حسن امیری

Neglect primarily affects the right posterior parietal cortex, particularly the inferior parietal lobe, or the temporoparietal junction. Research indicates that patients with parietal lobe lesions, especially in the right hemisphere, exhibit impairments in sound localization.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on auditory attention in stroke patients with unilateral spatial visual neglect.

This experimental study included both an experimental group and a sham group. A total of 60 stroke patients with unilateral visuospatial neglect, who were referred to Tabsom Clinic in Tehran, were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: 30 patients in the experimental group receiving rTMS and 30 patients in the sham group. The intervention consisted of inhibitory rTMS administered at a frequency of 0.9 Hz for 15 sessions, three times per week, with each session lasting 15 minutes. In the sham group, the rTMS device was deactivated after 30 seconds; however, participants remained unaware of this and believed they were receiving active rTMS treatment.

The findings indicated a significant difference between the two groups in auditory selective attention and auditory response control. Bonferroni's post-hoc test revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of auditory selective attention and auditory response control in the rTMS group (P≤ 0.05).

The results demonstrated a significant improvement in selective auditory attention and auditory response control in the rTMS group. This finding suggests that rTMS may be an effective intervention for enhancing auditory attention in individuals with unilateral visuospatial neglect.

Stroke survivors with right hemisphere damage exhibit specific working memory deficits, often manifested as difficulty recognizing visual targets during monitoring.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on working memory in stroke patients with
hemineglect.

This experimental study involved 60 stroke patients with hemiplegia, who were randomly divided into two groups: 30 in the rTMS (experimental) group and 30 in the sham group. Both groups received treatment with rTMS at 0.9 frequency, three times a week for 10 minutes over 15 sessions. In the sham group, the rTMS device was turned off after 30 seconds, leading participants to believe they were receiving real treatment.

The results indicated a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test working memory components for both the experimental and sham groups (P≥0.05). Additionally, the post-test comparisons revealed significant differences between the experimental and sham groups in terms of correct answers, unanswered cases, and response time (P≥0.05). Moreover, within the experimental group, the difference between post-test and pre-test scores for correct answers and errors was also significant (P≥0.05).

This study provides preliminary evidence that rTMS effectively enhances working memory in stroke patients with hemineglect, contributing to the expanding research on non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation and underscoring the necessity for further investigation.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation and time perspective therapies on high-risk behavior in adolescents. The research method was quasi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of all male seventh to twelfth grade students in the Gilan-E-Gharb city (N=1050). The statistical sample included 51 adolescents with anxiety symptoms who were replaced in three groups of emotion regulation therapy, time perspective therapy, and control group. Both two experiments were under treatment within 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The Checklist of Risk Behaviours for Youth (CORBY, Armstrong, 2012) was used to collect data. Analysis of variance with repeated measure and Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotion regulation and time perspective therapies were effective in reducing the high-risk behavior (P<0.001); But, there was no meaningful difference between two therapies (P>0.05). Based on the results, emotion regulation and time perspective therapies are recommended to reduce high-risk behavior in adolescents.

 This study aimed to determine the pattern of relationship between sleep disorder and borderline personality disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses of Kermanshah city.

 The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey-based in terms of implementation. The statistical population of this study includes all present and dispatched nurses to the site of the incident in Kermanshah city. The sampling method was random convenient sampling, and the sample size was determined to be 150 participants using Cochran's formula. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants responded to the Mississippi PTSD Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Jackson and Claridge (1991) Borderline Personality Scale.

 The results indicated that post-traumatic stress disorder has a significant positive relationship, both directly and indirectly, with borderline personality disorder thoughts and sleep disorder. Furthermore, in fitting the designed model, it was shown that the obtained GFI and AGFI indices are close to one, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is less than 0.08 and within an acceptable range, suggesting that the model variables are well-fitted by the data.

 Considering the findings of the present study and the importance of nurses' health on community health, the evaluation, recognition, and treatment of sleep quality and borderline personality disorder and their relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder can provide valuable guidelines for improving PTSD in nurses.

 The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of positive psychotherapy on psychological distress, cognitive preoccupation, and negative automatic thoughts in students preparing for university entrance exams.

Methods and Materials: 

This study is applied in nature and semi-experimental in terms of implementation, employing a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female students preparing for university entrance exams in Kermanshah in 1402. From the statistical population, 40 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and were divided into two groups (one experimental group and one control group). The research instruments included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2003), the Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (Kendall & Hollon, 1980), and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Rachman & Shafran, 1996). Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

 The results of the study indicated that the positive psychotherapy intervention method had a significant impact on the psychological distress of students preparing for university entrance exams in the post-test phase (p < 0.01). The positive psychotherapy intervention method also had a significant impact on the negative automatic thoughts of these students in the post-test phase (p < 0.01), as well as on their cognitive preoccupation (p < 0.01).

 Positive psychotherapy is effective in reducing negative automatic thoughts in students preparing for university entrance exams. Positive psychotherapy is also effective in reducing psychological distress and cognitive preoccupation in these students.

The aim of present study was investigating the impact of social problem solving training on reducing anger among adolescent students. This research was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. 30 teenage students were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The social problem solving training program D’Zurilla and Nezu(2007) was implemented in 10 one-hour sessions on the experimental group. Then, the level of anger of the participants was measured in the pre-test-post-test-follow-up phases using with multidimensional student anger questionnaire (Smith, Furlong, Bates, Laughlin, 1998). The research data was analyzed through the method of mixed repeated measure. The results showed that the average scores of the participants in anger and its subscales in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test stage in the experience of anger, positive coping and hostile attitude had a significant difference, but there was no significant difference in the destructive coping subscale. Also, there was no significant change between the post-test and follow-up scores in all the anger subscales of the students in the experimental group, which indicated the significant persistence of the changes resulting from the social problem solving training in the follow-up phase. The findings of this research showed that social problem solving training has been effective in reducing the anger of adolescent students.

This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience, hardiness, and quality of life of employees at the power distribution company. The study method was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up, conducted on all employees working at the power distribution company in Kermanshah province in 2022. A total of 40 individuals participated in the study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control (20 individuals in each group). After the pre-test using the hardiness scale (Kobasa, 1979), resilience (Connor, 1979), and quality of life (Testa, 2014), the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes each week of acceptance and commitment-based therapy, while the control group received no training. To assess the impact of the training, a post-test was administered to both the experimental and control groups. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS.23 software and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy led to a significant difference in hardiness, resilience, and quality of life among employees of the power distribution company (P≤0.001).

Considering the importance of marital compatibility in the health and stability of the family system, it is essential to identify the factors affecting it. However, in the literature of this field, no study was found that developed a model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence, and the effectiveness of the model of marital compatibility on moral intelligence has not been the focus of researchers.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence on the moral intelligence of compatible and incompatible couples in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022.

The research method in the first part is in terms of the practical purpose and in terms of the descriptive implementation method, content analysis type, and in the second part of the research, it is a semi-experimental type with a control group and a control group. The statistical sample of the qualitative part was to develop a training package for compatible and incompatible couples living in Kermanshah city (10 family counseling specialists) in the year 2021-2022. In order to sample according to the purposeful sampling method, 40 people from compatible and incompatible couples in Kermanshah city to extract the components of the model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence and to investigate the effect of independent variables (the educational package approach was developed 20 people and for the control group Also, 20 compatibles and incompatible couples were selected and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups.

The findings in the qualitative section indicated that the components of moral intelligence in the educational package included honesty and truthfulness, perseverance and persistence for the right, accepting responsibility to serve others, the ability to forgive one's mistakes, and the ability to ignore the mistakes of others. The results of the quantitative part showed that the intervention of the marital compatibility model based on intelligence dimensions significantly increased moral intelligence and its components (P> 0.05).

According to the effectiveness of the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the developed protocol has the potential to be effective in improving moral intelligence and its components among couples and can be of interest to mental health professionals and family counselors. It should be included in pre-marital counseling and also to reduce inconsistency in clients.

The diagnosis of cancer causes considerable suffering and anxiety for the patient. It threatens the meaning of the patient's life, which leads to a sense of collapse, so it is necessary to meet the psychological needs of the cancer patient. Meeting the spiritual needs of cancer patients plays a role in accelerating recovery and achieving spiritual well-being. Recently, along with common physical treatments, spiritual therapy has attracted the attention of doctors, and also paying attention to spirituality in life can help to improve the mental health of cancer patients in the difficult conditions of the disease and to accept the disease as a psychological support. By the patient and to be effective in improving psychological disorders and this treatment method is recommended as an effective intervention in improving psychological problems. Many studies report religion and spirituality as complementary treatments for cancer patients. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two approaches of group spirituality therapy with therapy based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients in Kermanshah City. Group therapies, including spiritual therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment, which are part of the third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy, can have positive and significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer patients. Considering the different areas of human life and the effects of religion on mental and physical health, including health and treatment, it is important because it has a prominent and indelible role in human life. Therefore, the knowledge of the effectiveness of group spirituality treatment methods can be used by experts in treating many disorders and increasing cancer patients' life expectancy and happiness. Paying attention to the research background shows that so far no research has been done in comparing the effectiveness of two approaches of group spirituality therapy with treatment based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients. The lack of research findings in this field prompted researchers to compare these two treatments in terms of increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients. Therefore, how much is the effectiveness of group spirituality therapy compared to treatment based on acceptance and commitment in a group way on acceptance and commitment on increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients?

The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all cancer patients referred to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah. The sampling method was available (with the approval of a specialist doctor undergoing chemotherapy). They were divided into three groups of 15 people, including two experimental groups and one control group. Eight 45-minute spiritual therapy sessions were given to the first experimental group and eight 45-minute training sessions based on acceptance and commitment therapy were presented to the second experimental group. Schneider et al.'s (1991) life expectancy scale and Schneider et al.'s (1991) happiness scale were used to collect data.

The results showed that spiritual therapy is effective in increasing life expectancy and happiness, and treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective in increasing the life expectancy and happiness of cancer patients.

The main goal of this research is to find a better treatment among the existing treatments. The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy and happiness. According to the previous interpretations, the positive effect of both treatments on the variables of life expectancy and quality of life has been proven, and there is no debate there, but according to the findings of the research and considering the native context of the province and the variety of existing religions, spiritual therapy has been able to have a greater effect. Accepting a cancer diagnosis and its treatment is often considered a psychological and spiritual transition that can lead to the restructuring of values and can reflect how patients evaluate their lives and their sense of happiness. Therefore, it is important to assess happiness in cancer patients and look for ways to promote it, that is, by providing support during treatment or encouraging the development of positive characteristics unrelated to the disease or its treatment. Religious beliefs may influence physiological responses such as sensitivity to pain. In addition, prayer may trigger a mechanism called the relaxation response, in which physiological phenomena occur when a person reaches a state of relaxation. Prayers and other rituals are often performed as a repetitive practice. Repetition of this action can cause physiological responses, for example, lowering metabolism and heart rate, causing relaxation and relaxation, and improving well-being and quality of life. Spirituality has different interpretations in every religion and nation, but what they have in common is the existence of God and adherence to moral principles - a belief that can cut through the strings of despair like a winning sword and overcome dark and painful days. Open a new door for people. Men usually respond positively to psychological treatments, especially spiritual treatments, due to their busy work schedules and unsophisticated spirits, and the younger the age, the greater the resistance and stubbornness of accepting this type of treatment among men. Is. However, it should be remembered that these strong men have learned the way and customs of spirituality in the arms of their spiritual mothers, and this spirituality has a special place in their unconscious mind, and we can stimulate emotions and remember moments. By using the principles of proximity and similarity, we have been able to achieve valuable results with a young and male group.Also, the results of the research showed that spiritual therapy has a greater effect on increasing life expectancy and happiness among cancer patients than treatment based on acceptance and commitment. Therefore, by performing psychological interventions on time, it is possible to help increase life expectancy and happiness, speed up recovery and reduce the length of hospitalization in the hospital, and ultimately reduce hospital costs in these patients, and change the view of the physical and pay more attention to the dimensions mental state in this group of patients.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Cancer patients often experience severe stress. Improving or reducing the stress caused by cancer in patients is also possible with different psychological approaches. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on life expectancy and quality of life of cancer patients.

In this quasi-experimental study involving pre-test and post-test and follow-up by a control group conducted in 2020, we randomly selected 45 cancer patients admitted to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah province, which were divided into three groups: spiritual therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and control group. After the treatment, we compared them in three groups by SPSS v20 statistical software and covariance test using Quality of Life Questionnaire, Life Expectancy Questionnaire by Schneider.

The mean age of 45 selected patients was 28±14 years (14 females of 18-49 and 31 males of 22-45). 75% of patients were single and 25% were married. A family history of cancer was observed in 14% of patients. There were no significant differences in pre-test (17.04 ±2.35) and post-test (18.19 ± 2.11) scores related to life expectancy in patients in the control group. The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference (at the level of p <0.01) between post-test scores in the two experimental groups compared to the control group in terms of quality of life and life expectancy.

Both types of treatments were effective on patients and increased their quality of life and life expectancy. But spiritual therapy had a greater effect on quality of life and life expectancy among cancer patients compared to acceptance and commitment therapy. Therefore, by performing timely spiritual therapy interventions, we can help increase the quality of life and life expectancy of these patients.

In order to investigate the effects of soil salinity, plant density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative yield of forage mustard forage, an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Gorgan Nemoone Farm Research Station as a split split plot in a randomized complete block with three replications. Main factor of soil salinity (2 and 10 dS/m), sub-factor of planting date (6 November, 21 November, 6 December, 21 December and 5 January) and sub sub-factor of plant density at three levels (208000, 277000 and 416000 plants Per hectare) was considered. The results showed the interactions of environment × planting date on all studied traits including fresh weight, dry weight, percentage of leaf protein, percentage of stem protein, percentage of pod protein, percentage of total protein, protein yield, percentage of leaf fibers, percentage of stem fibers, percentage of Pod fibers, percentage of total fibers, fiber yield and leaf proline concentration were significant. The interaction effect of environment × planting density was also significant on all the mentioned traits except leaf protein percentage and leaf proline concentration. Also, the interaction effect of planting date and planting density was not significant only on stem protein percentage and leaf proline concentration. In conclusion, it can be said that the cultivation of forage mustard on November 6 and 208000 plants per hectare will produce the highest fresh and dry weight of forage and protein yield, as well as the lowest amount of fiber.

Policy making is one of the suitable approaches in acquiring city developing goals and providing better services for citizens. This research was accomplished by the objective of policy making in the city services in municipality by using mixed approach. This research is an applied research. The research is accomplished by utilizing mixed approach in both quantity and quality areas. In quantity area, data was gathered by questionnaire tool. The research population consisted of 10 persons of expert managers of municipality. Dimensions and components of screening and selecting were done by Fuzzy Delphi and utilizing Fuzzy DEMATEL method, their relationship was determined then the pattern was designed, and finally by using Fuzzy Analytical Network Process weighed and prioritized. The findings of the quality part indicated that the pattern included five dimensions including: “environmental”, “economical”, “cultural”, “contextual”, and “operational” dimensions orderly and 20 components. The findings of quantity part and Fuzzy DEMATEL indicated that there is a kind of relationship between dimensions, so that the “environmental”, “economical”, “cultural”, “contextual”, “operational” dimensions have mutual effects on each others, orderly. The weighing findings also showed that the “operational” dimension had the most weight, and the components “human capacity”, “evaluation”, and “implementation” acquired the first, second and third importance, orderly. So, it is proposed that the managers of municipality concentrate on human resources to implement the proposed pattern for enabling the human resources in interoffice part and have coordination with superiors in out of organization part.

Background &

Marriage is a bond that binds not just two people who hope to be in love forever, but two families built on completely different foundations, traditions, value systems, and lifestyles. Therefore, it is not unusual for this encounter to lead to a host of adjustment, emotional, financial, and psychosocial problems (1). Reviewing these problems leads to marital conflicts and differences in the process of cooperation, interaction, and their daily communication (2). In general, marital conflicts occur when there is a lack of agreement and lack of compatibility between couples (3). The incompatibility of couples causes the absence of marital well-being, which also leads to feelings of anger, frustration and dissatisfaction (9).
Psychological well-being includes self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, mastery of the environment, purposeful living, and personal growth. Couples with high psychological well-being perceive more pleasant experiences and suffer less from pleasant emotions (10). In this regard, Azarnik et al. (1400) showed that communication skills training can increase the level of marital satisfaction and lead to the reduction of marital conflicts (11).
On the other hand, communication skills are those skills through which people can engage in interpersonal interactions and the communication process; A process during which people share their information, thoughts, feelings with each other through verbal and non-verbal exchange (14).
According to the stated content, it should be kept in mind that the present research is based on this basic question: Is there a relationship between the effectiveness of life skills training and communication skills on marital conflicts, conflict resolution styles and psychological well-being of incompatible spouses?

In order to carry out this practical and quasi-experimental research, which was carried out with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group, among the incompatible couples who referred to the psychological service centers of Kermanshah in 1400, who volunteered and through an invitation to participate in this course. 45 people had registered and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Before and after the intervention, all the subjects completed the revised questionnaire of marital conflicts and psychological well-being. Also, the interventions of the two groups were conducted as a group for 13 sessions of 45 minutes and twice a week. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS-26 software and statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance and Benferoni's post hoc test.

The results of the Wilkes lambda test with the value (F(8,21)=113.113, P=0.000<0.05) indicate the impact of life skills training on marital conflicts at the 5% error level. It was also found that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, life skills training is effective on marital conflicts (F(1,28)=865.617, p<0.05) (Table 3).
Another finding showed that life skills training has an effect on the psychological well-being of couples (F(6,23)=114.234, P=0.000<0.05). Also, after controlling for the effect of the pre-test, it was found that life skills training is effective on psychological well-being. F(1,28)=534.878, p<0.05) (Table 4).
The results of the Wilkes Lambda test with the value (F(8,21)=115.310, P=0.000<0.05) indicate the effectiveness of communication skills training on marital conflicts. Also, after controlling the pre-test effect, the effectiveness of communication skills training on marital conflicts was confirmed (F(1,28)=631.731, p<0.05) (Table 5).
Another finding showed that communication skills training has an effect on the psychological well-being of couples (F(6,23)=130.589, P=0.000<0.05). And after controlling the pre-test effect, communication skills training has an effect on psychological well-being (F(1,28)=502.673, p<0.05) (Table 6).
According to table (7), by controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the post-test scores of marital conflicts is significant (F(1,42)=470.868, p<0.05). So that after the intervention, the scores of marital conflicts have decreased significantly. According to these findings, it can be said that teaching life skills and communication skills has improved marital conflicts in incompatible spouses. Also, according to the results of Benferoni's follow-up test, teaching life skills and communication skills led to a decrease in average marital conflicts in incompatible spouses. There was no significant difference between the effect of life skills training and communication skills training on marital conflicts of incompatible spouses.
According to table (8), by controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the post-test psychological well-being scores is significant (F(1,42)=417.792, p<0.05). So that after the intervention, psychological well-being scores have increased significantly. According to these findings, it can be said that teaching life skills and communication skills has improved the psychological well-being of incompatible spouses. According to the results of Benferoni's follow-up test, teaching life skills and communication skills led to an increase in average psychological well-being in incompatible spouses. There was no significant difference between the effect of life skills training and communication skills training on the psychological well-being of incompatible spouses.

The results showed that life skills training has a significant effect on psychological well-being. In reference to this finding, it is possible to refer to the study of Khenifar (2013), which showed that teaching life skills through self-awareness training, a person becomes aware of his physical, mental, emotional characteristics, and thoughts, especially his emotions in the present moment, by teaching life skills The method of decision-making, problem solving, creative thinking, critical thinking and controlling emotions, coping with stress and communication skills, teaches flexibility to a person so that he can identify and criticize different solutions in the face of challenges (36).
The results showed that communication skills training has a significant effect on marital conflicts. In explaining the effectiveness of communication skills training based on the modification of initial incompatible schemas on the reduction of marital conflicts, it can be said that since conflict is an integral part of marital relations and one of the common family problems that has attracted the attention of therapists, investigating the causes of conflicts and Also, strategies to reduce marital conflicts can have a significant effect on improving marital relations, so it can be concluded that communication skills training sessions are based on correcting incompatible schemas, learning communication skills, correcting schemas, feedback and training (39).
The results showed that communication skills training is confirmed on psychological well-being and it can be said that communication skills training has a significant effect on psychological well-being and its components. This means that proper communication increases the emotional and emotional intimacy of couples. If a couple can communicate in the right ways, they will not only have effective communication but also increase intimacy between them. On the other hand, increasing intimacy and emotional companionship of husband and wife increases their sensitivity towards each other; As a result, their emotional intercourse also increases (43).

The purpose of the present research is the relationship between the idea of God and spiritual excellence with psychological security in Kermanshah city. The current research is a correlation type in terms of practical purpose and descriptive in terms of execution. The statistical population included all the veterans of Kermanshah, which are equal to 19,616 people. In order to select the sample size using Cochran's formula and the total population size, 377 people were selected based on the stratified sampling method. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of concept of God and spiritual excellence with mental security of veterans. Therefore, it can be concluded that one of the building blocks of the idea of God is spiritual exaltation, where a person renounces worldly attachments and turns from non-God to God, and this increases a person's ability to endure problems and leads to Security is for the sake of veterans.

The aim of this research was to determine the cybernetic model of the balance of occupational, social and individual performance of the professional employees of Bank Melli Iran. In terms of purpose, it is practical and in terms of nature, it is exploratory research. The statistical population of this research is a community including specialists and experts in the field of work-life balance. The research tool was semi-structured interview. Using the grounded theory method, the data obtained from the interviews conducted with 15 specialists, experts and skilled people of the National Bank of Iran were conducted during three stages of open (initial), central and selective (selective) coding. Open codes include 93 concepts and core codes include seven major categories, in which factors such as: monitoring and control, loose and hard links, interactions, decision-making, hierarchy, leadership and balance in management were identified. We continued conducting interviews until we reached the point of theoretical saturation, that is, conducting a new interview did not lead to the creation of a new code, and this indicates the reliability of the current research. Also, the discovery and inspection was carried out by going back and forth. The research results showed that in contextual conditions, factors such as loose and hard ties (strong relationship, weak relationship) and interactions (upstream interaction, downstream interaction); In causal conditions, factors such as decision-making (individual decision-making, collective decision-making) and hierarchy (individual feedback of hierarchy, collective feedback of hierarchy) and in intervention conditions, monitoring and control factors (corrective, guiding) were identified.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral intervention and positive psychotherapy on negative mood among female cancer patients who underwent surgery. The statistical population in this research included all female cancer patients who underwent surgery at Sinai Hospital in Mashhad between April and September 1402. 200 people were purposefully selected and a negative mood questionnaire was distributed among them, and among them were female cancer patients who underwent surgery. (Breast) who received a lower score in the dysfunctional attitude questionnaire, 60 people were selected completely randomly and 20 people were divided into three groups (2 experimental groups and 1 control group). In this research, two standard demographic information questionnaires and Yang's negative mood questionnaire (1990) were used, which are based on the cognitive behavioral intervention protocols of Hoffman et al. (2013) and positive psychology Rashid and Seligman (2011). was executed Finally, the conclusion has been reached that cognitive behavioral intervention (cbt) and positive-oriented psychotherapy have an effect on reducing the negative mood of operated cancer patients; Also, the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral intervention method (CBT) and positive-oriented psychotherapy method on reducing negative mood in cancer patients who underwent surgery is different.

The family is the smallest unit of society and its health and disease are directly or indirectly involved in the health and disease of the community; but despite the importance of the family as a good environment for socializing and educating future generations, today many families suffer from traumas such as divorce, marital disputes, suicide, runaway children and other issues. They have shaken and in some cases destroyed the healthy family relationship that is necessary for the survival and strengthening of the family. The phenomenon of marital boredom is a kind of burnout and physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion that is caused by the mismatch between expectations and reality in married life. Boredom is gradual and less sudden. In fact, love and intimacy gradually fade away and decay. At worst, boredom means the total breakdown of marital relationships. The behavioral-cognitive approach is one of the most important therapeutic approaches that has attracted the attention of psychologists. Today, the application of the behavioral-cognitive approach in couple therapy has been approved. Considering that the problem of marital boredom in couples, which is caused by annoyance, frustration, despair, and a large psychological-emotional distance between couples, is one of the main reasons for emotional divorce, and if not properly addressed and treated, It provides the ground for formal divorce of couples, so it is important to pay attention to this phenomenon and treat its destructive effects on the marital and family system. On the other hand, supervised and clinical research on emotion-oriented couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and their effect on conflict and boredom in couples are small, so the present study to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy and cognitive couple therapy- Behavior on the boredom of the couple seems necessary. Since in order to increase marital satisfaction and strengthen marital relations, it is necessary to pay attention to the cause and effect of incompatibility and as mentioned, both of these theories have completely different views on this category (incompatibility), in this study, the effectiveness of couples Emotion-oriented therapy is examined in comparison with rational-emotional-behavioral couple therapy to determine which of these two approaches is more effective in reducing boredom.

The present study is semi-experimental in terms of applied purpose and method of implementation. The research design of this study is a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women who were referred to Azar Clinic in Kermanshah from the beginning of April 2017 to June 2017 due to marital conflicts and family conflicts to solve their problems and out of 200 patients, 30 people were randomly replaced in experimental group one (n = 10), experimental group two (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). They were selected and replaced using random sampling and random substitution. In general, the inclusion criteria in this study included those who had partial or desirable social and family commitments and mild or relative mental and physical health, and their performance in the way of adaptation and interpersonal relationships with their spouse was difficult and demanding. Eliminating marital problems and boredom, in other words, promoting mental health and increasing life satisfaction, have been intended to continue living together. Exclusion criteria were also couples with a history of severe addiction, long-term and frequent incarceration, leaving or running away from home, severe mental illness with psychiatric symptoms, extramarital sex complained of by one or more couples, or had severe physical illnesses that were medically diagnosed and were unable to maintain marital relationships, which according to the assessments that were made at the beginning of the referral were not included in the list of the statistical population of this study. In the present study, the marital boredom questionnaire was used. This scale was invented by Pines in 2003. The questionnaire has 21 items that include 3 main components of physical fatigue (eg feeling tired, lethargic, and having sleep disorders), emotional exhaustion (feeling depressed, hopeless, trapped), and mental exhaustion (such as feeling worthless, frustrated). And anger towards his wife). Also in this study, the experimental group participated in emotion-focused couple therapy sessions and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy sessions that lasted approximately two months and two sessions per week. Data were analyzed using Spss-21 statistical software.

The statistical results showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy were effective in reducing marital boredom and also emotion-focused couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy were equally effective in marital boredom (P <0.001).

In general, according to the results, it can be stated that to reduce couples' boredom, emotion-based couple therapy, and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy can be used, and couples can use these approaches to deepen their life expectancy. Emotional couple therapy is used to reduce turmoil in adult romantic relationships and to reconstruct couples' interactive patterns. During treatment, small steps are taken toward safe emotional engagement, which allows couples to reassure each other and reduce conflict. Like other studies in the field of behavioral sciences, the present study also faced limitations, including the study sample, which consisted of a couple who filed for divorce due to a severe marital dispute and went to family court counseling centers. They have referred. Due to this, the generalizability of research results to other couples who have not filed for divorce despite severe marital discord should be done with caution. Also, the participants in the study were couples who simultaneously announced their readiness to participate in the study, so caution should be exercised in generalizing the findings of this study. It is better that such interventions be performed at least on couples with a history of divorce without separation. They should also be referred. It is also suggested that the effectiveness of the approaches used in this study be compared with other approaches and follow-up should be considered in the study to evaluate the continuity of therapeutic effects over time.