حجت الاسلام سیدجواد حسینی

In developing societies, in addition to the fact that the high fertility rate can cause problems, its low rate causes the age structure of the population to change to old age. Proportionate population of countries is important according to social conditions, and every country should try to reduce social vulnerability with policies based on increasing or decreasing fertility by recognizing the social and economic effects. This article is done with the aim of identifying social harms with regard to total fertility.

The current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and a qualitative research in terms of its method, which was conducted to identify the components of social vulnerability with the approach of total fertility in 1403. For this purpose, based on the review of past studies, 75 components were identified and then using the opinions of 27experts in the field of research, the most important components were identified and categorized.

Based on the results of 6 dimensions and 14components have been determined as components of social vulnerability with total fertility: family/community composition (3components), social and economic status (5components), status of minority groups (1component), status Community health (2components), public health infrastructure (2components) and education (1component).

Considering the importance of the economic-social situation and the mentioned damages, it is suggested that the target group in the implementation of population policies should be in the areas that are exposed to less economic-social damagesl; and More facilities should be considered in areas where this damage is more.

The wave of e-commerce has affected the performance of many companies in the field of marketing, and this issue itself has caused the trend of many companies towards digital marketing. This study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of e-commerce and the adoption of digital marketing on the sustainability of small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies in Shiraz, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of the nature and form of implementation. The statistical population of this research includes0011 employees of knowledge-based companies in Shirar city, of which a sample of 613 people was selected using the census method. Structural equation modeling technique and Smart Pls software have been used to test the hypotheses. The results of this analysis showed that e-commerce and the adoption of digital marketing have an effect on the sustainability of small and medium-sized companies. E-commerce has an impact on the sustainability of small and medium-sized companies. The adoption of digital marketing has an impact on the sustainability of small and medium-sized companies.

Families, as crucial social institutions, play a vital role in providing emotional and physical support to their members and teaching life skills. The rapid evolution of communication technologies and media has significantly influenced this institution, leading to major changes within it. This research aims to categorize issues and offer suggestions for addressing gaps in research or media policy-making. The research question is: How have studies in the field of family and the media been classified, and what topics have been discussed under each classification? The theoretical framework of this article is based on Dependency Theory, Manuel Castells' Theory, and Cultivation Theory, with data analysis conducted using meta-analysis and thematic analysis methods. In this study, after reviewing 93 extracted articles on the subject of media and family, and analyzing descriptive statistics and themes in areas such as social networks, television, and cinema, the strengths and weaknesses of the research were identified. The results indicate that the effects of modernity and media on the family institution in Iran have been profound and multifaceted. These value changes include the removal of traditions, weakening of kinship relations, empowerment of women, increased importance of individualism, and changes in lifestyles. These transformations represent a period of cultural and social transition, emphasizing the need to focus on the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, the identity of men and women, strengthening family cohesion and relationships, media literacy, and attention to the role and position of children and adolescents within the family.

 With the outbreak of the coronavirus, Iran's educational system, like many other countries, faced numerous challenges and opportunities. This article studies the sociological dimensions of the Corona ecosystem and its appropriate and inappropriate functions in Iran's education system.

 The research was conducted using a sequential mixed method. The statistical population included senior, middle and school-level managers, teachers, Farhangian University students and school students, with a sample size of 1229 determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The sampling method was a combination of cluster random sampling and disproportionate quota sampling. Data collection tools included participatory observation and lived experiences, as well as two researcher-made questionnaires: the first with 85 questions for managers and teachers and 65 questions for students, primarily using the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed through pre-test, face and content validity and reliability was measured by judge agreement. The research findings were analyzed through SPSS software and with descriptive and inferential statistics methods and T test, analysis of variance, Tuky LSD, ATA x2 test, Phi Grammar and Spearman correlation coefficient, TB and TC Kendall and Kruskal Wallis H test.

Ethical Considerations:

 The ethical principles, especially honesty in citing texts, maintaining the originality of the article and obtaining informed consent from participants, were observed in the preparation of this article.

 The research results indicate that the conditions of education in the Corona ecosystem can be described as a turbulent and instantaneous society, with inappropriate functions in the dimensions of education, justice and health and appropriate latent functions such as increased technological capabilities, improved communications and enhanced participation.

 The Corona ecosystem has brought significant changes to Iran's education system. These changes have created challenges in the dimensions of education, justice and health, but also provided opportunities to enhance technological capabilities, improve communications and increase participation. In the post-Corona era, to leverage these opportunities and prepare for crises, it is necessary to gradually upgrade educational technology infrastructure and develop more comprehensive programs for equitable and inclusive education.

Rivers are very sensitive to changes in discharge and sediment load as well as tectonic forces. Many of the changes that occur over time in the morphology of the channel can be related to the mentioned changes. Morphometric analysis is the first step understanding the basin dynamic activity. Combined variables and indicators can be effective in identifying the complications and surface landform of river channels and show their temporal and spatial changes. In addition, in addition, geomorphological indices (Morphotectonic indices) are considered to be very useful methods in evaluating and recognizing tectonic activities and can provide quantitative results and quantitative description of morphometric features in The basin scale can be used to explain the structural controls, geological history and geomorphology and processes of its drainage network. In addition, the morphometric parameters of the basin play an important role in the hydrological processes governing the basin because it largely determines their hydrological response.

Zanjanrud is the main river basin completely limited to the area of ​​Zanjan province. The river originates from the heights of Soltanieh in the east and flows to the northwest and finally in the west of Rajein village it joins Qizil-Uzen. Regard to the objectives of the research, first, using the DEM of the basin (ASTER-DEM: 30m), the extractable sub-basins was identified in the WMS software environment. In this step the number of 107 sub-basins could be separated, of which 52 sub-basins were selected based on the minimum area of approx. 20 Km2 for the evaluation and analysis of shape indices and tectonic. These sub-basins were named according to the outstanding settlement inside them. After determining the shape indices and estimating and comparing the state of neotectonic of the sub-basins, a field survey was conducted to closely examine and validate the findings.

At the first, the shape of the studied sub-basins was quantified using different indices. Then, the morphology of the sub-basins was evaluated using different shape indices and then the different indices were checked in terms of correlation in terms of the results related to tectonic activity. Finally, the neotectonic of the sub-basins has been estimated using the results of the shape indices and the data related to the faults. The results show that the Kazbar sub-basin is most elongated sub-basin, which together with 7 sub-basins with very high elongation rate are located in the western half of the Zanjanrud basin.The frequency of sub-basins with the shape index 2 to 3 is in the SE half of the basin. Out of the 8 sub-basins with shape index less than 2 in the eastern half of Zanjanrud basin, 1 sub-basin is located in the northern part and 7 sub-basins are located in the southern part of the basin, which can be seen in the SE half. The upstream sub-basin is not included in the classification due to the unusual shape that cannot be compared with other sub-basins.

The results of classification of the indices shows that the accumulation of sub-basins with high rate of elongation and as a result with high neotectonic activity is in the NW part of Zanjanrud basin and especially in the northern side of this part.Out of the 51 sub-basins, the concentration of 8 sub-basins with mean index of higher than 5 and a total of 16 sub-basins with an average shape index higher than 3.5, indicates the highest level of neotectonic mobility in this part of the basin. This finding is consistent withthe region's latest map of active faults, in which the frequency of faults (including the Sohrein fault, the Qaracherian fault and the Kenavand fault) is in the NW part of the basin.According to the study results of the shape of the sub-basins, the SW side of the Zanjanrud basin has an average level of neotectonic activity. This finding, along with the results related to the NW part, can strengthen the hypothesis that the western half of the basin is more active than its eastern half. The neotectonic mobility in SE side of the basin is moderate and is higher than NE part of the basin. As previous studies have shown, many faults are involved in the morphology of the region.

Social resilience, which refers to the capacity and power of community members, social groups, and communities in facing and fighting with adversities and the possibility of overcoming hardships; It is connected with other social concepts and while being affected by them and has an effect on them. By asking the question, "What role did the reduction of social resilience have in the emergence of the unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran?", the present research has investigated the role of the reduction of social resilience in the formation and occurrence of the unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research has collected relevant data using the documentary method and analyzed the collected data by adopting the case study method and in the framework of trend analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of social resilience in the formation of social unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran; the negative effect of social resilience components; As social capital, political participation, public trust, the pressure of imposed political and economic sanctions, the qualitative level of social resilience has been considered. The lack of the mentioned components, on the one hand, has reduced the quality level of social resilience and has become the basis for the creation of some of the causes of social unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic.

A theoretical study at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level on tautomerization of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-imine(3,4DHP) into 1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-amine(1,6DHP) and 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-amine(1,4DHP) was performed at 298.15K. Two mechanisms have been considered for these processes: (i) one in which the hydrogen is directly transferred, mechanisms A, through TS13 and TS24 in two different pathways, called P(a) and P(b), respectively and (ii) another one in which a double hydrogen transfer takes place via TS1133, TS1234 and TS2244 by formation of the corresponding dimer, mechanisms B. The results associated with the gas phase reveal that overcame to TS13 and TS24, need high activation free energies of 38.31, 40.29 kcal/mol, respectively as a consequence of the strain associated with the formation of the four-membered transition state, while overcame to TS1133, TS1234 and TS2244, require much lower activation free energies, 7.01, 8.19 and 8.98 kcal/mol, respectively. To investigate the effect of solvent on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the tautomeric process in p(a) and p(b) paths, Implicit, explicit, and a combination of both implicit and explicit solvation models in various media (protic and aprotic polar solvents) have been considered. The results show that the use of a protic polar solvent reduces the energy barrier of the corresponding transition states in a very significant amount.

Nowadays if essential oils can remain stable in food processing conditions, they can be used as an alternative to synthetic preservatives in food products. In this research, in addition to investigating the compounds of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the antimicrobial properties of two essential oils before and after heat treatment (200 °C; 10 min) against Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the thermal process did not significantly affect the main compounds of the essential oils. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were the main constituents of cinnamon essential oil, while phenolic compounds (thymol and carvacrol) made up 61.5% of Z. multiflora essential oil. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Z. multiflora and cinnamon essential oils against Aspergillus niger were 250 and 4000 µL/mL, respectively, while the minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were 250 and 16,000 µL/mL, respectively. Against Bucillus subtilis, the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values were 7.8 and 15.6 µL/mL for Z. multiflora, and 16,000 and 32,000 µL/mL for cinnamon, respectively. The inhibition zones of heated Z. multiflora and cinnamon essential oils were 20.5 and 16.05 mm against A. niger and 29.00 and 17.00 mm against B. subtilis, respectively. In general, the results demonstrated that the thermal process did not significantly affect the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils, meaning that they are suitable for use as antimicrobial agents in products that undergo thermal processing.

The aim of this study is to synthesize and investigate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of polylactic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the extract of Anbernesara smoke. For this purpose, Anbernesara smoke was extracted and encapsulated by PLGA nanoparticles using the W1/O/W2 method and characterized by DLS, zeta potential, FESEM and FTIR electron microscope techniques. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized nanoparticles using ABTS and FRAP tests, as well as measuring the expression levels of the antioxidant genes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL- 10) was also analyzed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of nanoparticles by Real time PCR test. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated on two bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 51.2 nm, dispersion index of 0.22, surface’s charge of -35.37 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 74%. The antioxidant properties of synthesized PLGA nanoparticles were confirmed by reducing Fe+3, inhibiting the formation of free radicals and increasing the expression level of CAT and SOD genes. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 genes were also increased under the influence of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke, indicating the anti-inflammatory properties of the proposed nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke had an antibacterial effect on B. subtilis, but not on E. coli. The PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and can be considered as a combination with antibacterial potential.
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The geomorphology of the Zanjanroud basin is affected by the active tectonic zones resulting from the interaction of the Soltanieh, Zanjan, Tarem, and Manjil faults and the faults that have been investigated more closely in this research. The interaction of these faults has made this basin in the form of a small high plateau, heterogeneous compared to the surrounding areas and a suitable place for the establishment of human settlements. In this research, remote sensing and geomorphometric techniques have been used to identify the lineaments and tectonic evidence in order to discover the tectonic effect on the geomorphology of the basin. The contour lines have been converted into a map after checking with the help of telemetry, geomorphometry and field techniques. Then, by analyzing and interpreting the evidence, the relationship between the dynamic pattern of the faults and its effects on the morphology of different landforms is presented with an emphasis on the interactive reconstruction of drainage networks and faults. The results show that the active tectonics of the faults are concentrated towards the centre of the basin and Zanjanroud area. On the other hand, the compliance of the morphology and topographical trends of the basin, as well as the Zanjan River canal and many drainages with the extraction lines with the help of geomorphometric techniques, clearly shows the effectiveness of geomorphometry to evaluate and prove the impact of terraforming on the geomorphology of the basins. Although no destructive earthquake has been reported in the region, But the presence of morphological evidence and the interruption of Quaternary to Holocene deposits indicate the active deformation of the region. Therefore, it seems that the fault systems of the basin have the potential to create earthquakes with a much higher magnitude than what has happened so far, which indicates the necessity of planning based on a detailed study of the faults in the region.

The essential oils usually have a good effect against undesirable microorganisms; therefore, they can be utilized as natural antimicrobial agents in food or their packaging. In this research, the antimicrobial attributes of two essential oils (Oliveria decumbens and Pistacia atlantica gum), have been investigated before and after thermal process (200°C - 10 minutes) against bacterial and mold spoilage in bread. Also, the compounds of essential oils were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds of the essential oil of O. decumbens were carvacrol, thymol, and elemicin before and after thermal treatment. In the case of P. atlantica gum, only one prominent peak was observed in the chromatogram, which was related to the α-pinene. For both essential oils, the MIC and MFC against Aspergillus niger were 4000 and 8000 μL/ml, respectively. In comparison, the antimicrobial effect of both essential oils against Bacillus subtilis was higher than the mold. The amount of MIC and MBC were 125 and 250 μL/ml for Oliveria decumbens and 62.5 and 125 μL/ml for Pistacia atlantica gum, respectively. The results showed that these two essential oils have a promising effect against the main microorganisms of bread spoilage. The thermal process did not significantly affect the antimicrobial activity of Pistacia atlantica gum essential oil against A. niger but significantly decreased the antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, while in the case of antimicrobial activity of Oliveria decumbens essential oil, the results were the opposite. Considering the fact that the most spoilage agents of the bread are molds so the use of Pistacia atlantica gum essential oil is recommended as natural preservatives in products that tolerate high heat treatment, such as bread and bakery products.

Iranian nursing researchers considered the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate educational programs. The present review study was conducted to determine the possibility of a systematic review and summarize the results on the Kirkpatrick model in Iranian nursing studies.

The present scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey & O'Malley framework. For this purpose, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, and Google Scholar search engine were searched with keywords "Kirkpatrick,” "Nursing,” and "Iran" and their Persian equivalents, without time limit. The final studies were selected based on the PRISMA framework. The information from included articles was extracted. In the last stage, the advice of four medical education and nursing experts were applied.

Finally, 16 articles were included in this review. A total of five and 11 studies had quasi-experimental and observational designs, respectively. The Kirkpatrick model’s initial two stages were applied in the six studies. In addition, other studies used four levels of the model to evaluate educational programs. A systematic review study was not observed in the process of search. The six studies focused on the evaluation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses.

The current studies had weaknesses in using the evaluation model, such as the incompleteness of the evaluation steps. Future studies should focus on measuring all levels of the model. Further, the evaluation of educational interventions on patients based on the Kirkpatrick model should be considered. According to the available evidence, conducting a systematic review is impossible.

In Iran, with the advancement of technology and the development of registration statistics, the need to use data mining methods has attracted more attention from researchers. Regression and classification tree is one of the important methods in Big data modeling, which has attracted the attention of many researchers for community control and prediction. The purpose of this study is to determine the influencing variables on the occurrence of complications caused by diabetes.

This paper is a cross sectional-analytical study. In this research, all diabetic patients covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2017 were extracted from the SINA system. The number of diabetics with complications was 5016 and diabetics without complications were 53613. The method of fitting the regression tree model and classification and measurement criteria of the model is the coefficient of determination and the area of the Rock curve and the Lift diagram.

The rock curve for the fitted tree model is 73.8%, which shows the relatively high power of the model. Based on the Lift chart, the decision-making power of diabetes complications increases 3.5 times for the person who comes to visit.

The results of the regression model and tree classification showed that, in descending order, age, risk assessment factor, FBS, HbA1C, total activity time, cholesterol, FBS and HDL, cardiovascular disease, history of stroke, blood pressure, cholesterol Statin prescription, job with hard physical activity, living area, consumed oil, walking, consumption of vegetables and gender are more effective than other factors in the occurrence of diabetes complications.

Content analysis (CA) is a widely used to extract the meanings in qualitative studies. Different approaches and methods have been used to perform CA in nursing studies, and their identification can support the selection of an appropriate method in future research. Therefore, the present narrative review examined the approaches and methods used to analyze contents performed by Iranian nurses.

The current study is a narrative review that was conducted in the two stages. In the first stage, in order to achieve the types and frequency of CA approaches and methods, Persian and English databases were searched without time limit until January 2022. In the second step, after identifying them, by referring to the texts where each of the approaches and methods were comprehensively explained, we determined their characteristics, including the number of steps and the details of each one.

The results showed the most used CA approach was the inductive of Granheim and Lundman (135 articles, 43.97%). There were also studies (111 articles, 36.16%) used the inductive approach; But they did not mention their method. Myring's method had the most variety in terms of different (nine) CA. Hsieh and Shannon have also proposed three inductive, deductive, and summative approaches to perform the CA.

The results found both the inductive and deductive approaches and the eight different methods were used by the Iranian nurse researchers for CA. Although the methods such as Graneheim and Lundman, Elo and Kyngas and Hsieh and Shannon have been most used by the researchers, it seems Myring's method can pay more attention from researchers due to the variety of CA.

Care is a complex and subjective concept, and most nursing theorists consider it the most important action of nurses in dealing with patients. However, inaccuracy in providing comprehensive care by the medical staff has caused disintegration of care and thus the concept of fragmented care (FC) is formed. Although this concept is often used by researchers, its dimensions have not been fully identified. The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of FC.

Concept Analysis of FC based on the Walker and Avant's method (2019) was carried out in eight steps by searching and analyzing studies from reliable information databases such as Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar search engine. We used the keywords: Fragmentation, Fragmented, and Care without time limit until May 2022. Finally, 26 articles related to the concept were analyzed.

FC had different dimensions. Lack of coordination, planning, teamwork, and holistic view were the most important dimensions. This type of care can occur at different relationship levels of nurse-patient, both within and between wards and different medical centers.

The present study identified different dimensions of the concept of FC. Future studies can use the results of this study to develop a scale as well as to design interventions effective in reducing its incidence.