جواد صالحی فدردی

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive ability with innovative work behavior, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior of bank managers with the mediation of occupational stress in the context of the corona virus epidemic.

The current research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlation and SEM. The statistical population of the current research included all private and non-private bank managers in Iran, 318 of whom were selected by available sampling. Subjects were asked the innovative work behavior questionnaires of Cross (2004), William and Anderson's job performance (1991), Oregon and Kanowski's organizational citizenship behavior (1978), Halshegar and Alberts' mental awareness (2021) and rescue cognitive ability (2013(, General occupational stress of HSE and stress related to Corona Alipour et al. (2018) answered. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model.

The results showed that in the bank managers, there is a significant relationship between mindfulness, cognitive ability and corona stress with the job stress variable. Also, the significant relationship between the mediating variable of job stress and dependent variables, i.e. innovative work behavior, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior, was confirmed. In addition, the mediating role of job stress in the relationship between mindfulness and job performance and organizational citizenship behavior, as well as in the relationship between cognitive ability and job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and innovative work behavior, and in the relationship between Corona stress and organizational citizenship behavior, examined and its significance was confirmed.

The aim of the research was to predict marital satisfaction in couples based on strategies of basic psychological explicit achievement motivation and self-management. This research had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population included married men and women who were above 18 years old. 226 people (women: 126; 56%) married men and women were randomly selected through sampling. Relevant data were collected using Motive Implementation Test (MUT; Kuhl, 1999), Self-Management (SSIK-3; Kuhl & Fuhrmann; 2004) questionnaire, and ENRICH Couple Scales (Fowers & Olson, 1989). For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were used. The research result showed that Integrative achievement and Controlled achievement; self-regulation and general life stress (components of self-management) predict Marital satisfaction. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the obvious fundamental psychological motivation of progress plays an important role in marital satisfaction. Also, the use of self-management skills predicts marital satisfaction. Therefore, a detailed study of these factors (achievement motive and self-management) effects will help couple therapists, psychologists, and counselors in intervention and counseling programs.

Contamination Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (C-OCD) is one of the most common subtypes of OCD. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a new solution for improving symptoms in patients with OCD. Evaluating the effectiveness of tDCS through electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can provide a better estimate of improvement and reveal how tDCS leads to changes in the dynamics and features of brain signals. Selecting the optimal features of EEG signals among different features is necessary to show the impact of tDCS. Hence, this study aimed to identify features that undergo substantial changes following tDCS intervention.

10 patients with C-OCD received 20 minutes of tDCS in 10 sessions. The cathode electrode was placed on the left orbitofrontal cortex, and the anode on the cerebellar area. Before and after receiving tDCS, the Yale-Brown Obsession scale (Y-BOCS) was completed, and EEG signals were recorded at rest with open and closed eyes. Then, features such as Fuzzy Synchronization Likelihood (FSL), power spectrum, and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) were extracted from the EEG signals. Then, the Relief algorithm selected optimal features based on tDCS effectiveness.

The Relief algorithm revealed that RQA indices were more optimal for reflecting tDCS impact compared to other features among those extracted from EEG signals. Moreover, the DET and Lmax values significantly increased after tDCS intervention.

By influencing neural interactions and balancing neuronal activity, tDCS has caused changes in the brain complexity of patients with C-OCD. As a result, there is a correlation between the effectiveness estimated by the Y-BOCS and the features selected by the relief algorithm. tDCS alters brain complexity in EEG compared with other features in C-OCD patients.

The purpose of this study was to identify those elements of user interface (i.e. navigation, structure, graphic, and content), in which users are interested since they are either visually familiar or new to themand could remain in their long term memory. Therefore, in this study, users' interaction with elements of website interfaces was investigated through information processing theorybased on the eye-mind hypothesis with considering their capabilities (i.e. learning style, information and computer literacy).

This research was carried out through an applicatory & explanatory method. The research population consisted of postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. For data gathering, interactive sessions using eye tracker was used. The four elements i.e. navigation, structure, graphics, and content of the Wikipedia's website were considered as the testbed and a set of tasks were defined and participants were asked to perform them, carrying these tasks out formed the interactive sessions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. In the descriptive section, frequency, percent, central tendency measures such as mean and dispersion indices such as standard deviation were used. As for the inferential secion, appropriate statistical measures were used to test the null hypothese; among them we can mention the multivariate two factor analysis of covariance, single variable two factors of covariance analysis and repeated measurement.

The results show that among the studied elements, the navinavigations the highest number of subjects' fixation count, and graphics, content and structure occupy the next ranks respectively. Maximum and minimum fixtation count for navigation is 0.87 and for structure is 0.34. the longest participants’ fixation duration was related to navigation element, and after that graphics, structure and content respectively. Maximum fixtation duration is for navigation (0.81) and minimum fixation duration is attributed to the content element (0.42).

Changing in interface design paradigms caused users pay little attention to content elements and become more interested in visual elements instead. By examining the eye movements of the users in this research, it is now evident that the user interface elements have impact on the users' eye movements. During the process of interaction, the users' eye movements changed from attending general elements to attending more complex ones.The results of this study is useful for user interface designers to design better user interface for stable, consistent and deep interaction with users which helps better information processing. So, based on looking behavior (through users’ eye tracking) and obtaining information regarding visited webpage, designers can get essential knowledge for specifying necessary main elements and subsidiary components in web page designing and organizing\layouting them.

Illness Anxiety (IA) is a common, debilitating, and costly disorder. Various treatments aiming at decreasing IA have been subjected to scientific studies in the Western societies. However, due to possible impact of cultural factors, the present review and meta-analysis tested the effectiveness of common treatments for IA disorder in Iran. Dissertations and articles published in Persian and English languages in Iranian samples published by March 2022 were searched in Noormags, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Next, 12 articles and 2 dissertations were selected for review. Of these, 12 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) was used to calculated the meta-analysis. Data from 14 selected studies for systematic review showed that various types of psychotherapy were effective for people with illness anxiety. The commonly used interventions were cognitive-behavioral therapies, schema therapy, logotherapy, reminiscence, acceptance and commitment therapy and education. The results of the meta-analysis showed a large effect size (0.94). The effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and neuro/cognitive interventions were not examined in any of the articles. The results support the effectiveness of a limited number of existing interventions in reducing illness anxiety. The most effective treatments based on meta-analysis results were schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapies. According to the findings of the present study, the use of these two therapies as the first line of treatment in people with illness anxiety were recommended. However, due to the prevalence, high individual and social costs of this disorder, and the scarcity of published studies on the treatment of illness anxiety disorder in Iran, more research is needed, especially with a focus on neuro/cognitive interventions.

The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the causal relationship between cognitive processes and effective leadership of academic departments’ chairs in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Using descriptive correlational study method, 40 academic department chairs in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were studied by census method. Data were collected through computer-based testing of working memory, cognitive flexibility, problem solving, social cognition, creativity design fluency test, Herbst University Leadership Questionnaire (2003), and Analoui Effective Manager Questionnaire (1995). The findings revealed that working memory, cognitive flexibility, and creativity have a relatively high mean value compared to social cognition and problem solving. Also, there is a significant relationship between working memory and creativity with social cognition.  Consequently, paying attention to the aspect of social cognitive functions of academic departments’ chairs leads to growth and success in the field of executive cognitive functions. According to the findings, the model of predicting effective leadership path of university departments’ chairs a weak fit in terms of cognitive processes. It can be said that cognitive processes do not play a significant role in predicting effective leadership of academic departments’ chairs in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

It is hard to ignore attractive people. Paying attention to attractive individuals is a criterion that can estimate further motivation to make extramarital relationships. This whitethorn a threat to the stability of the marital relationship. The present study aimed to investigate the role of motivational and cognitive structure in the temptation to pay attention and communicate with attractive alternatives in married individuals.

With an available sampling method, the statistical population of the present study has consisted of married men and women who completed research questionnaires in an online design. That is, two hundred individuals met the research criteria and completed the questionnaires and the results were based on hierarchical multiple regression.

The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that among the covariate variables, gender was able to predict extramarital relationships. However, men were more inclined than women to be tempted by attractive alternatives and engage in extramarital affairs. In addition, the variables such as memory, inhibitory control, planning, and adaptive motivation provided a significant prediction of the temptation variable of extramarital relationships.

Based on the results of the present study, it appears that improving cognitive abilities (e.g., executive functions) and motivational structure, improve the degree of resistance to the temptations to make extramarital relationships with attractive alternatives.

The purpose of this study was to translate and report the psychometric indices of a Persian version of the original MUT that consists of 99-items, 24 subscales. This study has investigated the role of motivations in predicting well-being.

Research method was correlational and the statistical population included all Iranian female and male above 18 years old in the 2020 year. 595 adult Iranians completed an online version of the MUT, a demographic form, adaptive basic Glasser needs inventory and WHO-5 questionnaire through available sampling method.

The Face and content validity of the MUT was investigated based on the opinions of experts in basic needs and motivations science. Cronbach’s Alphas for the main 4 scales were affiliation α=.79; power α=.71; achievement α=.67; and freedom α= 0.83. The MUT factor construct validity was confirmed by a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA): 56= df /x2؛ RMSEA=.05؛ IFI=.91؛ CFI=.91؛ GFI=0.7 indices confirmed the fitness of the data for CFA. Convergent Validity was calculated with the Glasser Needs Questionnaire.

To conclude, (a) the MUT has justifiability of the study were confirmed. MUT has good psychometric properties and can be used for research and clinical interventions with Iranian people. Based on the findings, achievement and freedom motives were the most important predictor of well-being.

The purpose of this study is to identify any possible effect of users’ capabilities, such as learning styles, information or computer literacy, on their eye-movements during interaction with website interfaces, based on eye-mind hypothesis. This research was carried out through explanatory sequential mixed method. The research population was postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Sampling was done through sequential mixed method by sampling in each layer (multilevel). Finally, 20 subjects were selected. During data gathering, various tools and approaches such as Felder and Soloman Learning Style questionnaire, Information literacy and computer literacy questionnaire, interactive sessions using eye tracker were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The findings of this study showed a high correlation between computer literacy and information literacy of students. Eye movements of users during interaction with website interfaces was influenced by users’ capabilities. There was a relationship between information literacy and eye movements. The fixation duration was higher for subjects with higher information literacy than those with less information literacy. Subjects with a sensory learning style experienced a greater fixation count. Yet for those who had a sequential style, the fixation duration was longer, but the fixation count due to the linear look at the user interface was less than the global style. Subjects with lower information literacy and reflective learning style experienced more fixation counts. Those with active learning style and high information literacy had longer fixation durations. Subjects with lower levels of information literacy had more fixation count than those with higher information literacy. By examining the eye movements of the users in this research, it was determined that the user interface can affect the eye movement of the users. In the process of interaction, the users’ eye movements changed from more general elements to more complex elements. In general, it was found that the level of information literacy may direct users’ eye movements, while interacting with website, and affect how information is extracted from the interface. Also, the learning style affected the movement of the eyes of the users during the interaction.

One of the main challenging issues in cognitive science is the role of attention in consciousness. It is generally believed that attention is essential for consciousness. However, some studies have shown in some conditions, such as iconic memory, consciousness happens without attention. In previous studies, using iconic memory dual tasks in which attention is locally diverted to peripheral task in order to examine consciousness in the central task has caused the problem of expectation and previous knowledge in perception of the stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to test attention necessity for consciousness in iconic memory using the modified Stroop paradigm.

Thirty Participants subjects were selected and randomly assigned to the partial and whole report groups.

Participants had significantly more correct responses in the partial group compared to the whole report group both in congruent and incongruent conditions. This indicates that attentional bias to word processing in incongruent conditions did not affect the correct responses compared to congruent conditions.

Attention is not necessary for consciousness in iconic memory.

This study aimed to develop and test the effectiveness of school-based social cognition instructional package on reducing proactive aggression among children Aged 8-12 by applying social information processing theory (SIP). In this semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group in company with follow up stage, 34 students in experimental (17 students) and control (17 students) groups responded to the Children’s Inventory of Anger (Nelson & Finch, 2000), and the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (Sinha & Singh, 1993). The experimental group received 10 school-based social cognition instructional package sessions (2 hours a session). The results of the statistical procedures of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis indicated that school-based social cognition instructional package was effective in increasing social/emotional/academic adjustment and in decreasing different dimensions of children's anger consisted of frustration, physical aggression, peer relations authority relations in short term and long term. These findings suggest that school-based social cognition instructional package by reducing or eliminating interpersonal stressors, tolerating or adjusting to negative events or realities in interpersonal situations, maintaining a positive self-image, maintaining emotional equilibrium and, continuing satisfying relationships with others could result in mental immunization in students.

The Exercise Causality Orientations Scale-2 (ECOS-2) has been designed to evaluate causality orientations in exercise based on the Self Determination Theory. The purpose of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of ECOS-2 in women of Mashhad. 402 women entered the study using the convenience sampling method and completed ECOS-2. The Confirmatory factor analysis result demonstrated that ECOS-2 has acceptable construct reliability and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for scale and subscales have an acceptable level. Therefore, the ECOS-2 has good validity and reliability in the Iranian women sample. The other finding of this study was that women with a long background of exercise scored higher in autonomy orientation. The findings of this study can be used in research and intervention to increase physical activity in women.

The important role of cognitive biases aspects at different stages of information retrieval is mentioned in most information retrieval models. So, it is necessary to understand cognitive aspects of behavior and human interaction. Since one of effective cognitive aspects in information searching is cognitive biases and users experience them, the effect of these biases should be considered. According to this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of demographic variables in frequency of cognitive biases in information retrieval. The method of this study is survey; in terms of purpose, this is an applied research implemented in combined method (qualitative and quantitative). The research population was graduate students of the Ferdowsi University (humanities students and engineering students) that were studying at this university in second semester, 1397-1398. In this research, data were collected using the stratified sampling method. The required data for this research was gathered based on log file and semi-structured interview that were based on check list of different cognitive biases.  The content validity of interview questions was evaluated by KIS and psychology specialists and the reliability of both instruments is also correlated with the coefficient of agreement between the opinions of two evaluators that was 0.95. The results showed that in the cognitive biases, including “anchoring”, “attention” and “mere exposure”, there was a significant difference between the frequency of these biases occurrences in users based on gender. Also, in the cognitive biases, including “overconfidence”, “recency”, “attention” and “availability”, there was a significant difference between the frequency of these biases occurrences in users based on grade (M.A. And PhD). Other findings showed that in the cognitive biases, including “regency” and “attention”, there was a significant difference between the frequency of these biases occurrences in users based on field of study (humanities and engineering). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that designers of information retrieval systems and librarians should pay attention to the demographic variables (gender, degree and field of study) in designing and evaluating of information systems because these variables can affect frequency of some biases occurrences in information searching. Of course, the impact of factors like age group, character types, mental schemas, culture and information literacy rate should not be overlooked.

Understanding the impact of various factors on language testing is important. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how they affect test scores in order to design and standardize language tests (Bachman, 1990). Based on the same logic and considering the need of fair reviewing for any tests claimed by ETS (2010), it is essential to identify, reduce and eliminate factors unrelated to the structure that hinder the optimal performance of test takers (Messick, 1989). According to Vinson (2014), words themselves are a powerful tool for expressing emotions. Does a factor such as vocabularies in a text stimulate emotional reactions? When we read a text, we use our knowledge to understand its vocabularies, but in addition, by reading the vocabularies, emotion may be stimulated, which are deliberately not examined during the test. This research is intended to investigate if the vocabularies of TOEFL passages are likely to stimulate emotion as the construct-irrelevant factor which could affect the accuracy and legitimacy of the TOEFL test. Also, our hypothesis is that the amount of emotion evoked in the words of TOEFL texts is different from each other, and other factors intervene in this category. By using the initial pilot sampling and with the help of PASS Software to determine the size of the final sample, 393 people were randomly selected by Random Number Generator Software. In addition, according to the method of detecting emotions by forming an emotional dictionry proposed by Turney (2002), the present study labled parts of speech of each word and then the words were grouped together as meaningful expressions into a five-page list of phrases like a dictionary. Through this method, the present study could determine the intensity and valenance of the selected particpants’ emotions in relation to the phrases selected from TOEFL iBT reading passages. Also, it was significant to measure if emotional intelligence could be influential on the evoked emotions of the words and phrases; thus, Emotional Intelligence Questionare of Schutte (1998) was selected. The research procedure was that the selected participants read three TOEFL passages without answering their reading questions; instead, they did Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and self-reported their emotions through the five-page list of words and phrases. The results of this study confirmed the validity of the research hypotheses, in the sense that not only the words and phrases of the three TOEFL passages in this research caused emotions but also the three passages were different in terms of emotion, and it can be argued that this can be a construct-irrelevant factor when reading and comprehending TOEFL passages. The results of this study can increase the awareness of TOEFL test designers. In other words, TOEFL test designers must consider the effect of emotional elements in language assessment because these elements may disrupt the mental order of test takers and can affect their performances. This study casts doubt on the validity and reliability of the TOEFL as a standard test. ETS (2010) is interested in a fair review of tests to identify and reduce factors unrelated to the structure so it is useful considering the emotional interactions in the process of assessing the validity and reliability of any tests.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy based on exposure and response prevention on the patients with contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and scrupulosity.

The method was semi-experimental pretest-posttest design by control group. Sixty OCD participants who were suffering from scrupulosity and contamination OCD were diagnosed by means of diagnostic interviewing, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Penn inventory of scrupulosity. They were selected through convenience sampling method and were assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (each group 20). The cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention was performed on the subjects in nine individual sessions for 45 minutes for each experimental group. The data were analyzed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 16 by the multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention were effective in decreasing OCD in the experimental groups compared to the control group (0.001≥ P). Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the scrupulosity group and the contamination group and control group on the obsession variable (0.05 < P). There was no significant difference between the contamination group and the scrupulosity group on the compulsion variable (0.15 < p).

The findings suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy based on exposure and response prevention could help alleviate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in both religious and contamination OCD.

Psychotherapy sessions and the control group received routine treatment. Patients were assessed via demographic questionnaires, Beck Depression Inventory, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and computerized tests of executive performance measures including the Wisconsin Card Test, Tower of London, ion: Due to the high prevalence of post-stroke depression, appropriate rehabilitation is needed to improve and rehabilitate them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of body Psychotherapy on improving executive functions of depressed patients with post-stroke depression.

This clinical study performed in Mehrana Nursing Home in Bojnourd city in 2019. Twenty women with post-stroke depression were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n = 10) and control (n = 10). The intervention group participated in body psychotherapy sessions and the control group received routine treatment. Patients were assessed via demographic questionnaires, Beck Depression Inventory, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and computerized tests of executive performance measures including the Wisconsin Card Test, Tower of London, Visual-Cubic Visual Memory, and Wechsler cultivars. Data were analyzed by t-test and covariance analysis by SPSS software.

The intervention group showed significant improvements in the London Tower tests (p = 0.000), cursive cubes (p = 0.03), Wisconsin card and Wechsler memory space (p = 0.03) than the control group.

Based on the findings of this study, body psychotherapy can help improve executive functions in people with post-stroke depression.

This study aimed to investigate the cultural aspects of social anxiety and its clinical features in an Iranian population.

The sample of this study consisted of the clients of Mashhad counseling centers. Twenty clients who had received the Social Anxiety Disorder diagnosis by a psychiatrist, were selected via a purposeful sampling to participate in the interview. The interviews were conducted using the semi-structured DSM-5 cultural formulation interviews. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method using a seven-step Colaizzi technique and the concepts and categories were extracted.

The content analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification and extraction of one hundred and fifty concepts that were classified into seventeen components: emotional feature, cognitive feature, behavioral feature, anxiety somatization, interaction and communication deficit, function reduction, the perceived social desirability of lack of self-assertiveness, the perceived religious desirability of behavioral and speech constraint, lack of perceiving and receiving family support, lack of perceiving and receiving relatives and friends’ support, the impact of gender (being a girl) on the formation and continuation of anxiety, the causes of anxiety, applying ineffective coping strategies, ineffective encounter of family and friends with the treatment, ineffective individual encounter with the treatment, the influence of religious and spiritual resources, and the acceptance and the appropriate communication with the counselor and therapist.

Despite the similarity of the participants' social anxiety experiences with the theoretical models as well as the consistency of the syndromes with the DSM-5 criteria, the content differences were observed in the form of normative beliefs, supportive resources, coping strategies, and encounter with the therapeutic resources.

Nowadays most of the day today services we receive are based upon computer systems. Services such as information searching or online shopping are considered among the most frequent online information systems' services. Users assess and process the information they receive from information systems. The theory of mind information processing asserts that humans process and analyze the information they receive from their environment. This theory also deals with the perception and recognition. User-interface paves the way regarding using and reaching the goal for the ultimate users. If user-interface is designed properly, the way through which the user reaches his/her goal would be a logical one; otherwise the lack of solidarity would result in system misuse. In other words if the user-interface grabs the user's attention, the interaction with the user would be successful. For studying the human-computer interaction a lot of methods have been proposed. Eye-tracking method is one of them. This method makes it possible to gather qualitative and quantitative data in this regard. Eyesight is very important regarding human perception, thus its data could be invaluable. The basis of this method is mind-eye theory which says eyes' movements could show the attention of a person regarding a picture or stimuli. This attention could report passion or problem. There are different types of eye movement, such as a fixation and saccade. Eye tracking delivers a voluminous data regarding users' attention in the form of quick and unconscious processes. Analyzing the eye-movement data is hard and its data extraction is tedious. Moreover the test environment and users' health are also of great importance in this regard. At last one must mention that eye movement data is invaluable for assessing the bottom-up cognition of the world and the top-down perception of mind.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on ‎rumination, problem-solving styles, and cognitive emotion regulation persons with ‎depression.The research method was pre-test and post-test with control group. From among ‎‎70 volunteer students of Payam Noor University of Dehdasht, according to the criteria for ‎entering the research, 20 female students whose depression scores were in the ‎depression test of Beck of 15 and over, were selected and randomly assigned into two ‎experimental and control groups. Both groups filled out the Beck Depression Inventory, ‎and Rumination Response scale and Cassidy and Long Problem-Solving Style Inventory ‎and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in the pretest and posttest stages. The ‎experimental group received 8 training sessions of mindfulness whereas the control group ‎received no treatment. Results of analysis of the co-variance indicated that the ‎experimental group scored lower on depression, rumination, inefficient problem-solving ‎styles and cognitive emotion regulation. Furthermore, the experimental group scored higher ‎on efficient problem solving styles, compatible cognitive emotion regulation as compared ‎with the control group. In conclusion, result showed that mindfulness training can help ‎with the reduction of depression, rumination, and improve problem-solving styles and ‎cognitive ‎ emotion regulation.‎‎‎

Depressed people, unlike non-depressed, show the higher the right frontal lobe activity than the left frontal lobe. Because the right hemisphere associated with negative emotional processing, pessimistic and maladaptive thinking styles, and the frontal alpha power is the inverse index of cortical activity, the frontal alpha power asymmetry reflects the balance between the left and right hemisphere in the frontal. The aim of this study was to improve the frontal alpha asymmetry for reducing depression and rumination levels and executive functions of people with reactive depression from love trauma syndrome through the neurofeedback interventional method and compare its efficacy with the sham group. In addition, in this study, was considered the neurological characteristics of the emotionally traumatic experience, through the Clinical Q as the evaluation method. This study's participants include 32 students of Tehran and Amir Kabir universities that they experienced love trauma in the recent 6 months and subsequently, they exposed depression and rumination symptoms and reduction of executive functions. For measuring of Pre-Test phase, after the primary interview and performance of Love Trauma, Beck's Depression and Anxiety Scales was evaluated executive functions (continuous attention, working memory and cognitive inhibition) by computer tasks; CPT, N-Back and Go/NoGo. Finally, was measured EEG 2-channel record through Clinical Q. The participants were placed in the trial group (age: M=24.73, SD=3.71) and sham group (age: M=23.46, SD=2.87), randomly. Then, in the neurofeedback intervention performance, was exerted 15 sessions on 45 min in the both of the trial and the sham groups. At the end of sessions were repeated pre-test phase measurements for post-test phase. Results of this study, emphasize on the effects of alpha asymmetry neurofeedback for reduction of depression symptoms similar to some research and against, deferent of other some studies, such as effective neurofeedback training for the decrease of Beck's depression scores. One of the important results of this research was the improvement of executive functions and rumination, the reason of substantial role of the both on depression duration. Effect of frontal alpha asymmetry neurofeedback on the reduction of love trauma and also, improvement of the neurological index of traumatic event experience was a new finding. Based on this results could be proposed neurofeedback training as a beneficial intervention for reduction of love trauma syndrome.

The purpose of this study is presentation the structural model of executive functions and extramarital relationship with mediating role of self -control. The 210 samples were selected by convenience sampling. In experimental situation, for assessing executive function participants did computerized exams include: Stroop, Wisconsin, Go No Go and N- Back and completed self-control questionnaire of Tangney and attitudes toward infidelity scale of Whatley. Data was analyzed through regression, structural equation modeling. Model has a suitable fit.   Results shows that executive functions includes inhibition(-0/13), task switching(-0/13) ,working memory(-0/16) and self-control(-0/10)had direct effect on extra marital relationship. Executive functions includes inhibition(-0/23), task switching(-0/11) ,working memory(-0/27) had indirect effect on extra marital relationship with mediation of self-control.

INTRUDUCTION: This research aimed to study the learning style, information literacy and computer literacy of graduate students.
The survey method was used in this study. Study population consisted of graduate students majoring in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year of 2015-2016. A sample of 150 students participated in the research. Data was collected by learning style questionnaire designed by Felder & Soloman, as well as information literacy (IL) and computer literacy (CL) questionnaires.
FINDINGS: Research findings revealed that there is no difference between IL & CL among male and female students. Also, there is no difference between IL & CL among Master and PhD students. However, IL rate for students was in medium level. Students’ learning style depends on their educational grade, gender and age. There is a direct correlation between IL & CL.
In training IL & CL, educators should consider learning styles of students. Also training courses must be categorized based on student's academic fields, educational grades and gender.

Food insecurity is one of the categories that has a serious impact on nutritional status. Intelligence quotient is an indicator of one's efficacy. Yet, limited studies have been conducted about food security status and socioeconomic factors associated with children's Intelligence quotient (IQ). The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of household food security status and some socioeconomic factors with children Intelligence quotient (IQ) in Mashhad.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 18-item USDA food security questionnaire, 200 children in the food secure group and 200 children in the food insecure group were included. The members of each group were matched 1 to 1 in terms of age and gender..Children’s age group was 4-6 years old, 18-item Food Security (USDA) and General information Questionnaires were completed through interview with mothers. The relationship between qualitative and quantitative variables with Intelligence quotient (IQ) was determined by Chi-square, T-independent and one-way ANOVA.
The mean scores of verbal, performance and total IQs in food insecure group without hunger were respectively 98.75±13.24, 102.94±12.96 and 100.84±11.04, which were lower than mean of children's IQ in the food secure group (p Food security is effective on Intelligence quotient (IQ) through its impact on nutrition and as a stress factor that affects the entire family.

Obesity is one of the most important problems which threaten global health. Healthcare organizations spend a large amount of money to predict and treat obesity every year. The most common treatment for obesity is concentrated on shaping a new lifestyle with more exercise and healthy diet. But a multitude of dieters fail. In this study, the role of cognitive processing in dieters` success or fail was investigated. Participants were successful (N= 42) and unsuccessful (N= 45) dieters between 18 and 40 years old. Attentional bias, positive implicit association, and working memory capacity were respectively measured by Dot-probe, a modified version of implicit association test (IAT), and N-Back. Results indicated that unsuccessful dieters showed greater attentional bias to (d= 0.69) and more food preferences for (d= 1.06) high-calorie food pictures. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in implicit associations and working memory capacity between groups. These results were congruent with some previous studies and they were discussed based on dual-processing model.

Today many theorists in etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) believe that a deficit in behavioral inhibition is a cause of appearing the symptoms of this disorder. Thus the frequency of high-risk behaviors in people with this disorder is expected to be remarkable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the high-risk behaviors in students who are sufferers and the non- sufferers of ADHD.
The study was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population included all students studying in the academic year 2015-16 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Among them two groups, with and without ADHD were selected through the convenience sampling method. There were 23 people in each group and this sample size was determined by Gpower application. Structural clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I), Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV and risk-taking scale were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS-18.
The findings showed that students with ADHD had more high-risk behaviors in dangerous driving, tendency to violence (p=0.01) and a tendency to sexual risk-taking (p=0.05) compared with those without this disorder. But there was not a significant difference among them in other high-risk behaviors.
According to the results, it can be concluded that high-risk behaviors are more common in students with ADHD compared with those without this disorder.