بتول احمدی

Considering the importance of women's health researches (WHR) in achieving the millennium goals development and lack of a unified and organized direction in the development and support of women's health research, planning and policy making, creating an infrastructure for watching researches and observatory in this field will be an effective step. The aim of this study was designing a model for WHR networking and collaboration, and establishment of WHRwatching and observing system in Iran.

This applied field qualitative study includes reviewing scientific literatures and documents, exploring expert’s views and opinions by conducting expert meetings, questionnaires and interviews, developing and finalizing the model. Data analysis was performed using content analysis method and MAX_ QDA software version 2018

The model and the conceptual framework for WHR network and observatory were designed with 3 main axes including identifying and classifying WHR, establishing collaboration between research centers and transition of knowledge and application of WH researches. In designing the model; Mission, objectives, structure, resources and deployment requirements were identified.

Comprehensive cooperation of stakeholders is necessary to identify the challenges and problems of WH in the country. Due to limited resources and the need to create an appropriate organizational culture to develop all components and expected infrastructure of the designed model; advocacy and support for establishment of WH research network, watching and observing system is necessary.

Farabi's cosmology is one of the dimensions of Farabi's philosophy that reflects his worldview. Farabi was the first Islamic philosopher to formulate a coherent theory of the universe, which became the model and basis for philosophical cosmology in the tradition of Islamic philosophy. Farabi's cosmology is a mixture of two Greek heritages, both philosophical and scientific, and the other is the heritage of the emerging Islamic civilization, which has been accompanied by his own innovation and initiative. By accepting the theory of issuance, Farabi rejected Aristotle's essentialist view of cosmology and, with an ontological approach, drew his own cosmology. Farabi's cosmology is a paradigm and pattern-oriented system whose origin is known and can be drawn based on the original origin of the destination, unlike the Aristotelian system which is an exploratory system and beings are discovered in the stages of research and reflection. In Farabi's cosmology, implications such as theism, system-orientation, humanism, ontological precedence over epistemology, and causal relationship can be traced. Given that no independent work has been done in the field; the present article tries to describe Farabi cosmology based on Farabi's origin, principles, innovations and initiatives, and then states the implications of Farabi cosmology.

Referral system is one of the principles and foundations of primary health care services. One of the most important challenges and problems of the referral system is the lack of public awareness of its nature, services and benefits. The aim of this study was to provide a model for accepting the referral system from the perspective of patients.

This study was a mixed method that was conducted in three steps in 1400. The first step included the development of a questionnaire, the second step was a survey study, and the third step was the design of the acceptance model of the referral system from the perspective of patients. The statistical population included 384 patients covered by the Rural Insurance Fund referring to the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex. The data were analyzed using SPSS v20 software. Also, Second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (S-CFA) was performed using LISREL v8.5 software.

Cronbach's alpha ratio for the whole questionnaire was 0.85 and intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.69. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that patient-centeredness, rules and regulations, responsiveness, coordination, security, accessibility, effectiveness, efficiency, personal beliefs and social influence significantly affected the acceptance of the referral system from patients' perspectives.

It is necessary for managers and policy makers before and during the implementation of the referral system to consider the factors affecting the acceptance of the referral system from the perspective of patients. For the appropriate implementation of the referral system, special attention should be paid to all the influencing factors so that patients can easy and convenient access health services anywhere and anytime.

Referral system is one of the principles and foundations of primary health care services. One of the most important challenges and problems of the referral system is the lack of knowledge of people and patients of its nature, services and benefits. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the acceptance of the referral system by patients.

This was a qualitative study conducted in 2021 using the framework (structural) analysis method. The participants were 18 experts in the field of referral system and 14 patients referred to the outpatient and inpatient wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by Semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the MAXQDA.

Factors influencing the acceptance of the referral system by patients were found to be the following: (1). Factors related to the stewardship and governance of the health system (responsibility and accountability, appropriate levels of health services, patient-centered care, and rules and regulations); (2). Factors related to the health services access (financial, physical and cultural); (3). Factors related to service providers (trusting healthcare staff, professional skills of service providers, and their behavioral and communication skills); (4). Factors related to the service delivery process (quality of service delivery, attention to patients' wants and needs, use of technology in service delivery, monitoring service delivery, and service coverage); (5). factors related to the recipients of the services (satisfaction, education, awareness and communication).

Considering the importance and key role of patients in the success of the referral system, health planners and policy makers should pay special attention to the factors identified in this study.

Expenditure in the health sector requires appropriate resources management. This study was conducted to determine the amount of moral hazards associated with the service providers in the medication prescriptions paid by an insurance organization.

Study population included paid pharmaceutical documents in Tehran province in 2019. 2000 prescriptions for 500 insured people were randomly selected from the database of the organization. Two indicators (the number of suspicious prescriptions based on the incompatibility of a drug with the history of the disease or the drug spectrum of an insured and the number of prescriptions with a financial burden higher than the average usual burden of a normal patient) were matched with transcript data and analyzed with SPSS version 24. An experienced pharmacist was consulted to examine the drug spectrum of all prescriptions.

5.4% of total prescriptions were incompatible drugs and 6.4% had created extra financial burden. The highest incidence of risks by speciality was related to general practitioners (16 % with a surplus financial burden of 87/500/000 Rials). The highest number and amount of risks in Rials per insured group was related to supervisors (63 % with a surplus financial burden of 26/000/000 Rials). The risk in the military centres’ prescriptions were more than private and governmental centres and it was relatively equal in contracted (48%) and non-contracted (52%) centres.

The abuse in the health service provision is a high risk for  health care managers  in countries that have health insurance programs which their intelligent tracking reduces many of the insurers’ costs and prevent the shortage of vital medicines.

Considering the announcement of national population policies by the Supreme Leader and the importance of efforts to comprehensively pursue the reform of the countrychr('39')s population structure, the issuesofwomen’s healthbecome one of the main priorities of this important issue.
Accordingly, in order to investigation of various dimensions of health and social and executive aspects of policies and programs for promotion of demographic structure of country and to explain the strategies for optimal use of existing capacities and synergy of resources in the current situation, the Department of Women Health of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran run present study,aimed to address required services and infrastructure in the field of womenchr('39')s health.

In order to implement national population policies, benefitting from participation of all available relevant stakeholders and key informants, we conducted a specialized scientific experts meeting. Through this qualitative approach data gathering and analysis of finding followed based on content analysis method.

The results of this study show that in each of the four dimensions of physical, mental, social, and spiritual health of women, in order to implement population policies, we need to pay serious attention to the requirements and infrastructure that facilitate and accelerate this important provided.

Providing facilities and required infrastructure, by facilitating and accelerating the processes, provides the possibility of achieving the expected results. Adopting a comprehensive and participatory approach at all stages, from preliminary needs assessments to planning and implementation, is one of the points that can largely guarantee the successful implementation of population policies.

It is essential to take action to strengthen the national primary health care (PHC) system. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review to find ways to strengthen the PHC system in Iran based on the experiences of different countries.

This was a comprehensive review study. The relevant studies were retrieved using Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iranmedex and SID databases. Inclusion criteria included all the studies that specifically focused on the factors enhancing the PHC system between 1998 and 2017. Finally, 30 articles were selected.

Strategies for strengthening the PHC system were examined from two different angles: factors that facilitate the performance of the health care team, and ways to improve the implementation of PHC. In addition, strategies have been recommended for the following in order to strengthen the PHC system in Iran: trust-based relationships; widespread implementation of the National PHC Program with a focus on personnel training; teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors and drug side-effects; investing in information technology in the health sector in areas such as immunization, child care and prevention of chronic diseases.

Strengthening primary health care requires coordination and inter-sectoral collaboration; involvement and will of a wide range of health and non-health organizations; government support; strengthening of the referral system and the family physician; strengthening the health team; self-care and community participation; a public health-oriented and preventive approach in macro-policies; and, finally,  allocating more resources to the health sector.

Nowadays, medical tourism market is considered as one of the most profitable and competitive industries in the world and is one of the new areas of advanced tourism. The aim of this study was to investigate the marketing status of medical tourism in private and public hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2018.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study that investigated the marketing status of medical tourism in 6 private and 14 public hospitals affiliated to TUMS in 2018. A valid checklist was used for data collection; besides, SPSS software, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for data analysis.

Product factor has a satisfactory status in state-owned hospitals and an average status in private hospitals. Place factor, people factor, process factor, and physician factor are satisfactory in public and private hospitals. Promotion factor in public hospitals is unacceptable and in private hospitals is average. Besides, price and place factors in public and private hospitals are average. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between any of the above factors and the type of hospitals (public, private).

Due to marketing mix, hospitals and medical institutions can increase the confidence of tourists by adopting international standards in addition to enhancing international reputation. Also, paying more attention to media advertising and providing more facilities can improve the condition of hospitals, thereby attracting more medical tourists and expanding the industry in Tehran.

 Outsourcing is a method and tool for delivering services to increase effectiveness and efficiency. Regarding the outsourcing policies, identifying experiences and outsourcing records is essential. In this regard, the present study aimed at examining the status and experience of outsourcing policy in the health sector as a review study.

The present systematic review was carried out by searching Persian language articles from sources such as Magiran, SID, Hospital and Medical Education Magazines, Handouts, and Announcements and English language articles from sources indexed in Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus databases. The authors search for English and Persian language articles from 2000 until 2018. The following keywords were used in the search outsourcing, private sector, purchasing, contracting, public-private participation. A total of 25 articles were entered in the final analysis according to the inclusion criteria.

Based on the results, outsourcing improves the quality, satisfaction of patients, and efficacy in most cases. The findings also suggested that outsourcing policies needed to be prescriptive and should be taken into consideration.

Hospitals should note that in the case of assigning a unit and transferring it to other parts not related to their expertise, it is not really possible to accept the transfer's general and absolute success in improving efficiency and effectiveness and reducing costs. The outsourcing policies need to relevant assumptions and requirements to succeed.

Improving quality of working life (QWL) among nurses is crucial for enhancing their performance and, consequently, delivery of quality nursing care to patients. Resilience skills assist nurses to deal better with workplace adversity and demands. Hence, this research examined the effect of teaching resilience skills on nurses’ QWL in a private hospital in Tehran, Iran. This was a randomized controlled study that was carried out in 2015. Sixty nurses in a private hospital in Tehran, Iran were allotted to two experimental (30 nurses) and control (30 nurses) groups. Nurses in the experimental group were taught about the QWL, job stress, and burnout and resiliency in two 3 hours educational sessions. In addition, they attended 9 practical 1.5 hours training sessions. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect nurses’ QWL data. Data was analyzed using SPSS, v. 17 statistical software. The mean score of nurses’ QWL in the intervention group increased from 2.68 to 3.01 out of 5 (12.3% increase). The paired t-test confirmed the difference as significant (p = 0.003). There was no significant changes in the control group’s QWL at the beginning and the end of the study (2.68 vs. 2.69). Resilience education and training had the most effect on disturbance handling, participation and involvement, job promotion, job security, and salaries dimensions of QWL of the study group. Resilience education and training reduces nurses’ job stress and improves their quality of working life.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the common parasitic diseases of humans and animals that is caused by a protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Henna plant (Lowsonia inermis) is effective against a wide range of diseases. Since pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine medications are first-line drugs for treatment of toxoplasmosis, they have adverse effects. On the other hand, there has been a particular booming despite the increasing resistance of parasites to chemical drugs, traditional treatments and the use of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to study the effect(s) of henna hydroalcoholic extract on Toxoplasma gondii parasite in in-vitro and in-vivo environments. The present experimental study was conducted on 35 mice. A sample of Henna leaves was prepared and extracted using 80% ethanol. The direct effect of henna hydroalcoholic extract at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 μg / ml on Toxoplasma tachycardia was investigated by flow cytometry. In order to evaluate the anti-toxoplasmic effect of henna extract on in vivo, 4 groups of 5 mice were infected with Toxoplasma tachyzoites of 16, 32, 64, and 128 mg / kg Hana hydroalcoholic extracts concentrations as gavage. A group of 5 mice were infected with tachyzoite of Toxoplasma which received sulfadiazine as a positive control group and a group of 5 mice were infected with tachyzoite of Toxoplasma without a prescriptive drug as a negative control. Finally a group of 5 mice were considered for measuring toxicity of henna extract. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier tests. Flow cytometric results indicated that IC50 of henna on Toxoplasma tachyzoites was 100 μg /ml. The results of the anti-Toxoplasma effect of henna extract on intact media indicated that no significant difference were appreciated between different concentrations and survival rate in rats (p = 0.85) among the test groups treated with different concentrations of the extract in compared with positive and negative control. The results of this study indicated that the effect of henna hydroalcoholic extract on in-vivo settings was not significant, although it was effective in in-vitro environment. The unsuccessfulness of the extract in in-vivo conditions may have been due to inadequate absorption of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, problems during gavage, the metabolism of the drug and rapid clearance of the drug.

  Femoral fracture surgery is one of the most common and expensive surgical procedures and forearm fracture surgery is common performed by Ilam Imam Khomeini Therapeutic Center. This study conducted to analyze the difference in actual cost and global surgery tariffs in this hospital.Also, the related factors acutal cost of mentioned surgery were identified.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on factors related to the actual costs of femoral and forearm fractures. The Activity-Based Costing approach identifies the related cost associated with these surgeries in through six steps. Data analysis was performed using Excel 2016 software.

The avarage actual cost of the femur fracturs , the code 2 forearm and the code 1 forearm were 953 thousand and 700 tomans, 444 thousand and 400 tomans and 337 thousand and 800 tomans , respectively. The actual cost of surgery for femoral fracture per unit surgery was 406,000 and 400 tomans lower than the Ministry of Health's tariff. But ,the real cost of the code 2 forearm was 33 thousand tomans higher, as well as the code 1 forearm 20 thousand tomans higher than the global tariff.

Overall, there are significant differences between hospital costs and the Ministry of Health's global tariff. That can be corrected by improving the hospital's performance, as well as carefully examining the cost of global surgical procedures for amending the system of tariff regulation and make the actual amount closer to the tariff level.

Richard Swinburne on justification believe in synchronic justification, justification by adequate grounds. One of his epistemic positions gain probable belief. He claims that a belief being justified is spelled out as it being probable. The more probability belief, the truer belief. At first Swinburne distinguish three types of probability:physical probability, statistical probability and inductive probability. Logical, epistemic and subjective probability is three types of inductive probability. Actually logical probability is ruling epistemic and subjective probability. Swinburne expresses criteria for logical probability based on tow patterns downward inference and upward inference. The criterion of simplicity based on upward inference is the principle of efficiency for selection more probable hypothesis. Applying the principle of simplicity in bayes's theorem, propositions with intrinsic probability, probability of predictions, the principle of indifference and testimony, he reply to paradox of probable and problems that are in these propositions. Swinburne's view on probability epistemic faces problems. He equal Partial implicate with degree of rational of belief or hypothesis. Also, the criterion of simplicity is very important for the role of agent in choosing the two sides of the probability, which Swinburne's suggest for minimizing the role of causality faces problems.

  Thalassemia major is an autosomal recessive disease with serious morbidity, mortality and pathology. Due to today’s therapeutic advances, the life expectancy of thalassemia patients has significantly increased. As a result, thalassemia patients need lifelong care, but caring for patients with thalassemia causes a lot of costs. Therefore, being aware of the costs and effectiveness of the treatments is essential for controlling the costs and providing effective treatments.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a bottom-up method was used to estimate the treatment costs for thalassemia patients and all the costs were estimated over a one-year period (2015). The number of QALYs created by treatment was also extracted using the EQ5D questionnaire, and eventually, the Markov model was used to calculate the costs and effectiveness for patients’ longevity.

Treatment for any patients with thalassemia major costs $ 8,321.8 per year. Applying a 3% discount rate, we estimated that each patient lifelong treatment costs $ 147,098.4, which would results in 11.8 QALYs. Hence, the cost per QALY would be $ 12,466,0.

Treating the patients with thalassemia major, despite its cost effectiveness, might cost a lot so that the treatment of the patients in the fourth decade of their lives may even reach the cost-effectiveness threshold. Therefore, increasing the costs in the field of patient screening and prevention of the birth of patients with thalassemia major seems to be useful.

The growing population of the elderly has become one of the serious challenges in health systems. The purpose of this study is to provide a picture of the growth of the elderly population in Iran and worldwide in order to set policies to provide health services for this category of the population. This is a review study about aging. Relevant studies available on EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed /Medline, Google scholar were identified and used. In the next step, screening was conducted regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, in three phases (according to the title, abstract and original paper) and data extraction on the remaining articles was performed. After searching, screening and quality assessment studies, related articles Showed that the world population is rapidly aging.It is expected from about10.5 % to about 21.8 % in 2007, will rise in 2050. It is expected that in 2050, the elderlypopulation will reach 21 % of the world population. Regarding the increasing growth of the elderly population in our country, maintaining and improving the health and quality of life in old age is more important than ever. Therefore, it is suggested that policy-making be conducted to ensure the health of the elderly and to improve their lifestyle, and planning in this regard should be one of the main priorities of the welfare and health system of the country.

The available reports indicate that outsourcing strategy was not successful in hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The present study aimed to identify the reasons behind the failure of this strategy and also to provide solution to overcome the challenges.  The present study was a phenomenological qualitative study conducted in 10 hospitals with outsourcing units affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through 32 semi-structured interviews with key informants and were analyzed using content analysis approach and through MAXQDA11 software. In this study, 4 main codes (reasons related to hospital, private sector, finance& expenses and human resource) and 18 sub-codes were identified for challenges of outsourcing in hospitals. Also, 3 main cods (preparation, implementation, control and monitoring) and 11 sub-codes were identified for the improvement of the outsourcing strategy. The Ministry of Health, as the main custodian of public health, should improve its capacities to increase the efficiency of private sector and consider a specific place for private-public partnership strategies, in its future policies. This requires clarifying concepts, revising job descriptions, and clarifying the roles of different individuals in the process of outsourcing.   Key words: Outsourcing, Challenges, Solution, Hospitals, Tehran University of Medical Sciences   Citation: Ahmadizadeh E, Tajvar M, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi B. Challenges of Outsourcing in Hospitals Affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Suggested Solutions. Journal of Health Based Research 2018; 4(1): 77-93.

Today, the organizations have found their need to a strategic planning for valuation of knowledge management. One of the most important elements for knowledge management is organizational creativity and innovation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge management and organizational creativity and innovation among Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
This cross-sectional study was a descriptive-analytical one which conducted in 120 employees of teaching hospital in 2015-2016. The study questionnaire included three questionnaires as Probst’s knowledge management questionnaire, researcher made questionnaire for organizational creativity, Patchen’s organizational innovation questionnaire and demographic information. SPSS software version 21 utilized to data analysis using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient at the significant level of less than 0.05.
The study results revealed that there was a relationship between knowledge management and creativity (r=0.661, P Development of knowledge management could increase the rate of organizational creativity and innovation. Therefore, the policymakers, leaders and managers of hospitals should establish the knowledge management system to improve the organizational creativity and innovation, and finally promote the efficiency and effectiveness of hospital practice.

The present study aimed to identify the neglected aspects of women's health during the three decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran.
This was a descriptive review of the literature. All Persian and English articles published in journals from 20 March 1981.to 20 March 2013. The data were collected on health status, determinants and health outcomes of Iranian women, regardless of age limit. Studies were reviewed for eligibility based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and duplicate studies were excluded. Then the information including year of publication, number of authors, 17 major diseases in women and infertility, SDH (social determinants of health), life stage and methods were recoded and were analyzed.
In all 1880 Persian articles and 4090 English articles were reviewed (a total of 5970 articles). The frequency of research type was 4.15% for reviews, 22.12% for interventional, 22.34% for comparative and 51.37% for descriptive studies. Most researches based on life cycle was about the reproductive age 76%, based on burden of disease was about pregnancy and its complications 30.12% and based on SDH factors was about education and awareness 6.36%.
The findings suggest that although scientific publications on women’s health in Iran increased dramatically, no consistent trend observed nor the designs and topics showed integrative coherences.

There is a relationship between health and religion and spirituality. Thus in designing a health model for Iranian women (Farmehr) this relationship was considered. The Farmehr model is a comprehensive conceptual model aiming to represent all factors affecting Iranian women's health and their interactions. This paper deals with stating religion and spiritual factors and their position in the Farmehr model.
This was a qualitative study. In all 23 experts were interviewed. Content analysis was performed to explore the data. The data further were examined and modified through deep interviews and focused group discussions with experts and policy makers.
The findings revealed that the relationship exist between health and "attitudes and believes", "values", "morality", and “religious and spiritual capital and resources in society”. Also it was found that they affect the health of whole society and thus were considered as the fundamental axis in the Farmehr model. Other factors that affected by the religion and spirituality were religious and spiritual behaviors and family background that were recognized respectively in the layer of life style and family relationships in individual level of the model. The spiritual factors have been indicated in some other health models such as social determinants of health model as social, cultural, and spiritual values, forces, or assumptions.
The Farmehr women's health model suggest that the set of indicated factors have a significant impact on understanding and interpretation of individuals about their own health and that of the others, their health behaviors and other behaviors that affect the health of family and society and even on thinking behind making policy and planning in public and health system.

This research aims to provide a model for communication with opponents during the reign of Imam Ali (AS) . In this regard , sermons and letters from Nahj al balaghah qualitative content analysis method has been analyzed. The results of the research indicate 5 main categories in the context of communicating with the opposition following the his rule of the government which includes methods of communication imam with opposition, imam of communication tools with opposition, relationshipbetween the imam and the opposition, ethical and human values governing the relation of imam with opposition and the goals of the imam s relationship with opposition. Imam Ali (AS) uses methods such as sermon, preach ment, struggle, reasoning and letter in the line with the opposition. He is for communicating with opposition used tools included fear,encouragement, threat, gospel of the past and the predecessors, question from the audience, comparison and…. Also in line relationship between the imam and the opposition axes included patience and decisive crisis were considered and values like benevolent opponents, keep respect and revers the opposition and ethical as moral and human values the ruler was referring to relation with the opposition. Imam Ali (AS) were considered also leading the misguided to the right and peace and reconciliation including the goals of contacting with opposition.

The cornerstone of primary prevention is adopting a healthy lifestyle including abstaining from smoking, maintaining appropriate body weight and appropriate eating habits. The aim of the study was to clarify anthropometric and healthy lifestyles measurements among the working women.
The cross sectional study was conducted in 2014. A total of 682 working women at TUMS voluntarily participated in this study. The data collecting tool was Women's Health initiative checklist (SABA) consisted of two parts anthropometric and lifestyle indices, were developed and validated by MOHME. Descriptive and analytic statistics was used for analyzing data.
Most of the participants were on a diet (%88.1) in the past year. In general, women did not have satisfactory healthy eating habits. Vegetable consumption was only 47/6% and 52% took soft drinks and ate fast foods. Regarding physical activity only 28% of women had proper physical activities. Data for Body Mass Index (BMI) showed that less than half of them were overweight or obese, and 42% with central obesity.
According to findings of this study. Anthropometric indices and lifestyle for working women is far from satisfactory condition and make potential risks for their health, which needs to be improved. Establishing training programs and facilities for women to adopt healthy lifestyle including eating habits, and daily physical activity, not only can promote their health, but also improves their personal, family and social performances along with enhancing public health culture.

There is a tradition attributed to the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) in the Shī‘ī and Sunnī collections of ḥadīth, in which, according to His Holiness, the Holy Qur’ān is divided into four sections called sab‘a ṭiwāl, mi’īn, mathānī, and mufaṣṣal, each one of which have been given to him consecutively instead of the books of the past Prophets, the Torah of Moses, the Gospel of Jesus, and the Psalms of David. The major part of these traditions have been related either through Ibn al-Asqa‘ from the Prophet (S.A.W.) or through Sa‘d al-Iskāf from Imam Muḥammad Bāqir (A.S.) who quoted from the Apostle of Allah (S.A.W.). The large number of traditions along with the inattention to the truth and falsity of this kind of traditions by the scholars of the Qur’ān and ḥadīth and attributing them to the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.), doubles the importance of studying these traditions in terms of their validity. Researching on the sanads of these traditions, the present article shows that some of these sanads contradict the context of the traditions and the sanad of Al-Kāfī’s traditions is sound and the traditions of Wāthilat b. al-Asqa‘ are unreliable (muḍṭarib) in chain of transmission and text. Finally, these traditions are judged to be sound because of their being mustafīḍ (diffused) or mutiwātir (frequently narrated) and due to their conformity of signification (dilāla) with the Qur’ān.