بهروز دادخواه

Happiness is a positive emotion that is vital and important to maintain health. Meanwhile, the happiness of nurses is more important because it affects their ability to help and deliver quality care to patients. This study aimed to determine the level of happiness and its relationship with demographic variables in the nurses of educational-therapeutic centers of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2022.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 270 nurses working in educational-therapeutic centers in Ardabil city were studied. The stratified random sampling method was used to collect data using the Demographic Information Form and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS-26 software and descriptive (centrality and dispersion) and analytical (Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance) tests.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the samples was 33.71±7.29. Most of the studied nurses were female (72.2%), married (60.4%), and had a Bachelor's degree in nursing (88.5%). The mean happiness score in nurses was 65.62±14.11 and 68.9% of nurses stated their level of happiness as very good. There was a statistically significant correlation between the demographic variables including age, work experience, and satisfaction with income and job with happiness level (p<0.05).

Although the overall state of happiness of nurses in the educational-therapeutic centers of Ardabil was at a very good level, considering the importance of happiness in increasing the motivation and improving the quality of care of nurses, decision-makers in the health field should take effective interventions to maintain and improve the existing situation.

Effective communication is one of the most important aspects of nursing, without which it is impossible to perform many nursing duties. The present study aimed to compare the perspectives of nurses and patients on the nurse-patient communication status in the emergency and medical departments of educational-therapeutic centers in Ardabil city.

The present study is a descriptive and analytical study conducted with the participation of 108 nurses and 390 patients from the emergency and medical departments of educational-therapeutic centers in Ardabil city. The sampling method for nurses was census and for patients, convenient sampling was used. To collect data, the demographic information form and the Vukovic (2010) nurse-patient interaction questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and independent t-test, paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

The mean and standard deviation of the nurse-patient communication score from the patient's perspective was 3.96±0.93 and from the nurses' perspective, it was 3.74±0.69. There was a significant difference between the mean nurse-patient communications scores from the nurse and patient perspectives (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the patients’ educational level (p<0.001) and nurse gender (p=0.04) and nurse-patient communication status.

According to the results, the nurse-patient communication was in a better state from the patient's perspective in comparison to the nurses’ perspective. However, it is recommended to carry out precise management and organizational interventions and prepare the necessary conditions to improve the therapeutic communication process.

The Internet is one of the most important technical innovations in the field of information science, which has a wide impact on all aspects of education and research and its use in the field of public and specialized with a rapidly increasing rate of surprise. Is. On the other hand, online addiction is a psychological-social disorder that has many complications such as sleep disorders and anxiety. The present study aimed to determine the Internet addiction and its relationship with the quality of sleep and anxiety in students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population includes all students of nursing and midwifery faculties, medicine and paramedics, health, dentistry and pharmacy, and campus of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the statistical population of the 3,000 students of the above-mentioned colleges was 375, based on the formula for calculating the sample size of Cochran and increased by 10%. Samples were selected randomly from each faculty. In this way, the proportion of students to each college was allocated a quota and selected randomly according to the student list of samples up to the ceiling. Internet addiction inventory, Petersbug sleep quality questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory were used to collect data. Frequency, mean and standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis and single-variable regression tests and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data

The mean and standard deviation of internet addiction in women was 42.34 ± 13.20 and 42.05 ± 12.66, respectively. And with increasing Internet addiction, sleep problems and anxiety levels (P <0.01, B = .169) also increased. There was a positive correlation between internet addiction and sleep quality (P <0.02, P = 0.20) and students' anxiety (p <0.01).

This study was carried out to reveal the effect of individual and group education done by a nurseon smoking dependency and smoking cessation motivation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

The present randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Iran. A total of 255 patients wererandomly divided into three groups: 1) individual education, 2) group education, and 3) control. Data werecollected using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Smoking Cessation MotivationQuestionnaire (Q-MAT) one time before the intervention and two times after intervention (1st and 3rd months).

The mean scores of motivation for smoking cessation and smoking dependency in patients in theindividual and group education were significantly better than the control group after the intervention (1st and3rd months) (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the mean scores of smoking cessationmotivation and smoking dependency in patients in the individual education and group education groupsafter education, the status of the patients in the group education was slightly better.

Education by nurses might have a significant impact on smoking cessation motivation andsmoking dependency in patients with CAD. Further studies are recommended.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood and the first reason for children admitting to the emergency room. Mothers play an essential role in the recovery of a child with asthma and their high self-efficacy is associated with improving and controlling asthma symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the self-efficacy of mothers in caring of children with asthma referred to the subspecialty clinic and Ardabil educational-medical center of BuAli.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 266 mothers with 6-11 years children with asthma, who referred to BuAli Center and the subspecialty clinic of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected by available sampling method. Data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and motherschr('39') self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 statistical software and descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square and Pearson test) statistics.

The results showed that 51.9% (138) of mothers had good self-efficacy. Also, motherschr('39') self-efficacy had a statistically significant relationship with the level of education, occupation, source of maternal training, medical history and number of hospitalizations of the child (p<0.001).

The findings of the study showed that only about half of mothers with children with asthma have good self-efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary for decision makers of the countrychr('39')s health care system to take the necessary measures to strengthen and improve the self-efficacy of these mothers.

Background & Nurses, as the main members of the care and treatment teams, are at the forefront of health care provision and their performance largely determine the quality of health care. Moral distress can have many physical and psychological consequences in nurses and negatively affect their professional responsibilities. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of moral distress in nurses of emergency department of Ardabil hospitals in 2016.
This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 175 nurses, working in the emergency department of hospitals in Ardabil city, who were selected using a census sampling. The data gathering tools were demographic questionnaire and moral distress questionnaire for nurses. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency) and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze the data.
The findings indicated that mean and standard deviation of moral distress in nurses of emergency departments were in moderate level (1.87±0.89). Moral distress in nurses of emergency departments was higher than other departments in terms of non-observance of ethical principles (2.00±1.02). Among evaluated variables, there were significant positive correlations between service record, work shift, employment status and type of hospital with moral distress (p<0.05).
Regarding to moderate moral distress level in emergency nurses participating in this study, the managers of the organization should adopt the necessary methods and measures to identify the symptoms and detect the factors affecting the moral distress of nurses.

Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and other illnesses associated with smoking. Training seems to be effective in motivating cessation of smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of individual and group training on the smoking cessation motivation in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients admitted to Avesina Hospital in Qazvin. This study was a semi-experimental study conducted on smoker patients with diagnosis of CAD who were admitted to Avesina Hospital in Qazvin. 255 patients were enrolled in the study through available sampling. Patients were divided into three groups: individual training, group training and control. A standard two-part questionnaire, which included demographic data and a questionnaire of motivation to quit smoking, was used to collect data. The information was collected before training, and four and three months after the completion of the training. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.24 through descriptive statistic (mean and standard deviation), and chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. The mean of motivation score for smoking cessation before intervention in 3 groups of control, individual and group training were 9.4±2.7, 8.5±2.3, 8.7±2.4, respectively. At the first follow-up (4 weeks after intervention), these amounts in 3 groups of control, individual training and group training were 8.76±2.9, 13.5±2.5, and 5.2±14 (p= 0/001) and in the second follow-up (3 months after intervention), were 8.18±3.3, 13.3±2.8 and 14±2.7, respectively. The results showed that group training program resulted in increased motivation for smoking cessation. So, designing a group training program can have a significant effect on increasing motivation and creating lasting behavior for smoking cessation in CAD patients.

Inappropriate collaboration between nurse-physician effects on patient outcomes, job satisfaction of nurses, and hospital costs. This study aimed to determine nurses and physicians attitude toward nurse-physician collaboration in intensive care units of Ardabil.
This descriptive correlational study was performed on 126 nurses and 61 physicians working in intensive care units of educational and therapeutic centers of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using the Jefferson scale of attitudes toward the nurse-physician collaboration. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency) and inferential statistics (T-test and one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze the data.
The mean scores of the nurse-physician collaboration from nurses and physicians viewpoints were 47.83±3.9 and 47.85±4.25, respectively. There was no significant difference between attitudes of nurses and physicians toward collaboration (p=0.97). Comparing the scores of nurses-physicians in the four areas showed asignificant difference in “care vs. treatment” (p=0.025) and “nurses autonomy” (p=0.008) areas.
The results showed that nurses and physicians had a positive attitude toward nurse-physician collaboration. However, in some areas of collaboration, there are still differences in the attitudes of nurses and physicians. Given the importance of nurse-physician collaboration, especially in intensive care units, planning is needed to improve their attitude toward collaboration.

Nausea and vomiting are the most common side-effects of chemotherapy. Today, complementary and alternative medicine, such as music therapy, is used beside standard cancer treatments to control these side-effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of music therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
A single-blind randomized clinical trial study was done on 60 gastrointestinal cancer patients. Patients were randomly divided in two groups; control and music therapy. Patients in music therapy group were required to listen to quiet music for 45 minutes when receiving nausea-inducing chemotherapy drug (for gastric and esophagus cancer in 4th day and for colorectal cancer in 3rd day) in addition to the routine care. Control group just received routine care to control nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting were assessed by Rhodes questionnaire before and 24 hours after intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS (Version 24 software using T-test and the Chi-square.
Comparing to control group, nausea score was significantly reduced in music therapy group (p=0.01) while the rate of vomiting did not show any significant difference between two groups (p=0.42) (CI=%95).
Music therapy as a complementary and alternative medicine improves acute phase of chemotherapy-induced nausea in cancer patients, thus music therapy is recommended beside standard treatments to reduce nausea in gastrointestinal cancers patients.

Quality of work life is one of the most important factors that empowers human resources in healthcare system. It also improves employee’s job satisfaction. Because nursing is an important component of health care systems of a country, this survey carried out to determine the work-related quality of life of nurses in Ardabil province hospitals.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed by census sampling method on all nursing staff working in hospitals in Ardabil province. 812 nurses returned questionnaires. Data collection was done by a two-part questionnaire, consisted of demographic and quality of work life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v15 and descriptive and analytical statistical methods.
In this study, quality of work life of nurses was moderate (83.7%) and only 4.9% of them had a good quality of work life. There was a statistically significant correlation between quality of work life and employment status, shift work, hospital work and satisfaction with field of study (p According to the results of the study, the awareness of managers and planners from the quality of work life of nurses and the implementation of principled measures to improve it is necessary to provide the necessary conditions for improving the quality of nursing services.

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the nursing cares in order to keep open the endotracheal tube which may lead to secondary complications. Type of suctioning may affect the patients’ vital signs. This study was done with the aim of comparing the effect of open and closed suctioning on vital signs of patients with head trauma.
This Single blind crossover clinical trial study was performed on 88 head trauma patients who underwent mechanical ventilation hospitalized in surgical intensive care units of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2015-16. Open and closed suction with random allocation for each of patients in both groups, and changes in vital signs(Heart rate, Respiratory rate and Mean Arterial Pressure) at intervals before, during, immediately after, five, ten and fifteen minutes were measured. Data analyzed with Paired T-test, repeated measure ANOVA and Exact Fisher by using SPSS-22.
Average age of the study sample was 29±90 year. Most of the patients were males (n=60, 68%) and the majority of them had been admitted after motor vehicle accidents (75%).
The differences of heart rate, respiratory rate was statistically significant in before, during and immediately after open suctioning, but differences in mean arterial pressure was greater in the group received closed suctioning.
Changes on Heart rate and respiratory rate in open suctioning were more than closed. Therefore, the use of closed suctioning is recommended due to being more confident.

Havig a hearing loss children is a stressful and unanticipated experience for their parents. Their mothers need a specific social and spiritual support to provide care for their children. This study aimed to understand the concerns of mothers who have a congenitally hearing loss child. In this qualitative content analysis, by using purposeful sampling method, 12 mothers with hearing loss children were participated in the semi-structural and deep interviews. Gathered data were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis provided by Graneheim et al. The concerns of mothers of hearing loss children were categorized in three main themes: ‘the concerns related to the nature of hearing losses, ‘the social concerns’ and ‘concerns about future’. Among the future concerns, possibility of having another deaf child birth and the occurrence of it in the grand-children were the most important ones. M others of deaf children are experiencing the varieties of concerns. To cope with these concerns, they need a special consideration by social and health professionals. Modification of the concerns can decrease the child-related stress, and consequently encourage them to be involved in child care.

Amputation is highly effective on mental status, family and social relationships. Adjustment and modification of lifestyle is known as the strongest force to successful coping with amputation and stressful situations and it facilitates tolerance of problems for patients. The aim of this study was to explanation of effective factors in adjustment and modification of lifestyle in traumatic patients during the process of adaptation to amputation of lower limbs.Participants & This qualitative study using content analysis method was done among patients with traumatic lower limb amputations in Ardabil. 20 participants were selected using purposive sampling from Veterans Foundation and Welfare Administration of Ardabil. The main method of data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with open questions. Data was analyzed using MAXq10 software word by word based on the 5 Steps of Lundman and Graneheim. Central and pivotal concept of lifestyle was consisted from underlying and primary classes and events such as "getting the information", "the sense of independence", "pain control", "prosthesis replacement", "routines management", "exercise", "traveling" and "continuing the education". The use of effective coping strategies, along with social support is the main factor in adaptation and compromise with amputation and lifestyle modification.

Nowadays, notice to multiple dimensions of health and in other word “quality of life” is too important. Because of the important role of nurses and administrative staff in providing health care services and community health, the present study was done in Ardabil University of medical sciences to compare quality of life of administrative staff and nurses of Ardabil educational Centers. This descriptive–analytical study was conducted in 2011-2012. 250 nurses and 252 administrative employees working in headquarters departments, faculties and Health Centers were selected from the employment list randomly were collected using a demographic occupational factor and quality of life’s valid questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Spss v.19 software. There were 234 men and 268 women in samples. Largest sample with 44% were aged 30 to 40 years. Results showed that the total score of physical health and mental health of staff was better than nurses. Also, in the domains of physical function, social function, physical health, there was statistically significant difference, and the staffs had better condition than nurses (p >0.05) Perhaps we could say that, one of the reasons of good quality of life in administrative nurses is due to nurse’s difficult working conditions and ignorance of their social health and support, workload and hard work. So, in order to achieve perfect efficiency in delivery of nursing services, it's recommended that managers pay attention to nurse's different dimensions of quality of life.

The importance of considering to job stress among women is not related to loss of economics alone, but it makes an unsafe condition in health of body and soul of person, family and society, too. This study was aimed to determine the rate of job stress among employed women in Ardebil during 2010. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 1250 governmental-employed women were selected in different offices of Ardabil city. Data were collected by job-contained Karasek questionnaire and results were analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that 62.8% of women experienced medium level of stress and 36.5% revealed to have severe stress. Our findings significantly showed that there are relationship between stress rate of individuals with number of children, level of education, place of living, job experience, rate of work hours per day and night work shift, employment status, physical and mental diseases (p <0.05). With respect to severe stress found in employed women in study setting, it seems to need to increase mental health indices in individuals, families and community, and the authorities should develop a comprehensive plan to enhance productivity and satisfaction among employees.

Entering to the university and starting of student’s living can be named as a beginning of dreaming or complex of unknowns, exchanges, evolutions of any case, that with no doubt it has some effects such as depression, adjustment, behavior and morals disorders and anxiety feelings. For the reason that praying, worship and devotion in Islamic culture is a mention and scriptural, mentions can be as support against the difficulties and misfortunes. This research is done to emphasis on this fact. The study was descriptive analytical in design, that carried out on 403 students with stratified sampling from medical university of Ardabil. two questionnaire for data collecting were used that included For analyzing the data, we used the descriptive and inferential statistics. the prevalence of depression in students was 50/8. There was a significant relation (p< 0/05) between economic states with depression. Students have positive attitude to prayer and there was a statistical relation between sex, education, marital states, local occupancy, education level of mother, model semester, with prayer and inverse relation between prayer and depression. regarding to this research results and importance of other that reducing mean of depression range. Researchers recommended to access physical and spiritual prayer benefits and cure of depression it is necessary to ‍َي®— the culture pray in university and socials.

Since the students majoring in different Fields of medicine are going to play key roles regarding Community health in the future, it seams necessary to characterize problems threatening their mental health. This study was performed in order to evaluate students’ mental health status in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences In this descriptive-analytical study, 352 students were selected through census and were requested to fill out general health questionnaire (GHQ) with 28 questions as well as personal information questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi- square. The findings indicate that students have problems in physical (1.7%), and social function (4.3%), anxiety and insomnia (2.3%) of them suffer from severe depression (2%). Also according to cut point (23) 22.7% students were suspected of mental disorders. In this research, there was no significant difference in mental disorders between male and female students, but there was a meaningful relationship between status with paternal educational degree and family size and mother's job (p< 0.05). according to the findings, student's psychological evaluation and counseling service in different fields to promote student mental health, is recommended

Emphasiz to the research in any country leads to develop and progress of it, and it presents the self- sufficiency and real independence for that country. The first step to optimize the research in society is to obtain the correct understandding fromcapabilities, possibilities and to find the weakness and strength aspects of investigations. This study aspeet's of has been done regarding the above-mentioned aims. This was a descriptive-cross-sectional study, that has been done to determine the view of Ardabil province Universities scientific member's about research and its limitations by simple sampling. Data collection tools were questionnaire including two parts: the first part, consisted of personal-social specifications and the second part, consisted of five parts (personal, intra- organizational, extra-organizational limitations, characteristics and their attitudes to research. the results showed that in related to the personal limitation overworking with mean 2/75±2/48, in the intra-organizational limitations, to be low the investigation payment in relation to the passed time with mean 3102±1/14, in the extra-organizational ones, ineffectiveness of the investigation results in managers decision 2/81±/44, in the characteristics, sensitivity of the scientific research 2/8±1/17 and in to promote and progress of the society, with mean 4/72 ± /53 had the highest scores. many factors such as parsonaling, intra-and extra-organizational and characteristic factors, attitude to research on the view of scientific members of the restriction factors

Nowadays, by developing of the science and to increase the scientific Issues in all fields, can to see that the academic success in universities is resulted from effective trying, right study and time management. One the unsuccessful causes in some students is not to know the studying ways and its related skills. This study has been done in this case. This descriptive study has been done on 686 persons of Ardabil city students. Its measuring tools is the self-constructed questionnaire in two parts the first part includes of; specifications, of personal and social, study duration, and the second part contains the questions about to understand the effective study. Random sampling was selected for students of any universities. The collected data analyzed by spss soft ware by using analytical and descriptive statistics. Age mean between students was 21.51 ± 21.65 and studying duration was 1.43±0.43 days. Only 15.59% of them had regular study in academic term. The most important of the study drawbacks were lack of sufficient motive, (44.36%) and unconfidence to future job (30.47%)only 16.03% student that they have a regular program for studying and learning. 33.09 of students had good understanding, 58.1 mean and 8.75% weak ones related to the sufficient study. The understanding rate of students residing in city districts and state universities was more than rural areas and Azad universities and this difference was significant statistically.(p<0.05). This investigation indicates that many student have middle understanding on the sufficient study. Then, to recognize the study way and its education in the beginning of the university studying is necessary.