جاوید پیمانی

Cancer and the fear of its recurrence significantly impact individual performance and quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on fear of recurrence, body image, and disease perception in women with breast cancer. This quasi-experimental study examined the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy using a pre-test and post-test design with three groups of 15 participants each. The study included women with breast cancer referred to Karaj psychiatric treatment centers in Karaj during the first 6 months of 2022. The data were collected using the Bradbett Disease Perception questionnaire, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22.  The results indicated that the mean scores for fear of recurrence, body image, and disease perception were higher in the pre-test than in the post-test stages across the cognitive-behavioral therapy group, the mindfulness-based therapy group, and the control group. The mean difference between the cognitive-behavioral therapy group and the control group was 39.31 for fear of recurrence and 56.06 for body image, showing a significant difference (P=0.01). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy led to reduced dissatisfaction decreased body-related concerns, and lower fear of negative evaluation in the experimental group than in the control group. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could modify body image and reduce the fear of negative evaluation, thereby improving the quality of life for women with breast cancer.

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neuropsychological disorder. This disorder causes problems and damage to normal functions such as academic achievement, behavior in school, interaction with family, and communication with peers. Research shows that defects in cognitive functions are prevalent in these children. So, children with ADHD face severe problems in the executive functions of the brain, such as working memory. Although the use of computer programs to improve the performance of children with hyperactivity disorder has gained significant popularity today, better results can be achieved by integrating these programs with family–oriented educational/therapeutic techniques. Since there has not been a study on the effectiveness of a combined family–centered and computer–aided educational program in improving the problems of children with attention deficits, based on this, the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive family–centered computer–assisted program in improving the working memory of 6–9 years old children with ADHD was performed.

This quasi–experimental research employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The study population included children with ADHD in the age range of 6 to 9 years in Tehran City, Iran. They were referred to Hasti and Parsa medical clinics in the academic year of 2022–2023 and were diagnosed with hyperactivity. The research sample included 30 children selected by convenience sampling and randomly replaced into two groups of each 15: experimental and control. The research tool was the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–4th Edition (2003). The implementation method was such that after the necessary coordination with the officials of Hasti and Parsa clinics, the implementation of the research began. In this way, the working memory pretest was performed first for both groups (experimental and control). The treatment sessions were conducted in 9 sessions for the experimental group, but no intervention was applied for the control group, and the intervention was completed immediately after. The posttest was carried out for the experimental and the control groups. To comply with the ethical principles of the research, treatment sessions were given to the people of the control group after the research, and they were also assured about the confidentiality of the information of the research samples. In this way, the required data was collected. Finally, using SPSS version 26 software, the independent t test was used to compare the ages of the two groups, and covariance tests were used to measure effectiveness at the 0.05 level.

According to descriptive findings, the scores of the experimental group showed noticeable changes in all three dimensions of working memory compared to the control group's scores. So, the average score of the experimental group in the dimension of forward digits increased from 7.594±0.942 in the pretest to 8.888±0.734 in the posttest. The average dimension of backward digits increased from 7.683±0.903 to 8.712±0.613, and finally, the average dimension of numerical sequence increased from 8.514±0.702 in the pretest to 9.313±0.731. In the control group, the changes were almost very minor. The result of the covariance analysis showed that after removing the effect of the pretest, the average posttest scores of the two groups had a statistically significant difference in the variables of forward digits (p=0.003), backward digits (p=0.038) and numerical sequence (p=0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of a computer–assisted comprehensive family–centered program in increasing working memory in Children with ADHD, this program has validity, and this package can be used in interventions related to solving the behavioral, cognitive, social, and academic problems of these children.

Societal realities indicate a decrease in the desire for marriage among students. This decline may be attributed to changes in thinking styles and decision-making processes, which significantly influence youth and communities, particularly in areas such as marriage and youth relationships. This study aims to investigate thinking styles and decision-making in the desire for marriage among students.

The present study is descriptive correlational research. The research population consisted of master's degree students at Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods Branch, in the academic year 2022-23. A sample of 229 individuals was selected non-randomly, using G*power software, based on availability and purposive sampling. 

Statistical results indicate that among the components of thinking styles, the conservative thinking style (β = 0.044, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) and the elitist thinking style (β = 0.009, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) can predict the desire for marriage. Additionally, among the components of decision-making style, the dependency component (β = 0.001, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) can predict the desire for marriage.

According to the results, young people are more cautious about marriage and the responsibilities of marriage and prefer to proceed according to conservative thinking with current customs and norms; Also, based on the oligarchy's thinking style, they have a challenge in prioritizing the important tasks of life, and apparently this is the reason that they are more interested in stabilizing their job conditions than marriage and partner selection.

The complex nature of the emotional-behavioral problems of homeless teenagers requires the investigation and application of new educational support programs. This research was conducted by examining the role of attachment orientations and spiritual effects in predicting post-traumatic growth in orphaned girls.

The present study was descriptive cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population included all the unaccompanied teenage girls covered by the Welfare Organization of Tehran in 2022, out of whom 300 were selected by available sampling method. They completed the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory by Tabachenik and Feidel, the Attachment Style Questionnaire by Hazen and Shaver, and the Resilience Questionnaire by Connor and Davidson. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used for data analysis. In this research, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not report any conflict of interest.

The results of the research showed that spiritual influences (r=0.65 and P<0.012), secure attachment (r=0.71 and P<0.011), avoidant attachment (r=0.73 and P<0.023), and ambivalent attachment (r=0.70 and P<0.018) have a significant correlation with post-traumatic growth in adolescent girls. Regression analysis showed that about 53% of the variance in post-traumatic growth is explained through the variables of attachment orientations and spiritual effects (R2=0.53). According to beta values, secure attachment (β=0.247 and P<0.011), spiritual influences (β=0.226 and P<0.014), ambivalent attachment (β=0.173 and P<0.026), and avoidant attachment (β=0.159 and P<0.032) were, respectively, the strongest to weakest factors in explaining post-traumatic growth.

According to the obtained results, modifying attachment orientations and strengthening spirituality can play a significant role in post-traumatic growth in teenage girls.

Major depressive disorder is concomitant with cognitive deficits and executive function. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness therapeutic reconsolidation process model on executive functions, neuroplasticity, and schemas associated with major depressive disorder in veterans with over 25% of nerves. The study method was semi-experimental in the form of pre-test, post-test, and 45-day follow-up. Among the 50 nerves veterans above 25%, who had a history of being admitted to Niayesh Hospital in Tehran, 40 people were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups and underwent intervention for 12 sessions of 90 minutes once a week for 3 months. The research tools were: Beck Depression Questionnaire (1996), Leahy Emotional Schemas (2002), Wisconsin Cards (2008), Stroop Color Test (1935), and Dennis Vanderwaal's Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010). Data were analyzed using 24spss software. The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measurement showed that the training of the therapeutic reconsolidation process model was significantly effective on the executive functions, neuroplasticity and emotional schemas of the sample people. This result also lasted in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). the effective therapeutic reconsolidation process model was able to improve executive function, increase neuroplasticity, and compatible emotional schemas and maladaptive schemas in veterans over 25% of nerves by correcting traumatic memory and reducing depressive symptoms.

Empowering women with addicted husbands plays an important role in improving their mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to the effectiveness of the psychological empowerment package on the psychological well-being and family resilience of women with addicted spouses.

The study utilized  a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all women with methamphetamine-addicted husbands in Tehran in 2022, whose husbands had been referred to addiction treatment centers. Thirty sample members were selected by purposive sampling method and with simple random sampling assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and control group (15 people). To collect data, the short version of Riff's psychological well-being scale and Sixby's family resilience scale were used. The members of the experimental group participated in 12 sessions (90 minutes per session). Data analysis with SPSS software. v21 and at a significance level of 0.05, it was done through univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the psychological empowerment package improved the overall mental well-being score (F=100.244; P=0.001) and personal growth (F=33.500; P=0.001), positive relationship with others (F=31.118; P=0.001) and self-acceptance (F=25.937; P=0.001) subscales. In addition, the effect of the psychological empowerment package on improving the overall score of family resilience (F=41.535; P=0.001) and communication and  problem-solving subscales (F=28.716; P=0.001) and accepting the problem (F=16.301; P=0.001) has become significant.

It is recommended to give comprehensive attention to the psychological empowerment of women with addicted spouses and strengthen them through approaches such as the psychological empowerment package.

Diabetes is one of the chronic medical problems with a very rapid spread in the world. his disease is related to the increase in blood sugar in people. to control the blood sugar of patients, it is necessary to encourage them to self-care. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and compassion-based therapy on self-care and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients.
 This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test - post-test plan with a control group.

The statistical population consisted of diabetic patients who were members of the Hamedan Diabetes Association in 1400. 48 of these patients were selected by purposive sampling method and were divided into three groups by simple random method. The cognitive-behavioral therapy program and the compassion-based therapy program were implemented for 8 sessions (twice a week for 90 minutes) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection tools included blood tests and self-care questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Spss-25 statistical software and multivariate covariance analysis method.

The results of this research showed that the compassion-based therapy compared to the Kuntzel treatment reduced glycosylated hemoglobin (P < 0.05) and increased self-care behaviors (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the cognitive behavioral therapy and the control group. In the case of glycosylated hemoglobin and self-care behaviors, there was no difference in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test phase. The results of the Bonferroni test showed that the effect of compassion-based therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin and self-care behaviors is greater than that of cognitive-behavioral therapy (P < 0.01).

Conclussion: 

The results of this research showed that compassion-based therapy was more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in increasing self-care behaviors and improving glycosylated hemoglobin. According to the results of this research, therapists and health professionals can use compassion-based therapy to increase the physical and psychological recovery of diabetic patients. especially blood sugar control and increasing self-care behaviors.

Risk-taking is a behavior that endangers a person’s health and provides the basis for a person to suffer from physical and psychological diseases. Substance dependence disorder includes cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms along with a pattern of repetition and withdrawal tolerance consequences. The aim of the current research was the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and phototherapy on the risk-taking of people with substance dependence disorder.

The current study is an experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design with a 2-month follow-up level. The statistical population of this research was all the clients of opioid drug abuse treatment clinics of Nikteb, Golrizan, and Hami in Tehran in 2020. In the first level, using the available sampling method, according to α=0.05, the effect size of 85%, and three equal groups, using Gpower software, 63 people were determined. These people were selected among those who had received a score higher than the cut-off line in the risk test and then were replaced by a simple random method in 2 experimental groups (21 people in the cognitive rehabilitation group and 21 people in the phototherapy group) and a control group (21 people). The first experimental group received 12 cognitive rehabilitation sessions and the second experimental group received 12 phototherapy sessions, but the people in the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list.

The average age of the cognitive rehabilitation group was 34.19±8.27, the phototherapy group was 32.76±7.68, and the control group was 33.33±7.73. The results of the mixed variance analysis test showed that both interventions in the post-test and follow-up level had a significant effect on reducing risk-taking compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that phototherapy was more effective in reducing risk-taking (p<0.05).

Cognitive rehabilitation and phototherapy can be used as treatment methods to reduce the problems caused by the riskiness of clients of drug addiction clinics.

The use of methamphetamine in the general population and university and high school students is more than 1%. Also, the proportion of people addicted to methamphetamine has increased among those who refer to drug addiction treatment centers in Iran, which causes many harms to its users; One of these damages is creating a disruption in resilience. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Electrical Stimulation (tDCS) therapy with acceptance and commitment based therapy on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included the statistical population of the present study including all methamphetamine addicts in one area of Tehran city in 1401 who had referred to one of the addiction treatment centers. According to the research design, a sample size of 45 people was selected by purposive sampling. (2001) and electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull of this instrument was performed as a pre-test-post-test. Based on the findings of the current research, it was determined that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) electrical therapy was more effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine, the therapy based on acceptance and commitment was effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine, and the therapy based on Acceptance and commitment compared to direct transcranial stimulation electrical therapy has been more effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine.

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition, in which the person with pain faces so much suffering and medical expenses. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with chronic pain in the back and spine who referred to the specialized and physiotherapy clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Islamshahr in 2022. 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups The experimental ISTDP and MBCT groups received 8 sessions each (one 1-hour session per week), but the control group did not receive any interventions. Demographic information checklist and Taylor and Cox’s Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.

In the linear combination of anxiety sensitivity variables and dimensions of physical, cognitive, and social symptoms according to group membership and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, the interaction effect of group and time was significant (F=218.063, p<0.001 & η=0.603). The difference in the average score of ISTDP with MBCT with the control group was significant in anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions with Benferroni test (p<0.001), However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two intervention methods (p>0.05).

Both intervention methods had a positive effect on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain. These findings can be promising in planning rehabilitation and treatment interventions for these patients along with conventional medical treatment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of inhibitory control cognitive rehabilitation on hot executive functions: risky decision making and time perception in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population includes male and female students between 7 and 12 years old in elementary schools of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021 who were suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactiv ity disorder. Among them, 30 students were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The SNAP-IV Questionnaire, the Computerized Task Risk Analogue Balloon (BART) and the Time Reproduction Computer Task were used to collect information. For data analysis, using SPSS24 software, variance analysis method with repeated measurements was used. The results showed that there is difference in the perfor-mance of the experimen tal group and the control group in the components of: risky decision making and time perception for long-term intervals (P<0.05). However, compared to the control group, no significant difference was shown between the time reproduction component for short-term intervals in the experimental group. According to the results structured games aimed at enhancing interference inhibition and responding can improve hot executive functions, risky decision making and time perception (long-term intervals) in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Researchers have investigated different treatment approaches in order to reduce the psychological effects of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the cognitive approach based on mindfulness and Emotion Focused Therapy on distress tolerance and post-traumatic growth of breast cancer survivors.

In a research of the type of experimental studies with a semi-experimental design, 45 women who recovered from breast cancer in Tehran were present, and they were assigned to three groups. Emotion Focused therapy was implemented during 10 sessions and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness during 8 sessions on women with cancer, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected through the post-traumatic growth questionnaire (Tadeschi and Calhoun, 1996) and the disturbance tolerance scale (Simmons and Ghahir, 2005) and were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and spss22 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average of the experimental and control groups in the variable of distress tolerance and post-traumatic growth (P<0.05), so that both treatments have an effect on distress tolerance and post-traumatic growth. The accident has a significant effect (P<0.05), but none of the treatments is superior to the other treatment (P<0.05).

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that both the cognitive approach based on the conscious mindfulness and emotion focused therapy can be effective in improving the psychological condition of women with cancer.

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), as a neurodevelopmental disorder, accompanied not only with some special behavioral symptoms, the present study was conducted in order to test the effectiveness of the RayanehYar family-oriented program on the information processing speed of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This research was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-posttest design with a control group. Audio-visual performance test was used to measure the variables. The statistical population of the research included all 6-9-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who referred to Hasti and Parsa medical clinics in 1401-1402. The statistical sample of this research was made up of 30 of these children who were selected by available sampling and were assigned to two experimental and control groups and were subjected to intervention. The results were analyzed using covariance method.

The findings showed that RayanehYar’s comprehensive familyoriented program was effective on information processing speed in two components of visual and auditory performance (P≥0.05).

Considering the effectiveness of the comprehensive familycentered program of RayanehYar on improving the speed of information processing, it can be said that this program is valid and can be used to increase the cognitive abilities and executive functions of these children.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotion focused therapy on alexithymia of people suffering from marital conflict.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. From the statistical population of women referring to the clinics of the 1st district of Tehran, 45 people were selected using the available method and replaced in three groups using a random method. The research tool was emotional ataxia (Begby et al., 1994). First, the pre-test of alexithymia was performed for all three groups, then schema therapy and emotion-focused therapy were performed for the experimental groups, but no intervention was applied for the control group; Finally, the post-test and the follow-up test were performed for all three groups.

The results of the repeated measurement test showed that both schema therapy and emotion-oriented groups are effective in reducing alexithymia (p>0.01). Bon Feroni's post hoc test showed that emotional therapy is more effective than schema therapy (p>0.01).

it is suggested to use emotion-focused therapy to improve the alexithymia of people with marital conflict.

Substance use disorder not only overshadows the addict's life but also creates many problems and inconveniences for the family and spouse of addicts. Therefore, the present study was conducted to develop and validate the package of psychological empowerment of women-addicted spouses and investigate its effectiveness on marital responsibility and mental well-being.

 A quasi-experimental method was used with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the current study included all women with methamphetamine-addicted husbands in Tehran in 2022, whose husbands had been referred to addiction treatment centers. 30 women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The members of the experimental group participated in 12 sessions (90 minutes per session), but the members of the group did not receive evidence of intervention. Adams and Jones' responsibility questionnaire (1997) and the short version of Ryff's psychological well-being scale (2006) were used to collect data. Data analysis with SPSS software. v21 and at a significance level of 0.05, it was done through univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the psychological empowerment package improved the overall score of responsibility and personal commitment, and moral commitment subscales. In addition, the effect of the psychological empowerment package on improving the overall mental well-being score and personal growth, positive relationships with others, and self-acceptance subscales were significant.

Regarding that living with an addicted spouse has negative psychological consequences for women, comprehensive attention to the psychological empowerment of this group of women and strengthening it through approaches such as the psychological empowerment package suggested.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between pain intensity and self-efficacy with fear of movement with the mediation of pain catastrophizing and psychological distress in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The statistical population of this study included women with rheumatism referred to the rheumatology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Sari city. 224 participants were selected as a sample using the available and purposeful sampling method and answered the questions of Tempa fear of movement scale (Corey et al., 1990), brief pain intensity questionnaire (Cleland, 1991), pain self-efficacy questionnaire ( Nicholas, 1989), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995) and the Psychological Distress Scale (Laviband & Laviband, 1995). Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that pain intensity has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.32); Self-efficacy has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.42); Pain catastrophizing has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.74); Psychological distress has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.78). As a result, the model of fear of movement based on pain intensity and self-efficacy is suitable with the mediation of pain catastrophizing and psychological distress in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The findings of this study prove the importance of psychological interventions in reducing physical symptoms in chronic diseases.

Background &

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all over the world and at the same time, it is one of the most curable. These two characteristics, i.e. the prevalence and curability of this disease, have caused a large number of patients to be treated, have a long life span, and need support after diagnosis, during, and after treatment. Many women suffer from mental complications such as depression and anxiety after learning about this disease, and performing difficult treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, each of which has specific side effects, aggravates these mental complications. Fear of cancer recurrence is considered a significant concern for breast cancer survivors. It is acknowledged that there is a connection between the fear of cancer recurrence and the states of anxiety and depression. Fear of recurrence is the fear or worry that the cancer will return or progress in the same organ or in another part of the body. Many patients are afraid of relapse and have to live with uncertainty. Fear of cancer recurrence has a functional impact on the lives of cancer survivors and their families. Fear of relapse is associated with lower quality of life and emotional health, higher mental and physical fatigue, and higher depression and anxiety in cancer survivors. In addition, body image is an important element in the quality of life of cancer patients. Today, due to the high and stable prevalence of cancers especially breast cancer in women, and their relationship with mental and social functioning defects effective and timely prevention and intervention programs for this special group of women. It is very important. In order to reduce stress and damage caused by cancer, both preventive strategies and therapeutic strategies are necessary. But so far, most of the investments have been made in the treatment sector. Since many women have breast cancer, clinical treatments are not able to cover all of them, so planners should invest more in prevention so that fewer women are affected by this traumatic problem. Among the other treatment methods that can be effective in improving the psychological symptoms of people with cancer and have received less attention from researchers, especially in Iran, is cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. This type of psychotherapy is derived from cognitive-behavioral treatments and is considered one of the important components of the third wave of psychological treatment models. Mindfulness is a process of having non-judgmental attention to internal and external events as they arise in the moment. Internal events include thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and bodily sensations, and external events include environmental, situational, and interpersonal experiences, mindfulness means moment-to-moment awareness of existing experiences. Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological disorders resulting from cancer or its consequences. Considering the high prevalence of breast cancer among women and its increasing spread in many countries of the world, including Iran, and the stress that this issue causes people suffering from this disease, it is necessary to identify the factors related to it. Few researches have been conducted on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on fear of recurrence and body image in patients with breast cancer in Arak, therefore, considering the high prevalence of this disease among women and its adverse effects. The main question of this study is whether cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy affect the fear of recurrence and body image in women with breast cancer.

The current research design was a quasi-experimental type of unequal control group with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, which was approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.K.REC.1402.106 in the Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch. The current research design was a semi-experimental one with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The statistical population of the present study was women with breast cancer who were referred to treatment centers, clinics, and hospitals in Karaj city for treatment. The subjects were selected based on the voluntary sampling method in three groups of 15 people, based on the diagnosis and referral of experts according to the entry and exit criteria, which were randomly selected for the physical division of the subjects of each group into three groups. The statistical population of the present study was women with breast cancer who were referred to treatment centers, clinics, and hospitals in Karaj for treatment. Based on the voluntary sampling method, the subjects were matched in three groups: awareness, cognitive-behavioral, and control. To collect data, Kesh et al.'s (1986-1987) self-body multidimensional relationship questionnaire and fear of cancer recurrence were used. The mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral program lasted for 8 sessions and each session lasted for 90 minutes and about two months. To analyze the data, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and Ben-Ferroni post hoc test were used.

The results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy have an effect on fear of recurrence and body image in women with breast cancer. Also, there is a difference between cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on mindfulness of the fear of relapse, and there is no difference between cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on mindfulness of body image and disease perception.

In general, it can be said that using cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness methods, it is possible to improve the fear of recurrence and the body image of women with breast cancer. The important limitations of the current research include the use of available sampling methods, the unisex nature of the sample, the large number of items in the questionnaires for women with breast cancer, the lack of examination of the type of treatment received, the use of self-reporting tools, and the limitation of the research community to women with breast cancer. did According to the results of the research, the researchers should use random sampling methods for sampling, conduct this research on men (for example, men with lung cancer), divide the questionnaires into two or more parts to reduce bias as a result of fatigue and examine the results by treatment type. Acceptance by women with breast cancer and the use of interviews to collect data are suggested. Another suggestion is to conduct this research on women with breast cancer in other cities and even other vulnerable groups such as women with obesity, women with diabetes, etc.

Being unsupervised has always had negative psychological and educational effects on adolescents, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of resilience and emotional inhibition in the psychological well-being of unsupervised teenage girls in Tehran.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research was all the adolescent girls of the city of Tehran covered by the welfare organization in 2021-2022, and 300 people were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tools included Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaires, Roger and Nashover's (1987) emotional inhibition and Riff's (1989) psychological well-being questionnaires. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that the relationship between resilience and psychological improvement (r=0.48) is positive and significant, but the relationship between emotional inhibition and psychological improvement (r=0.69) was negative and significant (P<0.05). And the predictor variables explain a total of 67% of the variance of psychological improvement.

The results of the research show the importance of the role of resilience and emotional inhibition in improving the psychological well-being of adolescent girls.

Cold executive functions, working memory and cognitive flexibility are among the main cognitive functions that play a role in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive rehabilitation has been proposed as an efficacy and non-pharmacological treatment method in improving and promoting cognitive functions in a wide range of mental and behavioral disorders, but until now, the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation of inhibitory control on the cold executive functions of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been less studied despite the importance and necessity of improving and strengthening these structures.

The purpose of this study was to investigating the efficacy of inhibitory control cognitive rehabilitation on cold executive functions such as working memory, cognitive flexibility in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the study included male and female students of 7-12 years of elementary school in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021 who were suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The statistical sample included 30 students who were selected by purposeful sampling, they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The SNAP Questionnaire (SNAP-IV, Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, 1980), the Computerized Previous Multiple Stimulus Test (N-BACK, Kirchner, 1958) and the Wisconsin Computerized Test (WSCT, Grant & Berg, 1948) were used to collect information. For data analysis, mixed variance analysis method with repeated measurements and SPSS24 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a difference in the performance of the experimental group and the control group in the components of active memory and cognitive flexibility (P<0.05).

According to the obtained findings, it seems that structured tasks aimed at strengthening interference inhibition and response to improve cold executive functions, Working memory and cognitive flexibility help students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The purpose of this study was to cmpare the effectiveness of Cognitive behavioral therapy and compassion-based therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin and coronaanxiety  diabetic patients. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and with a control group. The research population of patients with diabetes were members of the Hamedan Diabetes Association in 2020. Among them, 48 people were selected using available sampling method and they were divided into two experimental groups and one control group with the help of lottery. In one group, cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention program and in the other group, compassion-based interventions were trained for 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training.Blood tests of patients were used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin, and the Corona Virus Anxiety Scale (2018) was used to measure the anxiety of Corona virus. The research data were analyzed using the Mancova statistical method and appropriate post hoc tests.  The results indicate that compassion-based therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.No significant difference was observed between the compassion-based therapy and the cognitive-behavioral therapy regarding the corona anxiety In ordertoincrese thephsical andpsychological improvement.using of these  treatmentin  indiviual or group coursesseemes be effective

Dabetes is one of the chronic medical problem with a varyrapid spread in the world.Diabetes is attracting more attention day by day to the late and dangerous complications and wildspread prevalence

The type of research was quasi -experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all patients with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Hamedan Diabetes Association in 2020. Among them 48 people were selected based on the input criteria of the research by available sampling method and were placed in three equal groups by hat were selected using the purposive sampling method and with the help of lottery. In order to collect data, venous blood test was used to evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin and the sleep quality questionnaire of Petersburg (1989) was used. In the first group, cognitive behavioral therapy and in the second group, compassion based therapy and the third group was the control group. Treatment sessions were conducted for 90 minutes once a week. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data

Statistical analysis showed that compassion-based therapy is more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin (F=3.13, p<0.05) and increasing sleep quality (F=5.8, p<0.01) in diabetic patients.

The effect of compassion-based therapy on reducing glycosylated hemoglobin and increasing sleep quality is greater than cognitive behavioral therapy.Caregivers can use the results of this research as a new perspective to improve the health indicators of patients.

Anxiety disorders among students are among the issues that can significantly impact their quality of life and academic performance. Various methods have been examined to reduce anxiety in students aiming to improve this situation. The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of relaxation therapy and neurofeedback on student anxiety.

The research design was quasi-experimental, with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included students attending healthcare centers in Tehran in the second half of 2019. Thirty participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They responded to the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire. Relaxation therapy sessions were conducted for the first experimental group in eight 45-minute sessions, while neurofeedback training for the second experimental group was conducted in fifteen 30-minute sessions. At the end of therapeutic interventions, participants in both experimental and control groups were re-evaluated using the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis.

The results indicated that both relaxation therapy and neurofeedback led to a reduction in anxiety among students. Comparison of the effectiveness of the two therapeutic methods showed no significant difference in reducing anxiety between them.

Therefore, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that both relaxation therapy and neurofeedback can be considered as suitable options for intervention and reducing anxiety in students, without one being definitively better than the other.

In addition to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also have major problems with sensory processing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-based sensory diet on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and one-month follow-up test. From the statistical population of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder aged 6 to 12 years referring to Hasti, Bahar and Masir Sabz treatment clinics in 1399 in Tehran, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. They underwent 12 sessions of family-based sensory diet program intervention, which was derived from Wilburger's sensory protocol and were tailored to each child's sensory status, 3 days a week and each session lasted 45 minutes. To measure the variables, Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scale and Conners Parent Form Scale were used and to assess the sensory status of children, a sensory profile questionnaire was used. Statistical tests included repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The findings showed that the mean scores of post-test and follow-up test for attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity in the experimental group decreased and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that this decrease was significant and stable.

Sensory diet intervention is a new and effective intervention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and improves the symptoms of these children and their performance in various social situations

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between pain intensity and self-efficacy with fear of movement with the mediation of psychological distress in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

The current research method was correlation based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included women with rheumatism referred to the rheumatology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Sari city. 224 participants were selected as a sample using the available and purposeful sampling method and answered the questions of Tempa fear of movement scale (Corey et al., 1990), brief pain intensity questionnaire (Cleland, 1991), pain self-efficacy questionnaire ( Nicholas, 1989) and Psychological Distress Scale (Laviband & Laviband, 1995). Data analysis was done using the structural equation modeling method.

It showed that pain intensity has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.01, β=0.32); Pain self-efficacy has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.01, β=0.42); Psychological distress has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.01, β=0.78); Pain intensity has an indirect effect on fear of movement with the mediation of psychological distress (β=0.532, p < 0.01) and pain self-efficacy has an indirect effect on fear of movement with the mediation of psychological distress (p < 0.01, 0.530). =β).

The model of fear of movement based on pain intensity and self-efficacy with the mediation of psychological distress is suitable in women with rheumatism. The findings of this study prove the importance of psychological interventions in reducing physical symptoms in chronic diseases.

this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation method based on Gross model and muscle relaxation technique on resilience and anger in patients with coronary heart disease.

The research method is quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population includes all patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) between 30 and 50 years old referred to medical centers and private clinics of cardiologists in Ilam in 2021, of which 60 people were available by random sampling and random distribution to three groups. Were divided. The data collection tool is the use of standard resilience and anger scales.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of Gross model-based emotional regulation training in patient resilience, so that Benson muscle relaxation exercises compared to Gross model-based emotional regulation training increased patients' resilience and effect. It was better. Also, Benson muscle relaxation exercises were effective in reducing patients' anger. However, the results showed the ineffectiveness of Gross model-based emotion regulation training on anger.

By using Gross model emotion regulation training and Benson muscle relaxation exercises, we can take steps to provide services to patients with or with a history of heart disease and reduce the severity of the disease.