فهرست مطالب ایرج نوروزیان

Lameness is regarded as a serious issue in dairy cattle which can ultimately lead to a drastic reduction in milk production as well as conception, and the possibility of early removal of cattle from the herd. Short claw and thin sole play the chief role in excessive pressure on the heel and lateral grooves, which in turn are the direct consequences of heel erosion and lameness.

Current study intended to investigate the simultaneous occurrence of these two events at epidemic proportions in cattle.

This study was performed in 110 Holstein newborn heifers. Lame cows were chosen based on the fact sheet approved by AABP, (the American Association of Bovine Practitioners). The “Thin sole” criteria included a length of ˂7.5 cm at the posterior wall, along with ˂5 cm in sole (measured by claw check). Existence of dark V-shape lesions in lateral grooves was considered as heel horn erosion.

In 50 newborn heifers, thin sole and lateral grooves ulcer which affect rear limb digits almost equally, were diagnosed and clinically approved. The lowest posterior wall (66.54 ± 1.02 mm) and the lowest sole thickness (43.98 ± 1.78 mm) were observed in the left hind limb.

According to the results of this study, these two above mentioned conditions are called “New Concrete Disease” and the lameness due to these two lesions was clinically considered.

Lameness is regarded as a serious issue in dairy cattle which can ultimately lead to a drastic reduction in milk production as well as conception, and the possibility of early removal of cattle from the herd. Short claw and thin sole play the chief role in excessive pressure on the heel and lateral grooves, which in turn are the direct consequences of heel erosion and lameness.

Current study intended to investigate the simultaneous occurrence of these two events at epidemic proportions in cattle.

This study was performed in 110 Holstein newborn heifers. Lame cows were chosen based on the fact sheet approved by AABP, (the American Association of Bovine Practitioners). The “Thin sole” criteria included a length of ˂7.5 cm at the posterior wall, along with ˂5 cm in sole (measured by claw check). Existence of dark V-shape lesions in lateral grooves was considered as heel horn erosion.

In 50 newborn heifers, thin sole and lateral grooves ulcer which affect rear limb digits almost equally, were diagnosed and clinically approved. The lowest posterior wall (66.54 ± 1.02 mm) and the lowest sole thickness (43.98 ± 1.78 mm) were observed in the left hind limb.

According to the results of this study, these two above mentioned conditions are called “New Concrete Disease” and the lameness due to these two lesions was clinically considered.

Environmental mastitis has been increased significantly in recent years due to control of contagious mastitis agents. Marbofloxacin is an antibiotic which is the derivatives of Carboxylic acid, the third generation of Fluoroquinolone. It has antibacterial activity against gram negative and positive bacterial. The aim of this study was the comparative effects of two injectable solutions of Marbofloxacin manufactured by 2 European companies on environmental mastitis due to E. Coli. Milk samples were taken from 86 with clinical mastitis dairy cows and cultured. Fifty cows contaminated with E.coli and treated after diagnosis. Animals stratified to two groups, treatment and control. The treatment group animals (N. 25) were taken injectable antibiotic solution of Marbofloxacin manufactured by a Belgian company, 2mg/Kg, (1ml/50Kg body weight) IM for 3 days. The control group animals (N.= 25) were taken injectable antibiotic solution of Marbofloxacin manufactured by a French company 2mg/Kg, (1ml/50Kg body weight) IM for 3 days. The animals in treatment and control groups were cured 40% and 53%, respectively. There were no significant differences using chi-square statistical method (P>0.05). It is concluded that Marbofloxacincan of both companies are affected on mastitis due to E.Coli.

Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), also known as calf scours, is caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Coronavirus is one of the important causes of NCD syndrome. Electron microcopy has been used for demonstration of viruses in fecal samples of diarrheic calves since 1969.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronavirus in fecal samples of neonatal calf diarrhea using electron microcopy examination of fecal samples.

For the purpose of this study, a total of 100 cases (under 2 months of age) of diarrheic calves from 25 commercial farms in four districts of East Azerbaijan province of Iran were used. Fresh Fecal samples using sterile swab were collected from every calf with clinical diarrhea. All samples were transferred into a sterile container and then were sent to the laboratory to be kept in -20oC freezer until examination. Electron microscopic examination was applied to all fecal samples. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.

According to the results of this study, coronavirus was present in 15% of cases and a significant difference was found between the prevalence rate and the seasons (p<0.05). The highest prevalence was recorded in winter (28%) and the least prevalence was seen in summer (4%). There was not any significant difference in both age groups and different districts according to the prevalence rate of infection.

Neonatal calf diarrhea is a multi-etiological syndrome. Among the viral diarrhea, bovine coronavirus is one of the major causes of this syndrome. For detection of coronavirus in feces, electron microscope examination is a gold standard diagnostic technique. It seems that coronavirus can be considered as one of the important etiologies of neonatal calf diarrhea in east Azerbaijan of Iran.

Left displacement of abomasum (LDA) is an important metabolic disease in dairy cows which cause a large economic loss in dairy industry. So determination of these changes will be important to predict the disease after parturition. In the present study, 14 serum biochemical parameters of cows with LDA before and after parturition were compared to those of healthy cows (control group) using several statistical models especially Logistic regression. In the statistical model changes in 6 parameters beta-hydroxy butyrate(BHB), Non esterified fatty acids(NEFA), Aspartate amino transferase(AST), Calcium, Sodium and Potassium between control and LDA groups was significant (P<0.05). Using the values of these 6 parameters in the Logistic regression formula one week after parturition, the odds of LDA would be calculated. So the owner would be able to predict the occurrence of LDA and protect the herd against it with correction of diet and treatment of LDA concurrent metabolic diseases.

Claw capsule lesions are the most common cause’s lameness in cows. During the entire year of 2005 a survey was undertaken by sir author on the prevalence of different claw lesions causing lameness on 30882 cases of culled cows and bulls at central abttoir in the vicinity of Ardebil which was well equiped and with new constructions. After recording information for each case، the feet were amputated and solar parts of the claws were pared for more morphopathological studies. The claws lesion in cows (80/4%) was more than bulls (19/5 %) (p<0/05). A chi-squared test applied to the prevalence rate of claw lesion among all cases was 24/2 per cent. Most lesions occurred in the feet، the commonest were slurry heel (51/6%)، white line disease (24/2%)، diffuse septic pododermatitis (10/4%)، sole ulcer (9/3%) and aseptic traumatic pododermatitis (4/1%). The prevalence rate of claw lesion in the fore limb was higher than hind limb. Slurry heel was the most important factor as the cause of deep sepsis of the digit. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that lameness in an important problem in cows and beef herb in Ardebil. High prevalence of rate of lameness is due to poor management in hoof trimming and locomotion monitoring. On the other hand، Poor quality of floors (shaps، hardness، friction and hygiene) was the main cause of claw lesions، which occurred most frequently in the solar surface.