حبیب الله سیاری

In Iran, due to its unique geographical position and access to open seas through the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, and the Caspian Sea, marine resources can play a significant role in economic development, national security, and the provision of energy and food resources.Therefore, the alignment and synergy of key organizations are crucial and unavoidable. Based on the conducted research, it has been identified that the following organizations are the most influential in the development of a maritime-based economy: the Ports and Maritime Organization, National Iranian Tanker Company, Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines, Navy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Marine Industries Organization of the Ministry of Defense, Fisheries Organization, Environmental Protection Organization, High Council for Marine Industries, and the National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science. The alignment of these organizations contributes to Iran’s economic development and national security.This study, conducted through scientometrics and document content analysis, investigates synergy in the maritime horizon for the sustainable development of the water-related economy. For this purpose, all relevant documents were extracted and analyzed from the Scopus database. The analyzed documents included 46 articles up to the year 2025. The bibliometric and scientometric findings were analyzed using BibExcel and VOSviewer software, leading to the creation of scientific maps. 14 clusters and 201 items were identified. Through content analysis of the documents, the 14 clusters' thematic hotspots were recognized, and research gaps were highlighted.Based on the study findings and the identification of research gaps, practical recommendations and suggestions for future research were provided.Developing an integrated framework to align and synergize related institutions can prevent redundancy, task overlap, and unsustainable resource exploitation. Complementary recommendations were presented based on the 14 clusters, along with identifying challenges and solutions derived from the research results.

One of the richest sources of religious knowledge in the field of defense is Nahj al-Balagha, which contains the strategies and guidance of Imam Ali (A.S.) on this subject. This study aims to identify, extract, integrate the content, and model these teachings within the framework of a military doctrine.

This research is conducted within the interpretivist paradigm, adopting a qualitative approach and utilizing thematic analysis. The data sources include the military teachings of Nahj al-Balagha, which were selected through purposeful sampling and analyzed using a network of themes as the primary tool.

The identified teachings were integrated into ten main categories, which include: belief competencies, value competencies, moral competencies, personality capabilities, cognitive capabilities, emotional capabilities, military behavior teachings, martial arts, divine mission orientation, and seeking proximity and divine satisfaction. The interconnections among these categories were also presented in the form of a multi-level model.

The human-centered, ethics-oriented, and value-driven nature of defense organizations in Islamic societies is a distinct feature that influences their military doctrine at all three levels. The model presented in this study can contribute to a better understanding of the mission, professional ethics of military service, required competencies for military personnel, and leadership styles in defense organizations within Islamic societies.

Professional ethics encompass the principles and standards of conduct that guide the decisions and practices of professionals in the respective fields and should be compatible with the nature and requirements of the job. This article was written to design a military code of ethics based on the ethical teachings of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh.

This applied research has been conducted with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis strategy. The information sources of the research include the ethical teachings of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh related to the military, which were selected purposefully and analyzed and reported through the thematic network tool.

The ethical principles and teachings identified and extracted are integrated into five broad themes: basic beliefs, interpersonal ethical principles, the value-based principles of the militaristic profession، Ethical behavior (how to interact with people militaries), and ethics principles in battle.

This research extracted the teachings of military ethics from one of the best works of Iranian national culture and added to the existing knowledge in this field. The promotion and practice of these ethical principles by cultural practitioners of military organizations can strengthen the military's intellectual, belief, moral, and behavioral foundations.

Considering the importance and position of submarines and their staying power in the naval war scene, the human power factor plays an influential and undeniable role in the victory of submarines in the war scene and in naval wars they play a significant role in improving the staying power of conventional submarines underwater. Based on this, this research was carried out with the aim of providing strategies to improve the durability of conventional submarines in the field of manpower.

The research method used in this research is classified in the field of research and development in terms of its purpose, because the purpose of the research is to determine and evaluate the strategic factors of the external environment and the internal environment that are effective in improving the staying power of conventional Nadaja submarines in the field of human resources with regard to The conditions and requirements are available. The data collection method is mixed, which in the qualitative part is the theoretical sampling method, which means that the sampling is voluntary and not random. The tool for data collection is an in-depth interview with a group of twelve experts who had sufficient knowledge of the subject under study, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was created by the researcher and the statistical sample was 59.

Two opportunities, four strengths, two threats, and seven weaknesses out of 15 factors were identified and four strategies were presented.

after identifying the internal and external factors, the most important strategies presented include bilateral cooperation with the country's prestigious educational centers, in order to implement a variety of new educational methods (teaching methods, problem-based, brainstorming, and reverse teaching) in order to reduce educational weaknesses; Improving the staying power of conventional submarines, through solving livelihood problems and further strengthening the spirit of self-sacrifice among employees in order to reduce the reluctance and everyday life of employees.

Taking into account the different conditions in each region of the world, naval forces play different roles, which include: military roles, maritime diplomacy, policing, relief and humanitarian roles, which are normally expected from a deep-sea navy capable of to fulfill them. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to formulate strategies for the development of the roles of Nadaja.

In this applied-developmental article, a descriptive-analytical method is used with a mixed approach and using the optimal method of developing a strategic plan available in the National Defense University. The data of this research was collected by both field and library methods, and the statistical population is 70 experts related to the subject, and by using the SWOT method, the considered strategies were formulated.

After analyzing the data obtained from ecology, 22 factors have been identified as strengths, 10 factors as weaknesses, 8 opportunities and 8 threats in the development of roles.

The results of this research indicate the formulation of the following eight strategies in order to develop the roles of Nadaja. The expected operational presence in the open seas and oceans of the world, the construction of the necessary major equipment in accordance with the ideal portfolio of superior naval defense technologies, the formation of a naval alliance with the neighbors, the establishment of peace and stability in the region, the reduction of the effects of economic sanctions, the development of ports and harbors, the development sea-oriented economy, development of Makran coasts.

This article seeks to identify the central categories of the military thought of the army commanders during the sacred defense period.in terms of type, the current research is applied-developmental and based on a qualitative approach with the foundation data method. According to the exploratory approach of the research in order to explain the military thought, all the contents and documents left by the army commanders during the sacred defense period, which were available, were examined and analyzed during three stages of coding (open, central and selective coding). By using open coding, the concepts related to each content were identified and identified, and after that, similar concepts emerged in a group of components, and by putting together several similar components, the categories of military thought of the army commanders during the Holy Defense era, which were Then, the central categories of the military thought of the commanders were divided, extracted and specified as follows. the main categories (opinions, thoughts and military experiences of army commanders during the holy defense period) are:The overall goal of the army commanders, to plan, implement and direct operations to defend the Islamic system, the people and the homeland, was achieved by all-round mobilization of the army's facilities in the land, air and sea fields in the following four stages:Blocking the movement of the aggressor, stabilizing the aggressor, liberating the occupied areas, pursuing and punishing the aggressor.

Today, many countries, considering their domestic capacities and international opportunities, are trying to build a national brand in order to improve their national identity and present a powerful and inspiring image in foreign minds. The progress and development of Makran coasts relies on having a unique regional development strategy (RDS) whose requirements are derived from the upstream documents and general policies of the country. The main research question is what is the position of the concept of national brand in the regional development model of Makran coast based on upstream documents? The current research, using the method of thematic analysis, examined the upstream documents and selected general policies of the country and concluded eight requirements in the regional development model of Makran. The results show that in the eyes of policymakers, the realization of the development of Makran coast depends on the formulation of national plans based on regional advantages, the transformation of the Makran region into a set of large centers and economic hubs with an international role, the promotion of economic diplomacy (with priority to neighbors and Islamic countries), activation The role of transit (with emphasis on the North-South corridor) is to pay attention to the government's protectionist attitude towards the regional development of Makran, give priority to knowledge-based industries and businesses, build a national brand, strengthen tourism and export handicrafts.

The risk-taking culture plays a crucial role in shaping managers' behavior and decision-making orientation when facing organizational threats and risks. When this type of culture aligns with organizational requirements, it becomes a valuable cultural capital. This research aims to utilize a valid risk culture model to determine the optimal state of the risk-taking culture within each branch of the I.R.I Army.

The current research is an applied, quantitative, inductive, and descriptive-survey study. The statistical population consists of commanders, strategic managers, and middle managers from selected Army organizations. Data were collected through a survey method using a questionnaire tool and analyzed based on the implementation process of the desired model.

Differences exist in the suitable condition of the risk culture components (risk orientation, decision-making style, focal point, and formalism) among the subordinate forces of the army, leading to the recognition of specific desirable risk-taking cultures for each branch. Hierarchical type, protect type, venture type, and strategic type have been identified as appropriate risk cultures for the ground force, air defense force, air force, and Navy of the army, respectively.

The unique content factors of organizations necessitate the adoption of different types of risk-taking culture. The results of this research provide a foundation for improving and managing risk culture within this organization.

Military thought is one of the dimensions of defense thought and is considered a fundamental and decisive issue in military behavior and functions. Military thought is the basis of military behavior and functions, which is embodied in the form of military identity, military ideology and philosophy, military theory, military doctrine, military power and authority. The military thought of the commanders of AJA in holy defense has shown and proved its success in practice, and the need to know these thoughts and the factors affecting them will make the current and future commanders of the army familiar with the methods. By explaining the factors affecting the military thought of the army commanders during the holy defense period, it is possible to understand the crystallization of the military thought of the commanders in the battle scene during the holy defense period.In terms of type, this research is applied-developmental and based on a qualitative approach with the Foundation's data method. According to the exploratory approach of the research in explaining the factors affecting thought, all the available contents and documents were examined and the concepts related to each content were determined and identified using open coding, and then by categorizing similar concepts into a group of components. appeared and by putting together several similar components, the categories or the same factors affecting the military thought of the commanders, which include: the enemy's miscalculation in relation to the people's support for the ideals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, preventing the spread of the message of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the world, strengthening The front of arrogance is the support of the superpowers for Iraq and the limitation of human resources and equipment.

One of the characteristics of the geoeconomic era is the importance of economics in the global arena. Geoeconomics studies the influence of economic factors or infrastructures in the country, regional or global environment on political decisions and power struggles and the influence of these factors on the formation of regional or global geopolitical structure. And by using space and geographical places and marine environment, it increases the geopolitical weight of a country. The present article explains the role of geoeconomic factors in promoting the geopolitical weight of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf. This article is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Data collection was done by library method and survey method and data analysis was done by mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative method). The statistical population of the study was aware of geoeconomic and geopolitical issues, including 66 people and was selected in full. Research results show. Geographical factors (maritime location, suitable beaches, communication location) and coastal economy (energy resources, coastal and marine fisheries and aquaculture, coastal-maritime tourism, foreign direct investment, shipbuilding and scrap industries, port development from Generation 2 to Generation 3 and 4, Trade and Maritime Transport, Coastal Free Trade-Industrial Zones and Residential Structures in the Persian Gulf as Geo-Economic Factors each play a decisive role in promoting Iran's geopolitical weight.

Futurists believe that "the maritime world in 2030 will be almost unrecognizable due to the growing trend of globalization and the emergence of emerging countries, the demand for new resources and increasing consumers"; So the oceans will remain in political and national and international economic considerations and ultimately of great strategic importance. The future of the Navy will continue to be of strategic importance, with ocean space, economic challenges, legal disputes, climate change due to new geopolitical considerations, shifting power in the Indo-Pacific region, and the opening of the Arctic. Increased exploitation of marine resources and reliance on maritime territory to preserve population and support economic and social development leads to environmental tensions and political frictions. In view of the above, the authors argue in this article that for the reasons listed above, the naval position will become increasingly prominent in the future.

One of the requirements regarding acquisition of maritime authority is the adoption of a strategy based on the continuous presence in distant waters. This requires the development of a strategic model that meets the need for distant presence of dispatch convoys through establishing a naval base in one of the western Indian Ocean countries. To attain this purpose, this paper first discusses the importance of the Indian Ocean and then surveys the experiences of other countries, including trans-regional and regional countries regarding the establishment of a base in the western Indian Ocean. The present study is an applied-developmental one which used a case-field method. The temporal realm of this study is up to the horizon of 1414 and its spatial realm is the western Indian Ocean and its thematic realm also include the realm of naval power. The statistical population of the study is 49 individuals and library and survey methods were used to collect data. Data collection tools include articles, documents of organizations and academic websites, interviews and closed questionnaires. Regarding data analysis, SPSS and SmartPLS softwares were used for quantitative and factor analysis, respectively. As the results show, the researcher was able to explain the factors and strategic features effective in establishing offshore bases, identify obstacles and challenges of creating a naval base. Finally, he found eight effective dimensions in the creation of a naval base and identified a number of corresponding components for each dimension, regardless of which countries are the base and destination ones, important dimensions and components to provide a conceptual model of base creation.

Human capital productivity is one of the most important drivers of sustainable productivity in the organization and productivity must be developed in accordance with the requirements of strategies and macro-orientations of the organization. Therefore, this study has identified and classified the requirements for improving the productivity of human capital of defense organizations according to Imam Khamenei.

This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and has been done with an interpretive-inductive approach.The sources of information for the study are Ayatollah Khamenei's speeches on improving human resources and capital in meetings with officials of defense and government organizations. Findings of the research have been analyzed using qualitative content analysis and cognitive mapping with the help of MaxQDA software.

From the analysis of lectures, 201 open codes were identified regarding the factors affecting the productivity of defense human capital, which were classified into four main categories, which are: mental, spiritual, scientific and technical readiness as well as managerial requirements.

The development and implementation of human capital development plans in defense organizations should be done in accordance with the nature of the mission of these organizations, expectations and measures and with a comprehensive approach to strengthen human capital readiness to advance organizational strategies and effectively perform expected tasks and plans.

Sea is the main platform for the worldwide trade. Whatever this trading route is more crowded and more precious commodities are transferred via this route, it will happen to be more significant and its control will become an important issue. In other words, anyone who has the ability to control any strategic seaway, will obtain more power and could control international interactions. It’s important to take in mind that the main requirement to establish a sea power, is permanent presence, that means it’s necessity to prepare special conditions to increase the extent and duration of sea presence. The principle requirement for accessing to this necessity is establishment of naval bases. The main matter to take in mind in relation to effectiveness of base establishment on increasing the sea power, is the priority of noting to non military scales of sea power as economical, geographical, legal, political, cultural and scientific scales except than military scale. The study type is “Applied Developmental” and the study method is “Case Study”. This study has been accomplished by assessing the Sea Power theories and also reviewing the Britain's naval Doctrine of the 21st century, the result of which heads us to scales for showing the effectiveness of naval base establishment on increasing the sea power of IR of Iran.

The northern provinces are among the main areas involved in World War II in Iran. During the years of occupation of Iran in World War II, the northern cities and villages of the country were not immune from the direct and indirect consequences of attacks.The type of consequences that the researchers want in this research are security-police consequences.Observing the oppression of the occupiers, the inability and inefficiency of the government to realize the rights of all our compatriots against the aggression of the occupiers, etc. are among the hardships happened to the people of the north of our country.This article seeks to answer the question that what were the security and police consequences of the World War II in the northern cities of Iran through descriptive and historical research method and the use of relevant documents as well as conversations with the northern settlers? In fact, this article takes a new look at World War II in Iran and finally in northern Iran. Findings show that the failure of cultural security and censorship, damage to economic security and inflation, disruption of government exports from the north, the suspension of special government projects, weakening supervision and enforcement of government laws, extortion and looting of people's property, health insecurity, outbreaks of disease, escalating civil strife, blatant violations by the occupiers, temporary evacuation of police and security facilities in the north, social dissatisfaction due to the impacts of the occupation, security problems caused by the presence of war refugees, increased espionage activities and the fifth pillar, were some of the security and police consequences of the World War II in the northern cities of the country. Keywords: World War II, northern Iran, consequences, police-security.

Today, sea power is not confined to military power and it also includes other dimensions such as sea sciences, navy, political geography, marine services and sea industries. Each of these dimensions and its components have a special place in the sea power of the country. Marine industries are considered one of the mother's industries whose development and its associated components contribute to the development of many upstream and downstream industries as a result of the development seabase and development of sea power. In this research, we have tried to describe the dimensions of each of these components in the sea power of the country by using interviews and questionnaires. At the end and based on the results of the research, were identified twenty components for dimension of the marine industries which, in terms of their priority, the tracking route for the relevant authorities in order to develop these components and achieve the advanced sea power of the country.

Superior marine power, on the one hand, changes in the volume and type of maritime missions, the availability of a lean-agile supply chain is very essential in the uncertainty environment. In this paper the Leagility factors of the maritime supply chain has been considered. Using a combined approach of fuzzy cognitive maps and Delphi method, the relationship and ratio of relations of the leagility factors have been identified and the he interaction of these factors were determined. Two main relationship have been found. The leagility factors of the maritime supply chain with high power relationship have dynamic and strong effects on the supply chain leagility, but the Leagility factors of the maritime supply chain with low power relationship have strong effects on leagility readiness of the supply chain.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of organizational and functional factors on the development of ready officers and naval commissioners of the Strategic Naval Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research included experts, university professors and faculty members, commanders and senior managers of the Armed Forces and other maritime organizations. He had a record of service and a minimum of a bachelor's degree or higher and 1535 people. The executive method of this research is qualitative and quantitative mixing. First, the qualitative data method of the foundation was used using coding method, indicators and variables were determined and then the questionnaire was quantitatively used to test the research hypotheses. It has been confirmed by convergent and divergent narrative method and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using structural equation method using Smart PLS software. According to the analysis, the results of this study have shown that the factors of organizational and functional factors affect the development of ready officers and naval commissioners of the Strategic Naval Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The development of ready-made officers and commissioners of the Navy's Strategic Naval Commission has been presented.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence and its components on organizational agility among staff of Imam Khomeini Nava; academy in Nowshahr. This is an applied study and its method is descriptive - survey. The statistical population consisted of 588 staff of Imam Khomeini Naval Academy. The sample size was 233 people using Morgan table and they were selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection tool was a questionnaire and research data were collected using Coleman Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2001) and Nikpour and Salajegah Organizational Agility Ability Questionnaire (2012). Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing by SPSS software. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the components of emotional intelligence and organizational agility capabilities.

Recognizing the geomorphologic and climatic features of different parts of the country is an important and essential principle, without which dangerous mistakes will not be made. this paper examines the geographical features, especially the relationship between Geomorphoclastic factors with the optimal locating of critical, sensitive, and important centers of Makran coastal area from Jask to Gowatre Bay with Passive Defensive Approach.
Considering the necessity of locating critical, sensitive, and important centers and facilities with Defensive Passive approach effectively and cleverly and evaluation Characteristics Of geomorphological and climatic of Makran coastal (from Jask to Gowatre Bay), the map of the development plan of Makran Coastal was drawn by the secretariat of the development of Makran Coastal achieve security stability in this area of Iran country. In the current study, according to the separation of the geomorphologic units of the Makran region, the coastline and coastal plain up to 50 km radius and hills and mountains up to 200 km in depth were considered as operational and strategic areas, respectively.
The research instruments were topographic and geology maps and aerial and satellite images of the region. Furthermore, we identified the effective factors, both natural and human, in locating critical, sensitive, and important centers with an emphasis on Defensive Passive approach, using questionnaires and interviewing with experts. Identifying the factors, the geomorphologic and climatic elements were analyzed using BWM analytical method for comparing the criteria in the best and worst case; the effective factors and elements in locating with Passive Defensive approach underwent final ranking and weighing. Among the indices, slope with final weight (0.257) and relative humidity with final weight (0.030) were the most and the least important indices, respectively. Finally, in Arc GIS software environment, we obtained a map in which the areas suitable for the construction of sensitive and important centers were identified.
The results indicate that the eastern coastal regions of the concerned area are in more suitable conditions for locating compared to the western ones. In addition, according to the final map based on geomorphologic factors in the GIS environment, the area of ​​optimal zones for the locating of sensitive and important centers is more in the northern part, compared to the southern regions. In other words, it can be said that the geomorphologic features such as topographic and physiography conditions of rivers and… of the region are more favorable in the northern part compared to the southern regions and in the coastal plain area in the eastern part compared to the western part for the selection of an optimal locating for sensitive and important centers.

the status of healt and hygiene in the military of the islamic republic of Iran in two available and favourable conditions .To reach the process of damage recognition in the military of the Islamic Republic of Iran health and care system, the system functions have been stated in the following 5 categories: 1-Structure and process 2-command and leadership 3-Human resources of the military health care system 4- The Technological system and available equipment at the system level 5- Financial system of the health care system and organization, the mentioned above were seperately fenced and investigated.The following research is based on the goal of practical research and developement form and is based on investigative reasearch model. The data needed for scientific literature in the second chapter with the aid of note takinfg and using the method of library refrence, articles, the internet and interview of scientific experts has been provided.Experimentations of the following research have been devided into two categories: the firs one from experts and pros for interview from twenty(20) individuals, and in the second group the data which was needed for analysing the variables in two available and favourable condition with the aid of providing a tool of two-way questionnaire with the help of level scaling was needed from the staff and managers working in the health and care system, a number of 108 people were chosen. Stability of the interview format have been taken into survey and with this the formal and logical validity of the questionnaire on a basis of quantity and quality of the questions have been approved by the experts of university scholars and professors of the university of medical science. The validity of the structure was provided with analysis methods and has undergone assessments, and the assessed data shows that all the output rached from the load factor and the collecting of data was above 4. The data which was provided with the questionnaire tool in two available and favourable conditions and with the aid of discriptive statistic techniques, including abundance, precentage of abundance, cumulative abundance( population recognition dada) and data relating to the statements of the questionnaire with the use of inferential statistic techniques like factor analysis technique, the two versioned (T) test with samples connected with the direction of analyzing the gap between the current and favourable condition were analyzed. The most important finding of the research states that in each of the five mentioned areas, in order for the society under research to shift from the current situation and to reach the favourable condition seems far from hand.

Dust aerosols make a considerable contribution to the climate system through their radiative effects due to their abundance in the atmosphere. Recent observations suggest that over the past decade, dust events have become more frequent in many parts of Iran, especially in the west and southwest. Through their radiative forcing, dust aerosols have significant effects on the regional radiation budget of the atmosphere, while their adverse effects on human health have also raised serious concerns. The primary aim of the present study is to examine the radiation effects associated with a severe dust storm that occurred in west and southwest Iran on 16 to 21 June 2012. To this end, the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was used. Two simulations were conducted: a model setup that did not include dust aerosols, and the one that included dust aerosols and their feedback to the atmosphere. A two-way interactive nested domain (nesting ratio:1:3) simulations were performed using 98 Í 90 and 151 Í 139 horizontal grid points, respectively. In the vertical, 27 σ-levels were used. The grid spacing for the two domains were 45 and 15 km, respectively. Simulations ran from 16 to 22 June 2012, and the first 24 hours was considered as the spin-up time. Meteorological initial conditions were obtained from the Global Forecast System (GFS) data at 0.5˚Í 0.5˚ resolution. The performance of the model was evaluated using the available observed data, including PM10 observations in Ahwaz located in southwest Iran, available AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data in nearby areas, and aerosol products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) carried on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft. Results indicate that PM10 concentration in Ahwaz is overestimated by the model, while simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) is underestimated compared to the observed AERONET data. Relatively, good agreement is found between the model results and satellite products, and temporal evolution of the dust events is also well-simulated. Thus, generally, the performance of the model is acceptable for accurate simulation of the dust event. Our analysis indicated that radiative effects of dust particles cause cooling at the surface and top of the atmosphere, but warming in the middle of the troposphere. On average, perturbation of shortwave radiation by dust aerosols in the west, and southwest Iran is estimated to be -7.27, 1.79 and -5.47 W m-2 at the surface, in the middle and at the top of the atmosphere, respectively. Average perturbation of the longwave radiation by dust aerosols over the same region was estimated to be 2.2, -1.61 and 0.59 W m-2 at the surface, in the middle and at the top of the atmosphere, respectively. Thus, the net (shortwave longwave) radiative effect of dust aerosols averaged in west and southwest Iran is found to be -5.07, 0.19 and -4.88 W m-2 at the surface, in the middle and at the top of the atmosphere, respectively.

Sea transportation as a national competitive advantage has not been able to realize its actual capacities up to now. Meanwhile, this study seeks to present a set of policies which if stepped along with; the goals of the Islamic system will be realized in the same field. Doing so, it is conducted with qualitative method in such a way that the speeches of the late Imam and supreme leader are first studied and then classified and analyzed through Thematic and Discourse Analyses. The outcome of the study suggests that six constituents including: development of sea logistic transportation; objectives, scientific and applied development of sea transportation; gathering and publishing information and countering corruption; economic development in reliance with sea and roadstead activities; completing management elements in administering sea transportation; and development of sea transportation system are dimensions of sea transportation.

A The geopolitics of the Caspian Sea region after the collapse of the Soviet Union and replace the four newly independent country instead in this area, Have been changes. In this study, as »Caspian Sea geopolitical impact of military factors on the defense strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran« is tried these developments, Geopolitics through the lens of military factors on the defense strategy is considered. Therefore, this study Application form After conducting theoretical studies and Ecology geopolitics of the Caspian Sea region have tried, Military factors related to geopolitics And effective defense strategy Islamic Republic of Iran exploration Then to confirm this and to determine role of factors (In the context of project opportunities, threatening, strengths and weaknesses) Two questionnaires were designed and set. The first questionnaire to confirm the geopolitical factors affecting military the population of 12 people and The second questionnaire to determine the role of the population of 49 people Were distributed. Finally, at the conclusion In response to the survey questions, The most important opportunities and threatening also The important factors of military strengths and weaknesses that The Islamic Republic of Iran are effective on defensive strategy’ were determined in 24 Geopolitical factors.