حجت مهکویی

The main goal of this research is to develop event-based scenarios in the Isfahan metropolis, and the secondary goals include identifying the most important factors affecting the development of event-based development in the Isfahan metropolis, estimating the degree of influence and impact of key drivers in developing scenarios regarding the future status of event-based development in the Isfahan metropolis.

This qualitative research was carried out in 2024 in the metropolis of Isfahan. In order to identify drivers using targeted non-random sampling, the opinions of 10 urban planning experts and specialists were taken and analyzed in Mic Mac software. In order to compile the scenarios facing the metropolis of Isfahan in the event-oriented field, the opinions of 10 experts in foresight were used to score the matrix of the states facing the descriptors.

The key factors influencing the event orientation of Isfahan city included 13 factors: environmental quality, open spaces, public parking, number of parks, permeability, number of historical sites, shopping centers, number of religious centers, area of ​​passages, number of restaurants, street pattern, visual appeal, and number of hotels. Of the four possible scenarios, the first and second scenarios were favorable and ideal conditions (leading scenario), scenario 3 was a relatively favorable scenario and had an intermediate state, and the fourth scenario showed a critical and unfavorable situation for the future of Isfahan's event-oriented situation. Among these, environmental quality and open spaces factors had the most impact, indicating the importance of these factors in the event management of Isfahan city in order to increase the probability of the first scenario occurring and avoid the fourth scenario.

The factors "environmental quality" and "open spaces" have the highest level of influence, and the factors "permeability", "street pattern" and "natural surveillance" have the highest influence on other indicators, and the distribution and dispersion of the indicators in the direct effect matrix diagram indicates the instability of the system.

One of the most important challenges for managers is to provide stable water resources in acute conditions such as drought crises, which can affect the quality and quantity of living conditions. Inadequacy in water supply to agriculture on one hand and the weakness of water supply systems in industries and fisheries on the other hand has become one of the challenging factors. Therefore, one of the solutions chosen by managers for water supply is to transfer water from one basin to another. The water transfer plan from Behesht Abad is one of the water transfer plans that has been researched in this article. The purpose of this research is to analyze the challenges of inter-basin water transfer and its role on social and economic security in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. Data collected based on the opinions of a sample size of 70 people who with on t-test, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis of structural equations in spss22 and Smart PLs software. The findings of the research show that the water transfer plan from the source of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari to the destination of Isfahan has not only led to a decrease in water supply for animal husbandry, agriculture and drinking, but has also caused a general displacement of nomadic life due to the severe reduction of water and consequently It has followed large-scale migrations of citizens of this region.

In the contemporary age, diplomatic diplomacy and the geoeconomic approach enjoy a special role and importance in increasing national authority and upgrading Iran's position in regional and international economic and political equations. There is a deep and unbreakable relationship between economic diplomacy, economic development, and globalization. Accordingly, Iran's foreign policy requires adoption of a suitable approach suitable for the geoeconomic approach and for new conditions and developments in the age of ever increasing economic globalization. As Iran's most important geoeconomic capacities, the energy resources and reserves are of particular importance today in the age of economic globalization. The main purpose of this research is to answer the question "What change in approach is required to take advantage of Iran's geoeconomic position on the geoenergetic axis by the end of the first half of the 21st century?" Therefore, the research hypothesis is "A change of approach and the transition from traditional diplomacy to economic diplomacy are needed for utilization of Iran's geoeconomic position based on tapping geoenergics by the end of 2050. This is an applied study in terms of its purpose and a descriptive-analytical one with respect to its nature. SPSS, T-Test, and multivariate regression were used to analyze the 34 questionnaires completed by professors and experts on the subject of the research. Considering Iran's rare geoenergy position and capacities on the one hand, and the trend of transitioning from fossil fuels to clean and renewable sources of energy by the end of 2050 on the other hand, the inferential results and findings of this study indicate the need for a change of approach from traditional diplomacy to economic diplomacy.

In the current era, human society is increasingly witnessing the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. An issue that has led to a paradigm shift in energy systems around the world towards clean energy and investment in electricity generation systems based on renewable energy. Therefore, the transition process from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources will be one of the most important political and economic challenges of the country until the end of the first half of the 21st century. An issue that requires the adoption of a geoeconomics approach and the use of an active and intelligent economic diplomacy in order to overcome this challenge. The main problem of the research is, how is the importance and necessity of changing Iran's economic diplomacy in order to take advantage of the country's geoeconomics position with a geoenergics focus, until the end of the first half of the 21st century? Based on this, the hypothesis of the research is: "It is important and necessary to change Iran's economic diplomacy to geoenergics-based diplomacy until the end of the first half of the 21st century". In this regard, 34 questionnaires were completed by professors and experts related to the subject, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software, T-test and multivariate regression. The results and inferential findings of the research, considering the unique position and capacities of oil and gas and the potentials related to renewable energies of Iran on the one hand, and the transition process from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources on the other hand, indicate the fact that, Changing Iran's economic diplomacy in order to take advantage of the country's geoenergics situation and capacities, especially renewable energies, is no longer a choice but a necessity.

Country divisions are one of the solutions that countries follow for territorial development so that they can put the place of residence of citizens at a suitable level for living. Several factors play a role in country divisions, factors such as scientific and legal indicators, form of government and type of political regime, geography of power and support, ecological minorities, strategic environment and surrounding spaces of the country, etc. Iran is one of the countries with a historical history of having a system of country divisions, and the divisions of the country face problems. Kermanshah province is one of the border provinces that is associated with deprivation and lack of development. As one of the western provinces of the country, in line with the country division system, this province has 14 cities, 31 urban centers, 86 villages and 2,793 inhabited villages. The main goal of this article is to analyze the state of the national division system on the development of Kermanshah province. To investigate this goal, the main question raised is, what was the status of the country's division system on the level of development of Kermanshah province? In response to this question, the descriptive-analytical method has been used using library resources and internet sites. The results of research findings show that due to the formation of the first urban phenomenon for the city of Kermanshah, lack of attention to the existing cultural-religious structure in the province and lack of attention to environmental potentials, for example in the field of agriculture, the current country divisions in Kermanshah province are ineffective and It has not had a favorable effect on the development process in this province.

Over the past few decades, the metropolis of Isfahan has accelerated the process of unsustainable development with its excessive physical development, industrial development, service costs, air pollution, marginalization, etc., which requires attention to development indicators and trends. It requires the axis in the field of sustainability. Prosperity has indicators that affect social stability as one of the pillars of sustainable development. This research has analyzed the components of urban prosperity in the metropolis of Isfahan by using the cross-effects analysis technique as well as MicMac and Scenario Wizard software. The results of Mik Mak show that the metropolis of Isfahan has an unstable system. Finally, 14 key factors were selected and 42 different possible situations were considered on the key factors in the Scenario Wizard software. The results show that 3 scenarios are more likely to occur in the future development of Isfahan. Among these 3 scenarios, the first scenario contains ideal conditions, scenario number 2, a relatively favorable scenario, and scenario number 3, a critical and unfavorable situation. Among these, the poverty rate had the greatest effect, which shows the importance of this factor in the prosperity of Isfahan.

The coronavirus outbreak in 2019 gradually spread across the globe, creating numerous problems in various aspects of individuals' personal and social lives. The unknown nature of the virus posed significant challenges for decision-makers in confronting it, making crisis management in cities more difficult. This pandemic's consequences have led to imposing restrictions on social, economic, and environmental sectors. Key factors significantly impact the resilience of cities against the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as urban growth patterns, economic dimensions, accessibility to services, and the urban environment are the main indicators of urban sustainability. By adopting smart urban growth as a growth model for post-pandemic cities, cities can be made more resilient against disasters like pandemics. This study aims to propose an appropriate spatial planning model for the city of Isfahan in the post-COVID-19 era, focusing on urban sustainability. It seeks to identify a suitable spatial planning model for Isfahan by analyzing urban planning patterns, urbanization, and urban sustainability. A quantitative analysis method was used to evaluate the data, with data collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS and AMOS software. Subsequently, the MICMAC software was used to identify the interrelationships between the influential factors in the study. The findings indicate that out of the 27 variables examined in this study, nine variables have been identified as the driving forces for determining the appropriate spatial planning model for the city. These driving forces include neighborhood-level planning, integrated management, law formation, neighborhood empowerment, citizen participation in local affairs, local institutions, the role of local governance, urban space polarization, and inequality in the quality of life, which collectively form a suitable model for spatial planning aimed at ensuring the sustainability of Isfahan.

The aim of this study is to examine the security implications of population dispersion patterns in the geographical space of Hormozgan province. This research is based on applied purpose and on descriptive-analytical research method the study area is the cities of Hormozgan province with the center of Bandar Abbas. In order to examine the pattern of population dispersion in geographical spaces and its impact on the national security of Hormozgan province, the municipalities of the province( including: Bandar Abbas, bashagir, Jask, Minab, Rudan, Sirik, Hajiabad, Khmer, bastak, Qeshm, bandarlanga, Parsian and Abu Musa) were selected. The results of the study of Human Factors and their role in population dispersion, along with their defense and security implications, showed that in terms of Economy, especially along rivers, wells, plays an important role in the concentration of villages or their dispersion. Therefore, reducing the density or dispersion of villages and cities in the east of the province due to geological reasons, lack of communication roads, distance from the East and the center of the province, difficult environmental conditions can have a negative impact on defense and security in these areas. But in some cases, such as the cities of Rudan and Minab, due to water resources, adequate agriculture, various services and industries, and powerful police units play an important role in population density, which plays an effective role in the defense and security of the region. In general, there is a meaningful relationship between security and population components based on regression outcomes.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the environmental security consequences of the water crisis in the watersheds of western Fars province. The current research seeks to answer the question, what are the consequences of the environmental security of the water crisis in the watersheds of western Fars province? Therefore, in terms of the applied-developmental goal and in terms of the type of research method, it is quantitative with a descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of this research was 138 experts and elite people in the field of political geography and water resources management in Fars province, and the sample size was 102 people using Morgan's table. The data collected based on the exploratory factor analysis test was analyzed in spss software. The results showed that the most important environmental security consequences of the water crisis in the catchment basins of the west of Fars province were categorized into 4 factors of animal-plant environment, natural environment, climate and human environment respectively, and the most important consequences include (Changing the path of wildlife migrations, loss of plant species, reduction of aquatic breeding in the watershed, loss of animal species), from the animal-plant environmental factor, (water salinity, water source pollution, soil salinization) , drying up of wells and canals), from the natural environment index, (increase in desert areas, increase in temperature, increase in strong and hot winds and regional climate change), from the climate index, and (loss of infrastructure and houses) And the destruction of villages is an indicator of the human environment.

As a branch of postmodern geopolitics, geoenergics has a special place in the economic growth and development of countries today and in the early decades of the 21st century. in the last three decades after the end of the Cold War, despite the geoeconomics and geoenergics privileged position, our country has not reached a position commensurate with the capacities and potentials of its geographical economy. . The main problem of the research is, how is the role and importance of natural gas in global energy trade and Iran's geoenergics, in the period of energy transition and until the end of the first half of the 21st century at the regional and global levels? The research method is based on the purpose of the applied type and based on the nature of the descriptive and analytical type. The results and findings of the research show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of natural gas in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique geoenergics capacities of Iran for the production and export of natural gas on the other hand, the development of production and export infrastructure Natural gas can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies.

In the 21st century, the world is witnessing rapid and unprecedented changes in the environmental geopolitical field. Environmental challenges play an important role in human security. One of the challenges that arise is in the field of water and water crisis. Water security in Gilan province has faced many challenges in recent years in connection with environmental geopolitical components and affected by many factors. The current research was carried out with the aim of explaining environmental geopolitical challenges in Gilan province with an emphasis on water security. By using the descriptive-analytical method, relying on library studies and surveys, the authors aim to evaluate the research hypothesis and by setting up a questionnaire and distributing it among the statistical community of the research, including elites and students of political science, political geography and environment. The life of Gilan province and the analysis of the collected data using spss software have taken steps towards achieving the goals of the research. The results show that the significance value of the variable t-test is equal to 0.000 and less than the standard level of 0.05, hence the hypothesis of the research which is "Environmental geopolitical challenges in Gilan province lead to the intensification of socio-economic consequences caused by The water crisis is confirmed. The findings of the Friedman test in the form of extracting averages and ranking the items show the challenges of waste and garbage crisis, land use change, establishment of scattered, heterogeneous and incompatible industries with environmental protection, indiscriminate harvesting of rivers, Destruction of agricultural lands and natural resources, pollution of surface water, unsustainable natural tourism in the province, deforestation, non-compliance with water consumption pattern and excessive use of underground water tables more than other issues lead to the intensification of socio-economic consequences caused by the crisis. water in Gilan province.

Despite having the second place in the world in terms of natural gas reserves, Iran has practically not played an active and influential role in world trade and the export of natural gas and liquefied gas, and despite its privileged geo-economic and geo-energetic position, it has reached a position that is commensurate with the capacities and potentials of its geographic economy. It has not been found. The main problem of the research is, how is the role and importance of liquefied gas in the global gas trade and geopolitics of energy, during the next decades at the regional and global levels? The main goal of this research is to analyze the increasing role and importance of liquefied gas in the global gas trade. and the geopolitics of energy, at the regional and global levels, in the coming decades. The research method is a cross-sectional survey method, which is based on the objective of the applied type and based on the nature of the descriptive and analytical type. The studied community, professors and experts in the subject field The study has a sample size of 34 people and a questionnaire has been used to measure the formation of research variables. Library findings and the results of the research questionnaire, using the software Spsand the test and multivariate regression has been analyzed.The results and inferential findings of the research show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of liquefied gas in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique capacities of Iran for the production and export of liquefied gas on the other hand, the development of production infrastructures And the export of liquefied gas can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. Although oil and gas will not completely disappear in the coming decades, hydrocarbons will gradually and increasingly give way to renewable energies. This transfer of energy from fossil energy to renewable energy can turn the rich oil and gas reserves of countries like Iran into stray capitals in the not too distant future. Among fossil fuels, liquefied gas or LNG has characteristics that can play an important and effective role in meeting the needs of human societies during the transition from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources. The capabilities of storage, long-haul transportation by ship, re-export and re-gasification make LPG a flexible and attractive resource in the energy transfer process. The results and inferential findings show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of LNG in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique capacities of Iran for the production and export of liquefied gas on the other hand, the development of infrastructures The production and export of LNG can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. In short, production and export liquid gas In the process of transition from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources and in the transition period, it has valuable results, the most important of which are:1.The current situation of the world trade in liquefied natural gas does not correspond with Iran's share of the world's gas reserves. A look at the global LNG trade shows that Iran practically has no place in the regional and global trade of liquefied gas. Iran, as the second country in the world in terms of huge reserves of natural gas, especially in the oil and gas fields of the Persian Gulf, If properly planned and appropriate economic diplomacy is adopted, it can well become one of the most important countries in the world in the world trade of liquefied gas. 2.Contrary to geopolitical restrictions and issues related to natural gas export pipelines, Iran's possession of long coastlines in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ​​Oman on the one hand, and the ability of LNG to be transported through large ocean-going ships, can make Iran in line with To connect the export of liquefied gas to all world markets. 3.The advantages of liquid gas as a relatively "flexible" fuel, with the ability to store, regasify, load and re-export, and the possibility of using LNG terminals to store, transfer and export liquid hydrogen, ammonia, etc. The future makes LNG a superior "transition" fuel. 4.The capabilities of LNG as a relatively "flexible" fuel with less emissions can reduce energy transmission costs and energy security risks in many countries of the world, especially less developed countries, in the process of transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energies. and renewables, and help boost the liquefied gas business globally. Production and export planning liquid gas, Parallel Applying an active and intelligent economic diplomacy at the regional and global levels will bring very valuable results in the direction of securing national interests, attracting foreign exchange resources, increasing government revenues and economic development of the country along with will have.

Water is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of water resources and its transmission. These mentioned factors will show the importance of the water sector and economic and social security at the national level. One of the inter-basin water transfer projects that is being studied and implemented is the transfer of water from Beheshtabad to Zayandehroud. Beheshtabad project is the name used to transfer water from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces to Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman provinces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of inter-basin water transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which has been collected using descriptive-analytical research method and using library resources and internet sites. The results of the findings show that most experts believe that the implementation of this plan has negative consequences on the provinces of origin in particular and on national security in general. Political activism, security challenges (ethnic conflicts), social, economic and environmental tensions resulting from not studying and incorrect feasibility of the plan are among the issues that make the justification of its implementation appear unjustified.

Water is an important source of life for humans and animals. Without water, it can be acknowledged that life and the environment will disappear. Iran has been mentioned as one of the countries that has faced the problem of water shortage; And if important policies in the field of water management are not adopted, the water shortage crisis will face local and national security with fundamental challenges. Kerman, as one of the central provinces of Iran, has been raised with the issue of water scarcity and water security. The main goal of this article is to identify and analyze the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province. The research method used is descriptive-analytical, with library resources and internet sites, to the main question, what are the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province? answers. The results obtained from the research findings show that policies such as transferring water between basins (Beheshtabad and Safaroud) are not very suitable, but management models such as economic efficiency, virtual water, etc. are more effective, and the use of virtual water Among these models, it can be the best solution.

Administrative division is one of the important strategy of governments for the political organization of a country. Administrative divisions and decentralization are vital for spatial organization, regional development and balance in Iran. Given the territorial expanse and the territorial model of the country's administration, which is of a simple type, the country's administrative division is influenced by the directives and plans communicated by the capital. A historical survey of the country's provinces shows that after the Islamic Revolution, some new provinces have emerged , but in terms of quality, no proper and desirable development trend has been in place. Kermanshah province, as one of the western provinces of Iran, consists of 14 cities, 31 urban centers, 86 rural areas and 2,793 villages in administrative division of Iran . The primary goal of this paper is to identify the most influential parameters among the four political, geographical, economic and social factors underlining the efficiency of the national administrative division in Kermanshah province. The main question raised here is “Which of the four political, geographical, economic and social factors underlining the efficiency of the national administrative division in Kermanshah province wields the greatest impact?” Therefore, using a quantitative method, this descriptive-analytical research was conducted. Also, data analysis was carried out using factor analysis and one-sample T-test. The sample size consisted of 95 experts and specialists in the field of administrative divisions in the governorate of Kermanshah province . The findings suggest that among the four factors investigated in this article, economic factors have wielded greatest negative impact on the efficiency of the national administrative division in Kermanshah province.

One of the challenges that the governments are facing is separatism within the territories; Such challenges have always existed throughout history with the formation of governments. The geometric shape and territorial size of countries is one of the factors that influence the formation of autonomy and separatist tensions. In this article, the main goal is to investigate the role of the geometric shape of the land and the size of the countries in creating separatist challenges. To answer this question, the descriptive-analytical method has been used using library resources and internet sites. The results of the findings of the article show that the territorial geometry and size of countries do not play a big role in separatism. According to the examination of multiple samples from countries with different geometric shapes such as Indonesia (fragmented), Spain (compact), Belgium (compact), China (compact and fragmented) and ... It can be seen that what is the main factor in separatism is the way of ruling in the land by the ruling governments that do not pay attention to the ethnic-cultural demands and fair distribution of resources and facilities among all the people living in the land. If this lack of attention is combined with a large territory, governments will face more and more serious challenges.

Water, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at regional and international levels show the important role of water. The tensions caused by the lack of water in the central regions of Iran, such as Isfahan and Kerman, in recent years, indicate the insecurity and sense of danger for the water resources of these provinces. Kerman province, with an area of over 180,000 square kilometers, is the largest province in the south of the country. With an average annual rainfall of 129 mm, this province is considered one of the dry regions in the country. The main goal of this article is to Investigating the water security situation in Kerman province. The main question raised is what is the water security situation in Kerman province? The hypothesis that is raised in response to this question is that water security in Kerman province is not in a good condition. This article has been done using the field method (questionnaire) and descriptive-analytical approach. The sample size was 384 people, which was obtained using Cochran's formula. The results of the findings show that according to the water transfer plans and water management patterns planned to improve the water resources situation in Kerman province, water security in this province is not in a good condition.

Focuses on the impact of neighborhood and tribalism is one of the prospecting on election geography that explores how geographic contexts and circumstances affect the voter behavior. Based on this presumption that people in a residential area are largely similar to one another in terms of characteristics and social, economic, and cultural identities, they vote for the persons or the movements that suppose they have also the same feeling. The election of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the provinces of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad clearly demonstrates this. In such a way, by hosting multiple election cycles in this area, the neighborhood, particularly its central clan dimension, has had a tremendous impact on the election results. The question that this study tries to answer is what impact did the neighborhood have on the Kohgiluyeh, Cheram, Bahmai, and Landeh constituencies in the 11th election of the Islamic Consultative Assembly? According to the library studies and field findings (observation and interview) in the aforementioned electoral area, there is a direct correlation between the impact of neighborhood and tribalism and the voting rate of candidates. Therefore, based on the data and statistical information that make up the candidates' ballot boxes, the majority of the candidates’ votes are in the territory of their tribe and their neighborhood. This study followed a descriptive-analytical research method. The data gathering method for this study was a documentary and field, and GIS and Excel software was used to analyze data. It was determined that neighborhood and tribal tendencies played a clear and significant role in the election of the aforementioned constituency, and each city in this constituency has been affected by the neighborhood and hometown effect proportionately to its population. The most and the least neighborhood and clan characteristics have been used in the populated cities (Kohgiluyeh and Behmai) and the sparsely populated cities (Landeh and Cheram), respectively, to support the candidate of the territory.

Water, as an element that plays an important and main role in human life, has become one of the most challenging issues in the current era. Almost most of the governments pay attention to the state of water resources of their land and look for solutions for the proper and better use of water resources by the people so that they cannot face the crisis of water shortage and reduction of water resources. while 31 countries in the world are currently facing water scarcity, and by 2025, another 17 countries will. They will also join this group due to the increase in population. One of the countries that has faced the challenge of reducing water scarcity is Iran. In the meantime, some provinces have faced the challenge of water shortage earlier than other provinces. Kerman province is one of the provinces where, due to the role of the agricultural sector in the employment and economic income of its people, the problem of water shortage and drought is evident in it. The main goal of this article is to analyze the effective solutions to reduce water shortage in Kerman province. Based on this, the main question raised is which solution is better and more effective to deal with water shortage in Kerman province? To answer this question, the descriptive-analytical research method and the tools of library collection and internet sites have been used and the research findings have been obtained. The results of the research show that Kerman province has water shortage challenges and water resource management models can be better and more efficient in solving water shortage problems and reducing water resources than water transfer projects (Beheshtabad and Safaroud).

One of the issues that is a major concern for countries in governance in this century, also called the third millennium, is the discussion of democracy. Today, democracy is recognized as one of the ways of government, which has a great ability to meet the demands of segments and groups living in a territorial territory. In Gulf countries with huge oil and gas energy reserves, the process of establishing democracy has been influenced by oil rents and the economy of oil sales. These countries are mainly referred to as rentier states. This article examines the effects of oil rents on the process of democracy and its establishment in the Persian Gulf countries in a descriptive - analytical way and using library resources and internet resources. The results show that in the Gulf countries, which are rich in oil and gas sales and huge reserves of this type of energy, the money from the sale of these resources has challenged the process and the establishment of democracy.

Today, energy is considered as one of the most important geopolitical variables in the international system. Energy as the cornerstone of the survival and development of societies in the 21st century with the ever-increasing growth of the world's population, South Asian countries are facing an energy shortage due to the rapidly increasing demand for fossil fuels. Due to the economic and political effects caused by such a shortage, improving the supply of fossil energy is one of the important priorities of regional governments. In this article, the main goal is to examine the role of natural gas export on the development of Iran's regional relations in South Asia. Therefore, the main question raised is what is the role of natural gas export in the development of Iran's regional relations with South Asia? Therefore, with the qualitative method and the nature of the descriptive-analytical method and with the use of library collection tools, as well as with the method of interviewing 15 experts related to the subject, which was done in an estimated and available method with theoretical saturation, the results have been obtained. The results of the research findings show that Iran has not been able to establish strong regional relations with this region due to its favorable geo-economic position, having natural gas resources and the need of South Asian countries for these resources.

A study of political participation of any society makes the political behavior of its people known while specifying not only the ways the political participation of citizens changes in different social contexts but also the factors influence it. This research tries to answer the following question: which spatial pattern does the relationship between political participation and political socialization as well as social capital follow in cities of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol? Considering the main indicators and components affecting political participation, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 870 citizens of these two cities. The independent variables in this research are political socialization and social capital, and the dependent variable is political participation. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The precision in the amount of high political participation among citizens indicates that as political socialization and social capital increase, the low political participation of citizens decreases while high participation of citizens illustrates an increasing trend and political sociability from 7.2 to 26.9 and social capital from 13.4% at the minimum to 23% at the maximum. The findings of research show that there is a meaningful and confirmed correlation between the variables of social capital and political participation, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, (r=0.195 and sig=0.000) as well as between political socialization and political participation, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.344 and sig=0.000). A comparative study of research findings regarding cities of Kashan as well as Aran and Bidgol depicts that the citizens of Aran and Bidgol have higher political participation.

The legitimacy of political systems relies heavily on citizen participation, with elections serving as a crucial means of achieving political involvement and promoting democracy. Political participation is deeply intertwined with key issues in political science and sociology, including parties, pressure groups, the relationship between citizens and government, civil society, demographic characteristics, and more. Despite the abundance of texts and articles on political-electoral participation and its underlying causes and motivations, no comprehensive view has yet been taken on this topic. This research employs a mixed approach to provide a broad and inclusive perspective, identifying the key indicators and components that impact participation in elections. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the factors which affect political participation in Iran. After reviewing 228 articles, 126 effective factors were identified, which were classified into 10 general categories.

A subfield of political geography is election geography, which investigates issues of election geography, including the spatial layout of elections, the diversity of spatial voting patterns, and the impact of spatial and geographical factors on electors' decisions. The neighborhood voting pattern is one of the diverse voting patterns that voters typically use to express their preferences for various candidates in accordance with their needs, convictions, and way of life. In accordance with this model, voters from a community who inhabit in a particular geographic location, such as a neighborhood, village, city, or province, identify with candidates who were born or now reside there and believe that the candidate from that particular area of their hometown, more aware of their challenges and issues then they support him more. This study aims to examine how neighborhood and tribe tendencies varied in the 11th Islamic Consultative Assembly term in the Boyer Ahmad Dana and Margun constituencies. GIS and EXCEL software were employed in the descriptive and analytical study method to better represent the problem. The research's conclusions lead to the neighborhood variable, hometown tendencies, and tribal tendencies are the most significant influencing factors on the voting pattern of the electoral candidates of the aforementioned constituency. On the other hand, it was discovered that the impact of the neighborhood is greater in some cities and districts (Boyrahmad and Dana) and less in some locations and spaces by examining the quantity and intensity of neighborhoods among clans and ethnic groups residing in the cities of the said constituency (Margun). These differences are brought about by how many people live in the cities indicated.

Due to its unique location and importance, Aras Free Zone has several aspects, including the natural environment, population, higher education, added value in various sectors, investments, and customs. Based on these capacities, it serves as the center and beating heart of Azerbaijan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the geo-economics of the South Caucasus region in terms of tourism using the SWOT model. This descriptive-survey research has an applied nature and is cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population consists of experts and specialists in tourism and political geography related to the issues of the Aras Free Zone and the South Caucasus. Fifty individuals were selected in a targeted manner for this study. The SWOT method was used for analysis during the year 1400. Results showed that one of the weaknesses of the study is the strained political relations between Iran and Azerbaijan in the region. On the other hand, the communication role of the South Caucasus region between Iran and various European countries is a significant geo-economic advantage, making it a critical communication and transit bridge between Iran and Europe. The possibility of establishing a communication route between the eastern and western seas presents both a threat factor and an opportunity for its communication role between Iran and various European countries. Keywords: Aras Free Zone, South Caucasus, Geo-economic Situation, SWOT Model.