تقی پورابراهیم

Aging is also a pandemic process in living organisms, including humans, and it is a sensitive period of life that changes the different dimensions of a person's life. Psychological factors affecting physical and mental health during this period include attachment styles. The present study was therefore aimed at examining the differences in attachment styles between middle-aged, elderly and elderly.

The present research method was based on the study and comparison of the differences between the three groups. The statistical community of this study was middle-aged (45-60 years), elderly (60-75 years) and old (75-90 years) in the cities of Tehran and Karaj, who were selected through the available sampling method and to the number of 180 statistical samples (60 middle-aged, 60 elderlies and 60 old). These people completed the Collins-Reed attachment style questionnaire(RAAS) online and individually and analyzed the data obtained from the questionnaire based on the one-way variance analysis method.

The results showed that avoidance attachment among the elderly and elderly had the highest average, but the results of the variance analysis also showed that there was no significant difference between the elderly, middle-aged and elderly in terms of attachment styles.

So it can be concluded that over time, there is not much difference in the attachment style between middle-aged and elderly and elderly.

Considering the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in developing countries, the increase in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as well as the adverse effects of these pregnancies on the mental health of couples، it is necessary to understand the experience of high-risk pregnancy in couples. Since one of the most realistic ways to achieve the challenges ahead is to use people's own experiences, this study was conducted with aim to explain the experience of couples with high-risk pregnancies.

 This qualitative study was conducted in 2018 on couples with high-risk pregnancies in the health centers and Sayad Hospital in Gorgan. The participants were selected in a purposeful way and with maximum diversity for structured in-depth interviews. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used for data accuracy. The data collection and analysis was done simultaneously based on the contract qualitative content analysis process based on Granheim's method and by MAXQDA software (version 10).

 Totally, 23 couples with high-risk pregnancies participated. The age range of women was 20-45 years and men were 22-52 years. The contents included the concern and fear of couples for maternal and fetal health, the way to deal with the problem, and need to comprehensive services and support of the relatives.

 Considering the worry about maternal and fetal health and the lack of comprehensive services, paying attention to increasing information and acquiring skills to cope with problems and a healthy lifestyle in couples, as well as providing comprehensive supportive services and support of the relatives is required in order to couples have a good experience of high-risk pregnancy by reducing high-risk pregnancy complications.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on sexual satisfaction and body image in women with drug abuse.  The research method was quasi-experimental, including a pre-test, post-test design with a control group, and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population comprised all individuals with opioid abuse who referred to addiction treatment centers for women in Tehran in 2014. Using the available sampling method, 28 women at Behbud Gostarane Hamgam were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research tools were the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) by Rosen & Heiman (2000) and the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) by Littleton, Axom & Pury (2005). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes (twice a week) of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for one month. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.  The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective in improving sexual satisfaction and body image in women with drug abuse, and this effect was sustained in the follow-up examination (p > 0.05).  Results provide preliminary support for the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to address concerns about body image and increase sexual satisfaction in women with substance abuse.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented group counseling and Lyubomirsky's happiness education on life expectancy in adolescents with a history of suicide. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of two months period. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male students in the first and second year of high school in the 20th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2022-2023 who had a history of suicide attempts and were referred to the education counseling center. 45 people were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The tool of research was Miller's Life Expectancy Questionnaire (MHS, 1988). The intervention of emotion-oriented group counseling and Lyubomirski's happiness training was implemented in 8 sessions of 120 minutes twice a week as a group for the first and second experimental groups. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of life expectancy (P<0.05) and Lyubomirski's happiness education significantly affects the life expectancy of adolescents with a history of Suicide was more effective and a significant difference was observed between the two treatments (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant difference between Lyubomirski's happiness training and emotion-oriented group counseling.

Marriage is one of the most important decisions for every person. Various factors influence attitudes towards marriage. One of the factors that influences attitudes towards marriage may be career decision. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between career decision making and attitude towards marriage among students.

The present research is a descriptive study. The statistical population of this research included all students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran province in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample size was 297 people selected by random cluster sampling method using the Krejcie and Morgan table. To collect data, Betz et al.'s career decision questionnaires (1996) and Braaten and Rosen's Marital Attitude Scale (MAS) (1998) were used. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Statistics. After checking the normality of the data by Kolmogorov Smirnov test, parametric tests were used.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between career decision-making and attitude towards marriage among students. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between career path and attitude towards marriage among students. In addition, the findings indicated that there is a difference between career decision-making among male students and female students. This study also showed that there is no difference between the career paths of male and female students. Also, there was no difference between the attitudes towards marriage among male and female students and they were almost the same (p>005).

The aim of this study was to compare attitudes and tendencies towards premarital relationships and irrational beliefs with self-restraint in male and female students.

The research method was descriptive causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti University in 2015-2016, from which 365 people (170 boys and 195 girls) were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method. Tools for data collection included the following questionnaires: Irrational Beliefs (Jones, 1980), Premarital Relationship (Cordlow, 2001), and the Self-Determent Questionnaire (Weinberger and Schwartz, 1990).

Data analysis by independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between attitudes and tendencies towards premarital relationship, irrational beliefs and self-restraint in male and female students (P<0.01).

The results showed that gender is a factor influencing attitudes and tendencies towards premarital relationships, irrational beliefs and self-restraint. As such, males had greater attitudes and tendencies toward premarital relationships, and lower irrational and slef-restrait, compared with female students.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of marital boredom based on attachment styles in married people: with a mediating role of differentiation.

In terms of the applied purpose of the research, the research design was descriptive and the type of correlation was modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all young married men and women between the ages of 20-35 who referred to psychology and counseling clinics in Tehran using the sampling method available to 480 people (289 females, 191 males) as a sample were chosen. Data were collected using the Pinner Marital Boredom Scale (1996), the Scorne and Friedlander (1998) Differentiation Questionnaire, and the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (1990).

The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between marital differentiation and boredom, Also, differentiation has a negative relationship with insecure attachment styles (ambiguous / avoidant) and on the other hand has a positive and significant relationship with insecure attachment style and has a mediating role in the relationship between avoidant attachment style and marital boredom.

Considering the relationship between attachment styles and marital boredom and also considering the mediating role of differentiation in the relationship between marital attachment and boredom styles, it is concluded that paying attention to these two variables in premarital interventions and couples counselors and family psychologists in preventing Injuries to a couple's relationship are effective

Research has shown that emotional distress can be affected by body image and family circumstances. Therefore; the aim of this study was to analyze the structural equations of emotional malaise based on family emotional atmosphere and attachment styles mediated by differentiation and body image.

The research method is descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all married men and women living in District 2 of Tehran in 1399. The sample size was estimated to be 400 using the method proposed by Schumacher and Lomax (2004). Sampling method was available and online. Research tools included questionnaires including Toronto Mood Disorder (1994), Hillburn Family Emotional Atmosphere (1964), Collins and Reed Attachment Styles (1990), Scorne and Friedlander (1988) Differentiation, and Director and Garcia (2002) Body Image. They were. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling technique was used in AMOS software environment.  

Findings showed that anxious attachment style has a positive and dependency and closeness style, family emotional atmosphere, self-differentiation and body image have a negative and significant effect on emotional malaise. It also mediates the effect of anxiety attachment style on emotional malaise in a positive way and the effect of closeness attachment style on emotional malaise in a negative and significant way. Body image mediates the effect of anxiety attachment style on emotional malaise in a positive way and the effect of closeness attachment style on emotional malaise in a negative and meaningful way. Self-differentiation mediates AND Body images the effect of family emotional climate on emotional malaise in a negative and meaningful way.

It seems that improving the emotional atmosphere of the family and attachment style, both directly and by increasing their self-esteem and improving their body image, is effective in reducing emotional distress in married people.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group training based on positive psychology on job motivation and job motivation of Modares Hospital laboratory staff. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study includes all employees (80 people) of Modares Hospital laboratory in 1398. In these centers, 30 people were selected as a sample to participate in this study by simple random sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. 2002) and the Wright Job Motivation Questionnaire (2004). To analyze the obtained data and test the research hypotheses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and univariate analysis of covariance were used using 24spss software. The results showed that group training based on positivity significantly increased employees 'job motivation (F = 16.09, p = 0.001) and employees' job motivation (F = 19.23, p = 0.001). have given. Therefore, this method can be used to promote employee motivation and job enthusiasm in organizational environments.   Keywords: Positive Psychology, Job Attitude, Job Motivation Key words: Positive attitude,Job passion , Job motivation

The aim of this study was to compare the parenting stress, negative emotions and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among mothers of children with and without learning disability. The study method was casual-comparative. The study population consisted of all mothers of children with and without learning disability (Each group of 90 mothers). The sample of study was chosen using the convenient sampling method. The measuring instruments were Questionnaires of learning disabilities (CLDQ), parenting stress (PSI), negative emotions (DASS) and cognitive emotion regulation (ERQ). The data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the levels of parenting stress, negative emotions and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mothers of children with learning disability were higher than m mothers of children without learning disability. Also adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mothers of children without learning disability were higher than mothers of children with learning disability. Therefore, stress, negative emotions and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation of these mothers can be predicted and prevented with the necessary training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sexual desire and sexual arousal in women with drug abuse.

This present study is a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women with drug abuse referred to addiction treatment centers for women in Tehran in 2015. Among which, 28 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly placed into experimental (n=14) and control (n=14) groups. The instruments used in this study included the demographic questionnaire, the femaleschr('39') sexual function inventory, and the women’s sexual interest diagnostic interview. The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy package was taught to the experimental group for one month in eight 90-minute sessions (twice a week). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had significant effects on improving sexual desire and sexual arousal in women with drug abuse and these effects were stable in the follow-up phase.

It seems that mindfulness along with other interventions such as medication and medical interventions can be effective in improving sexual desire and arousal in women with drug abuse.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of computer educational game on improving the understanding of mathematical concepts of students with specific learning disabilities in the third baseline. In this study, 23 students with math learning disorder were selected from the statistical population of the male and female students of the 3rd grade elementary school in the city of Mianeh (1265 people) after performing KeyMath and reiven matrix tests. They were then randomly assigned to both experimental and control groups. The experimental group was individually trained for 10 sessions of 30 minutes, under the supervision of Misha and Kousha computer games. But the control group used only regular school education. The results showed that the mean scores of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. So based on this study, we can conclude that educational computer games can improve the understanding of mathematical concepts (basic concepts, basic operations and function) in particular students with learning disorders associated with defects in the math.

Technological advances have created tools and technologies for mankind. These advanced tools, such as cars, act as double-edged swords in the lives of people in society. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of emotional climate and family performance in high risk driving behaviors. The research method was descriptive and correlational. From the high-risk driver population of Tehran, 150 drivers were selected by convenience sampling. The measuring instruments were family emotional climate questionnaire, family functioning questionnaire and Manchester driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ). The data were analyzed by correlation and regression statistical methods. A significant negative relationship was found between the predictor variables and the criterion variable. With the increase in emotional climate and family functioning, risky driving behaviors decreased and with decreasing emotional climate and family performance, risky behaviors increased. By giving responsibility and identifying the roles and expectations of its members to perform well and by creating a calm and intimate atmosphere, the family can mature and prevent emotional and sensitive behaviors – such as high risk behaviors – in driving.

An important feature of the aging period is compatibility with physical, psychological and social changes. Due to the various challenges that arise from late adulthood to aging, aging is defined as a process that requires continuous compatibility.

The population of this qualitative study was selected among the elderly of Yazd City using content analysis. In 2018, purposive sampling was continued until data saturation. Data were collected through 52 semi-structured interviews, of which 26 (13 women and 13 men) with the older adults and 26 (13 women and 13 men) with the oldest old population. The data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection via qualitative content method and Colaizzi's analysis.

Data analysis led to the identification and extraction of two themes or categories that reflected the experiences of the old-old and oldest-old population toward compatibility with aging and included two categories of efficient and inefficient compatibility.

The old-old and oldest-old men and women believe that receiving financial assistance and welfare services from government institutions is considered a useful compatibility, which is further emphasized with aging and entering in to the aging.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of positive thinking on resilience and depression in female older adults resident in sanatorium. The research method used pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population included all female older adults resident in sanatorium (FOARS) in Tehran city. Thirty FOARS were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Educational protocols and a Group Positive Guidance Guide were used for training. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that positive attitude and positive thinking reduced depression and increased resilience in FOARS. Hence, in various interventions intended for these elderly women, positive psychological intervention can be included too.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training and attention exercises on spelling ability and academic performance of students with learning disabilities. The present study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up dwsign and control group, and statistical population consisted of third-grade female students of Shahriyar and Malard, the number of which was 23839 during academic year 96-95. The students were selected using random cluster sampling method from 4 districts, from which Malard and Shahriar districts were chosen, from among 260 schools of these 2 districts, Hajia Noori, Maryam and Hazrat Zaynab schools were selected. Finally, from each school, two classes were chosen and after screening the students by Iowa Raven Test, and teacher-made spelling test 30 students were chosen and assigned to two groups of 15 girls. In addition, for evaluating the educational performance, teacher-made educational performance test was utilized. The students participated in Fletcher’s 2007 training program twice a week during ten sessions of 45 minutes. To analyze the data, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements was used. Results showed the effectiveness of attention teaching and exercises on improving the ability of spelling (P=0.0001, F=21.19) and academic performance in students with learning disabilities (F=22.67, P=0.001). Since attention teaching and exercises improves spelling ability and educational performance, teachers can use this method in the schools to prevent spelling problems and decline in educational performance.

Parents 'infidelity is stressful for children and children affected by their parents' infidelity at any age. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the correlation between moral intelligence and attitude towards infidelity in two groups of children with and without parental infidelity experience. The research method was correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals over 18 years of age with and without experience of parents' infidelity in the four districts of Tehran in 2016-2017. The empowerment analysis method was used to select 212 people through available sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire of moral intelligence Lennik & Kiel 2005 and attitude toward infidelity Whitley 2006. For data analysis, independent t-test and z-Fisher used. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the attitude toward infidelity in two groups of children with and without parental infidelity experience (p <0.05). In addition, the components of moral intelligence are two components of commitment to act (p

This present study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of group Logo Therapy in Autistic Children' Mothers on meaning of life and family function .Statistic population included all mothers of autistic children in Beh-Ara Autism Center referred to the vote in February and March 2017 respectively. The mothers criteria of the sample using a convenience sampling method, a total of 20 people were selected as sample and randomly divided into control and experimental groups were housed. Research design was pretest-post-test design with control group and follow-up. The "purpose in life (PIL)" and ''family function (FAD)" questionnaire was used as research tools. Based on the educational group logo therapy sessions over eight sessions at ninety minutes and held twice a week. At 4 weeks after the intervention, both groups were assessed and within five weeks of follow-up test after test run was performed. In order to analyze the data of mixed analysis of variance was used. Results showed that there were significant differences in the mean scores of experimental and control groups and group logo therapy enhances family function and the meaning of life and improve the performance of mothers of children with autism in the treatment group compared with the control group (P

Obsessive beliefs as disturbing thoughts in the mind have a destructive effect on psychological and behavioral balance. Of the major problems that obsessive individuals face, it is a low resilience; psychologically, resilient or invulnerable, that is, the ability of some individuals to overcome what is severely threatening their growth. On the other hand, in this research, we try to reduce obsession and increase the resilience with the use of psychometric approach. Although there is evidence of the effect of allegory on resonance, in Iran, however, there has not yet been a study titled "The Effect of Logical Therapy on the Reduction of Obsessive Beliefs and Increasing Perseverance." Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of group therapy on reduction of obsessive-compulsive beliefs and increased resiliency in women. This was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control and experimental group. The ISAR of the Obsessive-Verbal Beliefs-OBQ 44 tests and the Conner-Davidson Consolidation Scale (CD-RISC). The statistical population consisted of all women in Tehran who were selected through a population sampling method of twenty women who scored higher scores on this scale of obsessive beliefs. To obtain information from a community of mothers of the students, an educational complex was used in Tehran's 3rd District. The questionnaire of obsessive-compulsive beliefs was given to one hundred people aged between 30 and 45 years old. Twenty people who scored higher scores on this scale were selected as samples. The criterion for entering the community was only the scale of obsessive beliefs. After selecting the sample, the resilience scale was also performed as a second variable (another pre-test) on the sample. Then, 10 people in the experimental group and 10 in the control group were randomly assigned. In the interval between pre-test and post-test, the training group underwent a group of 10 sessions of semantic therapy. Post-extraction research data were analyzed by repeated measurements analysis using SPSS software. To analyze the variance for repeated measures, we examined the assumptions of this test. Shapiro Wilk test was used to check the normal scores. The results showed that the distribution of data is normal. Levin's findings also showed that the homogeneous assumption of covariance of data and the slope of regression is established. The results of Mocheli's test also showed that there is no spheroidal assumption, and therefore we can use the result of in-group tests with moderate degrees of freedom and the Hove-Felt correction. The mean of the irradiation variables for the control group in the pretest was 67.33, in the post-test, 66.22 and in the follow-up period, was 67.66, and for the experimental group in the pretest, 68.22, in the post-test, 82.77,and the follow up was 78.22. The mean of obsessive-compulsive beliefs in the control group was 198.00 in the pretest, 184.44 in the post test and 193.11 in the follow-up phase, and for the experimental group in the pretest 213.22, in the post-test 122.55 and in the stage the follow up was 124.22. Also, the results showed that the f value in the obsessive-compulsive belief variable was significant at α=0.05, and considering that the mean of the experimental group in the obsessive-compulsive belief variable was lower than that of the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages, then the group's Logotherapy The reduction of obsessive-compulsive beliefs and its components, which included accountability from risk assessment, perfectionism versus the need for assurance, and the importance of thinking toward control of behavior, was effective (p<0.01). Also, the findings showed that the value of f in the resiliency variable was significant at the level of α=0.05, and considering that the mean of the experimental group in the resiliency variable was increased in comparison with the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages; therefore, A group is effective in increasing the resiliency (p<0.01). This research investigated effect of logotherapy on obsessive beliefs and resilience in women. The result suggested improvement on component of resilience in the experimental group, namely perfectionism/certainty (PC), responsibility and the overestimation of threat (RT) and importance/thought control (ICT). Thus the treatment method is suggested to increase resilience.

This study aims to survey on relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction in universities central libraries librarians of the ministry of science research and technology in Tehran.
Research It was an applied research using descriptive _ correlative method. The population of the study is 300 librarians from which, by using the sample table of Morgan 170 people were chosen by random and proportional method for study sample. For gathering study data, emotional intelligence of Cibriashearing were used and job satisfaction questionnaire of Fild and Roth were used too. For analysis of gathered data, Pearson correlation tests, one sample and independent T, one way variance and regression were used.
Findings: The study findings showed that there is a meaningful relation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction of librarians. The study findings showed that emotional intelligence and job satisfaction in librarians is above average. But there is no meaningful relation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction with regard to sex, education and career history. Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction are important indicators in order to improve the quality of services in academic libraries are librarians. Therefore, it is important that the central libraries of universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in Tehran, the creation of job satisfaction for their libraries, regardless of gender, level of education and work experience provide the other hand, the librarians use the emotional intelligence skills are benefited

The results of the studies are different about the relationship between mental stress and hypertensive disorders as one of the most important unresolved issues in obstetrics. This review study was performed with aim to present a regulated collection of recent studies on the relationship between mental stress and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
In this review study, the related English and Persian papers were collected from databases of Google scholar, Pubmed , Scienc direct , SID , Irandoc and using the key words of stress, mental, preeclampsia and the Persian words of stress, preeclampsia, eclampsia, pregnancy- induced hypertension, and toxemia from 1980 to 2017. The papers which got the score of 16 in evaluation based on STROBE checklist were entered to this study. Results were presented as qualitative report.
Finally, 8 papers were entered to the study that evaluated different type of stress by various scales. In these studies, there was no sufficient homogeneous for combining data, so data were only reported. Among these studies, there was significant relationship between maternal mental stress and hypertensive disorders in 6 studies and no relationship was found in other two studies.
In majority of studies, there was relationship between stress and hypertensive disorders. However, more prospective analytical studies with controlling confounding variables is required to more determine this relationship.

Emotional divorce is one of the serious harms in marital relationships. The informality and secrecy of this issue necessitate careful research in this field. The aim of this study was to compare self-differentiation and its components in married women with and without emotional divorce. This research is causal-comparative in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of how to collect information. The statistical population of this study included all married and employed women in Tehran. From this community, 300 people were considered as a sufficient sample size, which was reduced to 277 people after removing the distorted answers. The selected samples then answered their Differentiation Questionnaire (DSI-R) and emotional divorce and univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results of analysis of variance showed that among the three differentiation components, "emotional reactivity", "emotional escape" and "integration with others" have a significant difference in married women with and without emotional divorce, but in the component "my situation" There was no significant difference between the two groups. The results also showed a significant difference between the two groups in their differentiation. Thus, women in the context of emotional divorce were less differentiated. Significant differences between married women with and without emotional divorce in differentiation indicate the importance and impact of these variables on the quality of the couple's relationship. Therefore, examining the differences between couples in these cases in premarital counseling and providing them with the necessary solutions and training can play an effective role in reducing couples' conflicts and preventing emotional divorce.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of marital boredom with the mediation of the quality of maternal care in anticipation of externalizing and internalizing problems of children. The statistical population of this study was 7 to 10 year-old children in Tehran. The sample consists of 321 children (144 boys and 177 girls) that were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling and the questionnaires were completed by their mothers. The tools which were used: Couple boredom Inventory, quality of maternal care Inventory, and Child Behavior Checklist. Finally, the data was analyzed by correlation, regression analysis and analysis of variance, using 22th version of SPSS. The mediator variable quality of maternal care in the relationship between marital boredom and externalizing and internalizing problems of children, has the role of mediator; moreover, there are significant differences in externalizing problems between the genders. The quality of maternal care for children plays a significant role in emotional and behavioral problems. The mothers, who show a kind of weakness in their roles as a mother, will confront with difficulties in the upbringing of their children and this matter causes increasing difficulties in children

This study was undertaken to compare social adjustment and academic achievement of female children with secure and insecure attachment patterns. The research type was descriptive¡ causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all 10-12-year-old elementary school girls in Tehran in academic year 2014-2015. The statistical sample consisted of 205 students who were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The instrumentation comprised Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters¡ Ronaghi’s Attachment Scale of Middle Childhood as well as Dortaj’s Academic Performance Questionnaire. For the purpose of data analysis¡ independent samples t-test and multivariate analysis of variance were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between attachment styles¡ social adjustment¡ and academic achievement of children with secure and insecure attachment patterns (p

Couple burnout, the main reason for low quality of marital relationship if untreated, will predispose the couples to divorce. In addition, it is one of the main problems that because of its adverse and destructive effects on marital relation can create psycho-emotional gap. This study aimed to address the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in reducing marital burnout and optimizing the quality of marital relationship among the married women.
This quasi-experimental study was performed with a pretest-posttest design and a purposeful, random assignment sampling. The data gathering tools was the couple Burnout Inventory of Pines (Couple Burnout Measure 1996), Johnson and Morrow (Inventory of Marital State 1988) which were completed by participants in the pretest period. The experimental group were exposed to the solution-focused brief therapy for eight sessions (one and half an hour each) with stepwise manner and a weekly sequence. However, no intervention was performed in Control group. Following the completion of the sessions, the questionnaires were again completed by the participants.
The MANCOVA and ANCOVA analyses of data showed a significant reduction in marital burnout and optimization for quality of marital relationship among the married women participated in the study.
The solution-focused brief therapy can be conducted by family counselors and therapists as an effective modality in reducing the marital burnout, optimizing the quality of marital relationship for women and responding to their therapeutic needs.