حبیب الله زنجانی

Population aging in Gilan is highest in all provinces of the country. That is why, Quality of Life The Elderly Inhabitant in Nursing Homes and Inhabitant in the House in Gilan Province and its affecting factors in this research has been researched. Theoretical framework of research is integrated. the variable of quality of life is examined both objectively and subjective. Dimensions of quality of life such as economic ability, health, mental performance as well as social participation are based on Franz's theory. Social support has also been evaluated based on Line's theory. Method of Research is based on scientific approach and survey. Questionnaire has been used for collecting data. The samples are divided into two groups including elderly people living at the nursing home and the elderly at home. The findings show that social support and its four dimensions in the elderly group living in the home have a significant difference with the elderly living in the nursing home. Mean variables of social support and participation are significantly higher among older people living at home than older people living in the nursing home. Also, basing on the path analysis, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the variables of social participation and social support with the variable of quality of life of the elderly.

The existence of many different ethnic groups and subcultures in Iran has created a very rich cultural context, which has sometimes led to the same differences, disputes and conflicts between different ethnic groups, which has led to crime. In this study, the factors affecting ethnic divergences and its impact on crime and social tensions of these ethnicities among the people of Urmia have been identified.

The present research has been done in terms of collecting information qualitatively and in terms of method of implementation in the context of theoretical method (with a social interpretive approach). The statistical population of the study is 18 people of Azeri ethnicity in Urmia who participated in this study based on purposive sampling method and considering the theoretical saturation criterion. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interview technique and after coding, the main concepts were obtained and by eliminating similar concepts and integrating them, the grounded context theory strategy was used to present the final theory.

Research findings were categorized into 87 concepts. Among these concepts, five main categories were identified: mother tongue language and literature disrespect by others, political dissatisfaction, ecosystem destruction, unfair distribution of wealth and resources of the country. The resulting underlying theory is presented in the form of a paradigm model that includes causal conditions, intervening conditions, action strategies, and consequences.

The five main categories obtained are the most important factors influencing ethnic divergence that have caused social tensions. The core category of research is the concept of "political dissatisfaction", which includes other main categories; if this issue is resolved, in the shadow of national security and respect for national identity, the occurrence of crime and social tensions resulting from ethnic divergence will be reduced.

The present article analyzes the sociological discourse of Azari folklore in Iran from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. The current research has analyzed and interpreted the stories and proverbs of the Azari language based on Norman fairclughs critical discourse analysis approach. The main question in this study is what discourses and proverbs of the Azari folk have been used in the discourse and what have been the conditions for the formation of those discourses? To analyze and explain the theories of Laclau and Mouffe's (1990) discourse analysis, Norman Fairclough's Critical Theory (1995), Clifford Geertz's Theory of Cultural Interpretation (1973) has been used as a theoretical and conceptual framework, and Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis approach has been used as the research method. The research type was qualitative and the analyzed data included three stories and thirty Azari folklore proverbs that among them two examples of folk tales and ten proverbs were analyzed in this article. The qualitative data of this qualitative research were selected in a purposive manner from three written sources of Azari folklore . The findings of the study indicate that there is a conflicting discourse between politics and the people, and the language of Azari folklore is a means of expressing criticism, protest and criticism of politics and the social situation.

Analyzing fertility based on the  second demographic transition in Iran, results in Contravertial outcomes; The us, its reliability becomes doubtful. This challenge comes from the completely different fertility perspective of the country. Therefore, present study tries to answer some questions about demographic  transition (1st and 2nd) through both theoretical as well as practical procedures. Findings of this study rejects the similarity of the various aspects of the second demographic transition in different populations and meanwhile, shows that Iran has passed the first demographic transition, but for the second transition, some irresolution still exist.

Women's social health is one of the most important issues affecting women's mental and physical health. But the key question is whether there is a difference between the social health status of female and non-female caregivers. And do social supports (emotional, informational, instrumental, and evaluative) affect women's social health?

To compare the effect of social support on the social health of female and non-guardian households.

The study was a survey. The statistical population consisted of all women heads of holy city who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The tools are: Keys Social Health Questionnaire (2004) and Researcher-Made Social Support Questionnaire (1398). The results were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient.

All dimensions of social health except social cohesion were above average. Among the dimensions of social support, emotional and instrumental support were above average and evaluative and informational support were below average. There was a significant relationship between variables of social support (and its four dimensions), age and education with social health of women in Mashhad (p<0/05). Education with the variables of women's social health confirmed that 47% of the variables of women's social health in Mashhad were explained by social support and education variables.

Social support had an impact on women's social health.

Good governance is a new pattern in the development literature that is shaped by the interaction of the three private sectors, civil society and the state. In fact, sustainable civil society and the civilian government are the key to achieving sustainable development and good governance. The main purpose of this study is "studying the role of political parties in the formation of good governance in Iran." The study was conducted in the form of a study and an interview with the political experts and political activists of the university, using a theoretical and purposeful sampling and using the method of fundamental theory. The reliability and validity of the research as a confirmatory or confirmatory capability in the form of avoiding a researcher's bias, reliability or reliability, and the confidence of the interviewees in extracted data and reliability in the form of data transfer with the interviewees, in consultation with the experts Came out. The research data obtained in the process of exploiting the fundamental theory method show that "the totalitarianism of the political system, political culture, and the awareness of political parties as a result of interacting conditions have been a consequence. Based on the findings of this study, the main problem and obstacle is the achievement of good governance in Iran, created by political systems. Political systems, both before and after the revolution, have always threatened the distribution of power and limited the freedom of action of parties and civil society organizations. Going to sustainable development and respecting the rights of citizens and orthodontics is a fundamental basis for achieving good governance in Iran.Key words: good governance, political parties, civil society, political culture, modern state.

Violence against women is more observed in families with some unique structures and conditions. This study aimed at exploring the impact of social capital and its components on violence against women with reference to the nature of family relationships. This descriptive-correlative study was conducted on all married females with the age range of 15-50 years in Ilam. According to the information from the statistical center of Iran, there were 40846 females. Out of these women, 400 cases were selected based on Cochran's Formula, Strauss method, and multi-stage clustering technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire of violence against women developed by Strauss et al. (1996) and a researcher-made questionnaire of social capital and its components. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 22) through the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression. Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1395.127 According to the results, women experienced mental, emotional, and economic violence more than other forms of violence against women. The findings also indicated that violence against women correlated significantly with women's age, the couple education, family income, the number of children, the spouses' socio-economic status, and the women's power in the family structure (P=0.001). The results of regression analysis revealed that 62% of the changes in violence against women can be explained by social capital and its components, including interpersonal trust, social support, social participation, family cooperation, social relations and interactions, social leniency, social consolidation, social solidarity ,life satisfaction, and legal awareness, P=0.001). Women enjoyment of social capital and its components, including social supports, social participation, social ties and relations, social trust, social awareness, and life satisfaction leads to the improvement of married life and decrease in the phenomenon of domestic violence.

Although, Fertility or the process of child bearing is a main and principal pillar of demography, but simultaneously, as a social phenomenon, it has a close relation to the culture and especially to the socio-economic feature as well as to macro policies of countries. Therefore, socio-economic and cultural policies and plans have considerable effect on fertility and reciprocally are affected by it. In other word, fertility, being a main factor of population change, also carries an important cultural element. Meanwhile, citizens of any country after moving to other countries still preserve their own culture, traditions and behaviors for many years and in some cases for whole their lives. However, available data indicates that fertility level is an exception and gradually tends to that of host country.  In this study, to examine this hypothesis, an Iranian national fertility trend was compared with that of Afghan immigrants. Results of this comparison showed that: the level of fertility among Afghan immigrants has a remarkable tendency to that of Iranian national level, while gradually deferring from their own national level. Therefore, a concurrency between fertility and cultural changes was approved. This finding was then explained using “ Nudge” theory and resulted in an outcome justified by theories of fertility explanation.

Increasing Life expectancy in the demographic transition is one of the most important demographic developments in Iran in the last century. This study, after evaluating and leveling the death data of Iran Census Bureau and Iran Census in 2016, investigates hopeful changes in terms of causes of death. Findings showed that in recent decade, mortality coverage has increased significantly so that after evaluation and leveling the data can be calculated directly using the Iranian life tables. According to Fraser, the Rectangularization of Mortality is being formed and there is still much potential for improving mortality reduction at the age of 50 to 70. In 2016, five major causes of death (cardiovascular disease, cancers, accidents, Respiratory, infectious, and parasitic diseases) accounted for more than 71 percent of deaths. Removing them adds to the hopefulness of 9.6 for men and 10.8 for women. Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are important causes of death in old age and adulthood. Death due to events of all ages, especially in young men, is observed. Iran still has great potential to reduce mortality at all ages. Therefore, after identifying bottlenecks, it can be hoped that, with

This paper is to investigate the impact of social capital on the good governance of young people. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch that 280 students were selected as statistical sample. In theoretical foundations, theories related to this field were used and the research theoretical model was designed. In terms of target type, an applied study and scope, is micro and temporal, is a cross-sectional study. In terms of quantitative methodology and correlation, this study was carried out using a standard questionnaire which was distributed among respondents after validation and validity. The collected data were analyzed using Spss18 software in two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that the hypothesis of the impact of social capital on good governance (with a coefficient of β = 0.931 and R2 = 866 = 0 and Sig = 0.000) is confirmed and indicates the 86 percent power of social capital in prediction Good governance; all the assumptions of the research were confirmed.

Energy has always played an essential role in human life. In the current situation, due to the increasing number of consumers and the changing lifestyles of individuals and the need for faster access to consumer needs because of time constraints, the society has always faced the danger of waste and reduced resources and the concern to improve and optimize consumption patterns of people in the community .Among energy carriers, electricity is especially important due to its high benefits and increasing demand. The present study uses a qualitative method based on the fundamental theory approach to study the habits of urban power consumption. Based on the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion, 56 residents of district 5 of Tehran were interviewed. During the data encoding process from 631 data, 173 concepts, 24 categories of items and 6 major categories were constructed and finally the main category of "the habits of urban household energy consumption" was extracted. Research findings show that on the individual level, factors such as comfort, lack of individual responsibility, distrust, low awareness and at the mid-level the habit and daily routine and at macro level, the technological developments and energy policies on unsustainable consumption of energy and its continuity in the form of consumption habits effect the families..

The phenomenon of domestic violence is considered as the origin of many individual and social harms and it occurs in all developed and developing countries and among all socio-economic, age, and vocational groups. In the current study, using the qualitative approach of grounded theory, husbands' violence against wives was studied based on the viewpoint and life experience of women affected by violence.
In order to collect data 35 women who were victims of violence and had referred to the social emergency centers were interviewed. The research findings were classified in 29 primary concepts in open coding, then were classified in eight main categories. The canonical category obtained as "the reflection of socio-cultural structure of the society".
The results show that the highest rate of violence has been experienced among women aged 30 to 40 years. Findings of this study show that among types of violence, psycho-emotional and physical violence is more common. The qualitative findings of the current study, while referring to the general elements of husbands' violence against women such as low level of education, unemployment, poverty, and the undesirable economic conditions, also presented some special categories like the existence of patriarchal thoughts, compulsory marriage, the reduction in interpersonal trust, the reduction in social support, experiencing violence in family of origin, low level of women's authority in the family structure, and the reduction in cooperation in the family

This study aimed to sociologically study the use of cyberspace and its impact on social deviance among secondary school students in Kermanshah in 2015-2016 school year through descriptive survey method.

The target population included all high school students in the city of Kermanshah. The sample consisted of 381 individuals who were selected through stratified random sampling method. The sample size was calculated by Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was developed using the theory of social deviations and research objectives and questions. After confirming the content validity of the questionnaire by the supervisor and experts, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α > .94). Findings and

The results of data analyses show that the daily use of students from the cyberspace was as follows: less than an hour (20%), between 1-3 hours (75%), 3-5 hours (4%), more than five hours (1%). The highest time use of cyberspace was communicative type (58%) and the lowest time use of cyberspace was cognitive type (9%) and the leisure time use was 33%. The other results also showed that in the prioritization of the components of social deviance, the desire to harm public places had the highest rate and the tendency to cheat on school tests had the lowest rate. There is a direct and significant relationship between the type of use and the use of cyberspace and social deviance.

This study aimed to study the sociological use of cyberspace and its impact on social deviance among secondary school students in Kermanshah in 95-94 school year the survey was conducted using the method. The target population included all high school students in Kermanshah second period. The research sample consisted of 381 people, which is calculated using the formula. Stratified random sampling and questionnaire is self-made. The results of the study show that daily use of cyberspace The length of time between one and three hours (74/80) and the least amount of time using cyberspace more than five hours (33/1 percent). The maximum duration of the annual usage of cyberspace between one and two years (55/38) and the least amount of time using cyberspace for more than four years (6/04) was the highest allowable use of communication ( 0/58) and the lowest use of cyberspace cognitive (9/44) is. Results also showed the priority components of social deviance, the desire for the greatest amount of damage to public places and watch movies and Islamic unlicensed images is at its lowest and between type of use and the use of cyberspace and social deviations there is a significant relationship.

To assess the frequency and type of associated malformations and chromosomal anomalies among patients with anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma in Sistan and Baluchestan province.
Patients with a clinical diagnosis of anophthalmia, microphthalmia, or coloboma were examined to find any anomaly in craniofacial, muscle-skeletal, cardiac, neurologic and urogenital systems. Also, karyotyping was performed to diagnose any chromosomal anomalies.
Different kinds of systemic anomalies were detected in six of 26 patients (23.1 %). None of the patients had any kind of chromosomal anomalies. Neurologic disorders were the most frequent systemic anomalies among the patients (19.2%), followed by craniofacial anomalies (11.2 %). All of the systemic anomalies were found in anophthalmic and microphthalmic cases but not in cases with coloboma.
Due to the likelihood of systemic disorders in patients with anophthalmia and microphthalmia, regular and systemic examinations seems necessary in these patients.

The present study was carried out in order to examine the effect of cultural & social capitals on participatory action in renovation of the texture around Razavi Shrine. The research question is why despite the emphasis on public participation in theRenovation of texture, such participation is in the context is poor? The theoretical framework is based on theories of Bourdieu, Putnam and Coleman. Survey method was utilized to carry out the study, and data collection was conducted through questionnaire. Multistage cluster sampling was employed in order to select 426 individuals residing the old texture around Razavi Shrine. According to the results of the study as the calculated average indices, it was concluded that the level of cultural and social capitals in the studied area was high and had a positive effect on the residents’ participation in the renovation projects.
However, the effect of capital was more than that of cultural one. Among the components of cultural and social capital, sense of cooperation¡ social commitment and social integration had the highest level of effect on participatory action among residents of the old textures under investigation.
The point that is worth paying attention to, is that despite of the high rate of social and cultural capitals among the residents and their positive effect on participatory action, the rate of their participation in renovation projects of the old texture around Razavi Shrine is poor, which can be attributed to the issue of social trust.

The main goal of the present research is to study the different effects of globalization, through understanding the transformation of development paradigms, especially the modernization approach and its influence on the population policy in Iran before the 1979 Revolution and during the period from 1963 to 1979. Research methodology was library method; and using quantitative and qualitative methods, proportional to different parts of research, the population policies have been examined. The present study examines Iran’s entry into the global system and illustrates the domination of development discourses as the paradigms dominating the underdeveloped countries. This study shows how the government at that time used the dominant paradigm of modernization to implement the policy of reducing population growth through the population transfer theory, and paved the way for changing the structure of the population, and as a result reduced population growth in Iran from 3.2 percent in 1963 to 2.6 percent in 1976.

Developing reproductive hea-lth and addressing its different dimensions is one of the basic steps in order to provide the society and family’s health, particularly women. This research mainly aims to study and recognize the effective factors on mother’s reproductive health in Koohdasht and Dorood.

This study was a cr-oss-sectional survey method and data was collected through questionnaire. The study population included the mothers between 15 to 45 years old living in Koohdasht and Dorood. Based on Cochran formula, the Sample size for women in Koohdash was equal to 198 and for Dorood equal to 162. The sampling method was multi-stage clu-ster sampling. Finally, data was analyzed by SPSS through Mann-Whitney test and Spe-arman correlation coefficient at the signify-cant level of P <0.05.

Given the Spearman correlation coefficient, a negative and low correlation (p=0.013, r=0.131) was seen between re-productive health and age in the first pregnancy. Based on the findings on wo-men who married at the ages of 15 to 29 ye-ars old enjoyed more reproductive health in comparison to those who married before 15 or after 30 years old. There was a negative and low correlation between reproductive health and gender priorities for infant (p=0.039, r=-.109). Women living in urban areas (195.21) significantly (p=0.12) enjo-yed higher reproductive health in comp-arison to women living in rural areas (167.63). Also, there was a significant difference between Koohdasht and Dorood in terms of reproductive health (p=0.025). Reproductive health of women living in Koohdasht was (169.4) lower than women living in Dorood (194.07). Discussion &

Reproductive he-alth of women living in Koodasht was lo-wer than women living in Dorood and wo-men living in urban areas have higher rep-roductive health than women living in rural areas. Preferring boy infant than girl dec-reases the reproductive health due to the more number of parturitions and decrease in pregnancy intervals. Overall, according to this research findings, increasing the wo-men’s knowledge of reproductive health and family planning through the training both of cities is crucial.