapping is a method that employs a repetitive and cumulative process to develop health-oriented interventions grounded in theory, evidence, and practice. This research involved reviewing theoretical and empirical knowledge on compassion, as well as incorporating expert opinions from the fields of positive psychology and developmental psychology. The primary goal was to create a context-specific protocol for teaching compassion-based mindfulness to adolescents.  The results indicated that achieving compassion-based mindfulness through this educational protocol is linked to factors such as emotional expression, perfectionistic parenting, blame-oriented environments, social media influences, basic needs, and self-care. These findings highlight that a one-dimensional approach to compassion is insufficient and that various social, familial, and individual dimensions must be considered.  Oversimplifying the concept of compassion by focusing on a single aspect leads to a limited understanding and less effective interventions. Compassion interventions should be designed and implemented in a multidimensional manner, taking into account the diverse aspects of this construct.

Family atmosphere plays an important role in the quality of life of family members. If it suffers from conflicts, it can lose its status as a secure psychological foundation. Marital conflicts have been identified as one of the most common problems in families, especially in families with children with special needs. Thus, the current research study tried to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship of childhood trauma and self-differentiation with marital conflict of mothers of children with special needs. This research study was a cross-sectional descriptive study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included mothers of children with special needs in Rasht in 2023. Among them, 220 mothers of children with special needs in Rasht were selected as samples. To collect data, Childhood Trauma (Bernstein et al., 2003), Self-Differentiation (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Marital Conflict (Sanaei Zaker & Barati, 2005), and Psychological Capital (Luthans et al., 2007) questionnaires were used. The research findings showed that Psychological Capital played a mediating role in the relationship of childhood trauma and self-differentiation with marital conflict of mothers of children with special needs (P < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that psychological capital can moderate the relationship of self-differentiation and traumatic childhood experiences with marital conflicts.

Emotional divorce is a type of divorce that is not registered anywhere and is related to families who decide for reasons such as negative attitudes, false beliefs, sick mind, stress and worry, inability to meet the needs of life. They are forced to live under one roof. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on agreeableness and emotional balance of women with emotional divorce.

This research was conducted using a semi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test research design with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of 100 women with emotional divorce in 2023 at Neday Mehrgan Counseling Center in Rasht, out of which a sample of 30 people was selected by purposive sampling and randomly in the intervention group. (15 people) and control (15 people) were placed. Emotional divorce (Gottman, 2008), emotional balance (Diener and et al 2010) and agreeableness (McCrae and et al 2005) questionnaires were used to collect data. The intervention group underwent 8 sessions of emotional therapy (Greenberg and Johnson, 1988), while the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that emotional therapy was effective in increasing the agreeableness of women with emotional divorce (p<0.001). Also, the results showed that emotional therapy was effective in increasing the emotional balance of women with emotional divorce (p<0.001).

The findings of the present study showed that the use of emotion-oriented treatment content and instructions is useful in increasing agreeableness and emotional balance of women with emotional divorce. Therefore, the use of this therapeutic intervention is recommended.

The problems of autistic children, the characteristics of this disorder and the late and difficult diagnosis in some cases, the lack of definitive and effective treatments, impose severe psychological stress on the parents of the children. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindful parenting intervention on parent-child relationship and caregiving pressure in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder, considering the moderating role of perceived social support.

The current research was of practical purpose and in terms of type of quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all mothers with autistic children who referred to Tehran Autism Center and 2nd April Autism Center and all the people who announced their cooperation through calls made in 1400-1401. Among these, 68 subjects were selected according to the entry and exit criteria. Then they were randomly divided into two groups (34 people in the experimental group and 34 people in the control group) and completed the parent-child relationship questionnaire of Pianta, 2011 and the care pressure of Zarit, 1988. The intervention program was based on 8 90-minute sessions of mindful parenting training based on the model of Bogles and Restifo (2014), which was implemented by the researcher for mothers of autistic children. The results of the experimental and control groups were processed by two-way univariate covariance analysis with the help of SPSS 24 software.

The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that considering that the significance level of group membership in this method is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the parent-child relationship and the care pressure of the two experimental and control groups. Also, the results showed that by removing the effect of the pre-test scores, the difference between the mean scores of the post-test of mindfulness parenting intervention training is significant only in people with low social support. Another result of the research showed that by removing the effect of the pre-test scores, the difference between the mean scores of the post-test of mindfulness parenting intervention training is significant only in people with low social support (P<0.05); In mothers with high social support, this difference is not significant (P<0.05).

Considering the effect of mindful parenting training on the parent-child relationship and caregiving pressure in mothers who had low perceived social support, it is therefore suggested that mindful parenting be used to strengthen the parent-child relationship and reduce the caregiving pressure of mothers with a child with autism spectrum disorder

To provide culturally-based interventions, it is essential to identify the factors that underlie them. This study aimed to identify the underlying components of the need for compassion in Iranian adolescents. The study was conducted qualitatively using interviews and texts. The literature review included approximately 150 articles, 25 Iranian and international dissertations, and 5 books related to compassion and positive psychology, all selected from credible sources. The interview stage aimed to find the answer to the factors affecting compassion in Iranian adolescents. The sample was selected from positive psychology professionals with a targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 13 people. Out of 61 themes, 9 highly recurring were identified as influential on the need for compassion in Iranian adolescents. These included: educating traits of a compassionate mind, challenges of adolescence, self-awareness of talents, expression of emotions in adolescence, self-care, parental perfectionism, insistence on academic achievements, emphasis on choosing specific fields of study, and social media. All components were validated, with content validity index values ranging from 0.87 to 1. Six of the nine themes, recognizing talents, expressing emotions in adolescence, self-care, parental perfectionism, insistence on cognitive achievements, and social media, were new components emerging from Iranian society. The other two themes, educating traits of a compassionate mind and challenges of adolescence were emphasized in previous programs and by specialists in this study. The identified components can aid in developing the educational-psychological intervention in the school context and tailored to Iranian adolescents and culture.

The present study aims to predict COVID-19 anxiety based on irrational health beliefs, health locus of control, and health anxiety. The research is descriptive-correlative. It draws upon the fundamental methodology. The statistical population of the present study includes all female students of Orovince of Guilan's universities during the first half of the academic year of 2021-2022. Based on convenience sampling, 406 students participated through an online invitation. Data was gathered by using Covid-19 anxiety questionnaires (CAQ, Alipour et al, 1398) (1398)., irrational health beliefs (IHB, Christiansen and Warwick,1999), health locus of control (HLC, Wallston et al, 1978), and the revised edition of the health anxiety questionnaire (HAQ, Salicoskis et al, 2002). The data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and Multivariate Regression in the SPSS-21 software package. Findings suggest a significant and positive relation between COVID-19 anxiety, health anxiety, and health locus of control. The Regression results demonstrate that 25 percent of COVID-19 anxiety changes were predicted significantly by health anxiety and health locus of control. Therefore, by identifying the influencing factors of Covid-19 anxiety, effective measures, and planning can be undertaken to mitigate Covid-19 anxiety and an individual's adaptiveness.

University as an institution emerging from the heart of society and academics as its thinkers, have a key role in social developments. However, in universities, there are factors that have distanced the university from achieving its main goal and led to the occurrence of destructive psychological phenomena such as organizational bullying. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of answering the question of what are the experiences of young assistant professors about organizational bullying in the university and what factors lead to its formation in the university environment.

The current research is of qualitative type and was done with interpretive phenomenology method. The research community consists of all the young assistant professors who are members of the faculty of Gilan University in 1401. Sampling of the current research was done with a purposeful and snowball method. After interviewing 16 men and 8 women, theoretical saturation was reached. The tool of this research was a semi-structured interview and the data was analyzed using Moustakas' multi-step method.

From the data analysis, 5 main themes related to the lived experience of young assistant professors from organizational bullying including being ignored, deprivation of facilities, rudeness, threats and imposition of double duties were obtained. Also, 5 main themes related to organizational bullying factors including individual factors and organizational factors were obtained. The main theme related to individual factors includes the personality characteristics of organizational bullies and the themes related to organizational factors include the weakness of the administrative system, organizational discrimination, distortion of laws and regulations, and inefficient management.

The results showed that many young assistant professors in their early years of service have experienced a type of vertical bullying from the top down, which usually includes being threatened, deprivation of research and administrative facilities and exploitation. Also, the lack of transparency in some laws and regulations, the weakness of the administrative system in the university and the discrimination in providing services and facilities to some professors have been the main reasons for the formation of bullying in the university.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of hot and cool executive functions at both parent and child levels on improving of Children’s Symptoms with ADHD. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with ADHD in Rasht who referred to medical-educational centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with ADHD from the statistical population who were selected through purposive sampling, based on the inclusion criteria. They were then equally assigned to two (control and experiment) groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included Cognitive demographic questionnaire, Canners Parent Rate Scale. data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. the results showed that training of hot and cool Executive functions at both parent and child levels improved Children’s Symptoms with ADHD (P<0.01). These results indicate the usefulness of multifaceted training of executive functions for children with this disorder.

Introduction Mothers of students with special needs in caring for their children and their education show a high level of stress and anxiety, which is more important during the Covid-19 pandemic and not only has negative effects on the mental health of mothers. It has, but it also has harmful effects on children's health. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to compare rumination and anxiety in mothers of students with and without special needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method The design of the current research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all mothers of students with and without special needs who were studying in primary schools in the west of Gilan province in the academic year of 1400-01. The studied sample included 68 mothers of students with special needs (in the groups of mentally retarded, autism spectrum disorder, Specific learning disorders, and hearing impairment) and 83 mothers of students without special needs, who were selected by available sampling and according to the entry and exit conditions. became The tools used in the research included Nolen Hoeksma and Maro rumination response scale (1991) and Kettle anxiety questionnaire (1905). Findings The results showed that there is no significant difference between the average scores of anxiety components in the group of mothers of students with and without special needs, but there is a significant difference between the scores of rumination in the group of mothers at the 0/05 level (P<0/05). Conclusion This research has shown a significant difference between Rumination in mothers of students with and without special needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, coaches and teachers of exceptional schools can use the results of this research in their educational programs.

Environmental issues, such as global warming and climate change, are driving consumers to change consumption behaviors. For example, the purchase of green products has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of health consciousness, religious environmental values, subjective and personal norms, and personality on the purchase intention of the home energy management system and also to investigate the effect of the purchase intention on the willingness to pay for home energy management system. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this study is energy-efficient appliances customers in Iran who are at least 18 years old and have a diploma. The sample size was 384 people based on the Morgan table. An online questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity, and reliability of this questionnaire were also confirmed. To analyze the data from structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach. The results showed that subjective norms, personal norms, and the personality trait of openness influence the purchase intention, and the purchase intention leads to the willingness to pay. The research findings provide important research and practical suggestions to green product manufacturing companies, construction companies, marketing managers, architects, and building engineers.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy. This applied research was a quasi-experimental with pretest/posttest design and a control group. The study population consists of 8,000 children and adolescents with epilepsy in Guilan Province, and the research sample consisted of 30 boys with epilepsy aged between 15 and 18 years who were referred to Rasht medical centers in 2021, selected by purposive and available methods considering entry and baseline conditions, and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) and the Social Self-Efficacy Scale (SSES) were used for data collection before and after treatment. The 8 sessions of ACT were conducted for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 software and analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that ACT improved cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy (P<0.001). Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the acceptance and engagement-based intervention can be used as one of the treatment strategies to improve the mental health indicators of people with epilepsy.

Emotional dysfunction in children with ADHD jeopardizes their adaptation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of integrated training of executive functions hot and cool on emotion regulation in children with ADHD. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with ADHD in Rasht who referred to medical centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with ADHD who were selected through convenience sampling. They were then equally assigned to two control and experiment groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included demographic questionnaire, canners rate scale, emotion regulation checklist. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. the results showed that Integrated Training of Executive Functions improved emotion regulation in children with ADHD. The combination of training in hot and cold executive actions and intervention at the child and parent levels played a role in promoting the regulation of emotions in children with this disorder; Therefore, the use of multidimensional interventions is recommended.

 Depression is a common illness, with approximately 280 million cases worldwide. 

 This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on working memory and cognitive flexibility in patients with mild depression.

 This clinical trial was performed on 30 patients with mild depression in Rasht, Iran in 2022 who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Neurofeedback was applied on the intervention group and data collection tools were the Goldberg Depression Inventory, Dennis and Vander Wal’s Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and Danman & Carpenter’s Working Memory Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

Neurofeedback therapy was effective in increasing working memory (P=0.038) and cognitive flexibility (P<0.001) in patients with mild depression.

 Neurofeedback system can change brain activity using a simple reward system. Therefore, neurofeedback therapy is recommended as a potential complementary therapy for patients with depression.

Most children with ADHD have impairments in both the cool (cognitive) and hot (emotional, motivational) aspects of executive functions; however, the interventions focused more on the cool aspect of these actions.

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of training of hot and cool executive functions at both parent and child levels on executive functions children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group

Most children with ADHD have impairments in both the cool (cognitive) and hot (emotional, motivational) aspects of executive functions; however, the interventions focused more on the cool aspect of these actions.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of hot and cool executive functions at both parent and child levels on executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Rasht who referred to medical-educational-research centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder from the statistical population who were selected through convenience sampling, based on the inclusion criteria. They were then equally assigned to two (control and experiment) groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the hot and cool executive functions intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included Cognitive demographic questionnaire, Canners Parent Rate Scale (1999), executive functions questionnaire (Gioia et al., 2000). data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that training of hot and cool Executive functions at both parent and child levels improved all components of executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P<0/01).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that multidimensional interventions are effective at different levels of the child and parents simultaneously and also focusing on all types of executive actions in the treatment of ADHD can be very effective. design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 9 to 12-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Rasht who referred to medical-educational-research centers in 2021. The sample consisted of 26 children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder from the statistical population who were selected through convenience sampling, based on the inclusion criteria. They were then equally assigned to two (control and experiment) groups. The children in the experimental group and their mothers each received the hot and cool executive functions intervention program in 10 sessions. The instruments used included Cognitive demographic questionnaire, Canners Parent Rate Scale (1999), executive functions questionnaire (Gioia et al., 2000). data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Stuttering, as one of the most common speech fluency disorder, can lead tomany negative consequences for the individual and the family and cause psychological, behavioral andsocial problems. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, the present study was conducted withthe aim of comparing the emotional atmosphere of the family, parent-child relationship, and flexibility andcohesion of family in parents of children with and without stuttering.

This was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included theparents of children (male and female) aged 8 to 12 years with and without stuttering in Rasht, in 2020.The study sample consisted of 60 people from both groups of parents with the age range of 30 to 50 yearswho were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used included the Pianta Child-ParentRelationship scale (CPRS) (Driscoll and Pianta, 2011), and the Cohesion Assessment Scale (Olson et al,1986). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test and the multivariate analysis of variance.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of parentswith children with and without stuttering in the variables of child-parent relationship, and flexibility andfamily cohesion (p <0.001).

The results showed that stuttering can have negative effects on family conditions, familyfunctions and the child’s relationship with parents and other members of the family, and the family canalso help reduce or increase the child’s stuttering; therefore, having a rich, calm environment and properinteraction, as well as educating the family is very important.

The aim of the present study was to compare emotional disclosure, disturbance tolerance and lifestyle among students of gifted and normal boys' schools in Tonekabon city. The research method was descriptive-correlational in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 525 students of seventh, eighth and ninth grades of high-intelligence and normal boys' schools in Tonekabon city. A total of 120 people (60 ordinary school students and 60 gifted school students) were selected as the sample size by simple random sampling method. To collect data from standard Snell (2001) emotional self-disclosure questionnaires with reliability (0.84), Simmons and Gahr (2005) emotional distress tolerance with reliability (0.78) and Lali et al. (2012) lifestyle with reliability (0.86) were used, whose validity was confirmed by academic experts and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient test was confirmed. In order to analyze the data, one and multivariate analysis of variance test was used by Spss software version 22. The findings showed a significant level obtained for the variables of emotional disclosure, tolerance of confusion and less lifestyle. It is 0.05. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the scores of the two groups of gifted and normal students. The results show that there is a significant difference between emotional disclosure, tolerance of turmoil and lifestyle of gifted and normal boys' school students in Tonekabon.

Patients with epilepsy face a variety of physical and psychological tensions that reduce their quality of life. Considering the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy with diseases of the central nervous system, one of the methods that can help rehabilitate patients with epilepsy is schema therapy. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy.

This investigation was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test and a control group. The sample consisted of 30 adolescents with epilepsy in Rasht, Iran in the year 2021 selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (each group 15 individuals). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Social Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect data before and after the treatment. The 10-session schema therapy was performed for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment.

The analysis of covariance results showed that schema therapy improved cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy.

Schema therapy can be a suitable treatment method to improve emotion regulation and social skills in adolescents with epilepsy and can be beneficial in increasing the life satisfaction of these patients.

the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and neurofeedback on severity and intensity of somatic symptoms and emotional regulation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

the study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with control group. The study population included all women with irritable bowel syndrome referred to gastroenterology clinics in Qazvin city in 2019. 45 patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group. The Rome-III Diagnostic Criteria Form and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) were administered to all sample subjects before, after and two months after the intervention. The experimental groups underwent Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and neurofeedback.

The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and neurofeedback were effective on reducing severity and intensity of somatic symptoms and increasing emotional regulation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (p<0.01). Comparison of the means of the two experimental groups showed that there was no significant difference between their effectiveness on the extent and severity of physical symptoms and emotional regulation of patients (p>0.05).

Both interventions can reduce the severity and intensity of patients' physical symptoms and increase their emotional regulation through their special techniques. Therefore, therapists can use these interventions to control the physical and emotional symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Children with intellectual disability may cause growing psychological problems for their parents, specifically the mothers as the principal caregivers. During the recent years, different research and clinical methods have been used to reduce these psychological problems. Present research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and mindfulness training on the reduction of rumination in the mothers of children with mild intellectual disability.

This study was a quasi-experimental research with multi-group pretest-posttest design. The population included all the mothers of children with mild intellectual disability who had referred to the special schools of Rasht in the academic year 2019-2020.  Among them, a sample of 36 mothers was selected by purposive sampling and then randomly assigned into the experimental or control groups (12 mothers per group). To collect the data, Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) was used. After nine 90-min sessions of emotion regulation training and mindfulness training conducted for the experimental groups, all the three groups were reassessed at the post-test stage. Data were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA and multivariate ANCOVA in SPSS-22.

Data analysis showed that emotion regulation training and mindfulness training significantly decreased the overall rumination and its components in the mothers of children with mild intellectual disability (P<0.01). Furthermore, based on the results of post hoc tests, it can be said that there was no significant difference between emotion regulation training and mindfulness training in reducing the overall rumination and its components (P>0.05).

Based on these findings, it can be said that emotion regulation by improving the emotional repair, reducing the negative self-referential processing, and increasing the ability of doing purposive behaviors, and mindfulness training by increasing the present moment awareness and more efficient information processing are effective in reducing rumination in the mothers of children with mild intellectual disability.

Due to the difficulty in emotion regulation and executive functions of obese adolescents, psychological interventions have a great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-regulation training on weight control, executive functions and emotion regulation in overweight and obese adolescents. The research design was semi-experimental with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of obese and overweight adolescents in Isfahan who referred to health centers in Isfahan in 1398. Samples were selected by convenience sampling from those referring to health centers in Isfahan. Research tools including Gratz and Romer (2004) emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire, Wisconsin and Stroop test were used to measure executive functions. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis showed that self-regulation training was effective on participants' BMI, emotion regulation, and executive functions. However, BMI as the second independent variable was not effective in the results of the study. Behavioral regulation training is effective on body mass index, emotion regulation, and executive functions regardless of participants' level of obesity and overweight. According to the research results, it can be concluded that self-regulatory training can improve weight control, executive functions and emotion regulation of obese and overweight adolescents. These results can be explained as self-regulatory training has skills and exercises that it is closely related to eating behavior, emotion regulation, and executive functions.

Intermittent explosive disorder appears in the social context and in response to social stimuli. Probably, processing social stimuli and responding to them in different social contexts, has an important role in this disorder and Affects its symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on social cognition in adolescents with intermittent explosive disorder. The present study is a field experiment with pretest-posttest design. The number of 38 students with intermittent explosive disorder were selected through Targeted sampling and They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The two groups at the beginning and the end of the study responded to the questionnaire for screening of intermittent explosive disorder and social stories. During the ten sessions, the experiment group came under the intervention of behavioral cognitive therapy every week. the results of ANCOVA analysis showed that behavioral cognitive therapy was effective on improving social cognition and reducing the symptoms of intermittent explosive disorder. Behavioral cognitive therapy has been effective on improving the steps of encoding signs, representing and interpreting information, and choosing response. But there was no effect on the steps involved in clarifying the objectives and in finding possible answers. It seems that by using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and generalizing them to various social tissues, it is possible to improve the social cognition of people with Intermittent explosive disorder that act as an inhibitory capacity to prevent the symptoms of this disorder in social tissues.