حسن رفعتی شالدهی

Awareness of hospital incidents and their causes can affect the managerial planning of hospitals and finding preventive measures in order to reduce occupational incidents and ultimately reduce in hospital expenses. This study was performed with the aim of investigating the prevalence rate of hospital accidents and their associating factors among the staff of one of Tehran hospitals. This descriptive cross–sectional study was performed on 190 staffs of one of Tehran hospitals during 2008-2009. All incidents were considered and subjects were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected by a questionnaire and a checklist. Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Chi square test and paired proportion test. 62.6% of cases had been injured only once and 34.7% had been injured more than once. Cuts, perforations and ulcerations (92 cases) had the highest prevalence rate. Inobservance and imprudence was the cause of most cases of incidents and unsafe working conditions and lack of individual protective equipments were in the next order respectively. The effect of subjects’ education level (p<0.001) and work experience (p<0.05) on incident rate was significant. Cuts, perforations and ulcerations have the highest prevalence rate among hospital accidents. Inobservance and imprudence is responsible for most cases of incidents. The education level and work experience have significant effect on the rate of hospital incidents.

Introduction. One of the basic problems in many of organizations and institutes is that, there are not enough information about personals knowledge and awareness. Knowledge management includes the most important means for resolving this problem by focusing on the alternatives for organizing, human forces and technology knowing the nature and importance of the knowledge and knowledge management in the organization completely to plan a knowledge management system or promoting its level in an organization is necessary. Also its necessary organizations success basic and approach for making balance among these items are attended specially by recognizing items and their functions indirect of accessing basic advantages in result of using knowledge management in the organization. So far 26 models about knowledge management were presented by different scientist sand institutes that most of them are similar to each other in terms of content but they include different orders in the words and phases. Nonaka and takouchi model is one of the best models among these models interms of explaining how producing knowledge that is was selected this study is Cross-sectional. for Analyzing challenges and blocks in the organization. At first nonaka model was divided sports for making questions for question air according to the studies and Analyzing main concepts in the structure of knowledge management and also studying suggested models. Then possible important parameters for promoting knowledge level in that part were made and finally selected parameters and alternatives were changed to the questions for questionnaire that its result was producing and questionnaires for each part. Questionnaires were given managers and people who were known as elits and specialist by the researching society for Analyzing their validity, so they were analyzed for resolving problems and matching with suggested model. Finally the questions in the questionnaire were evaluated by kokran test suitably and samely. Then the questionnaires were distributed among selected center personals and determining their views about the present center situation (according likert spectrum) were asked them. (in fact determining the value of the questions were asked them). In next step explaining the effect of these questions on promoting knowledge level of the center were asked them (in fact determining the value of the questions). Then the average value of each question was accounted and standardized after accounting the number (advantage) of the center and each level of nonaka model divisions, the value of the questions in the questionnaire are determined for accepting and determining the level of center knowledge suitably with each part of the model.Discussion. Analyzing data (the answers of the questions in the questionnaire) shows that the advantage of the center related to the knowledge management is 2.77 in other ward the general center situation interms of centralizing knowledge and profiting the capital of the knowledge is less than average (between middle and weak). Finally, they were sent again to the professional and people who have a hand in the society for Analyzing validity of the results and determining distinction about produced challenges and problems in order of their level of importance were asked them and these peoples views were analyzed by using (feridman) test. According to the obtained advantages by the organization and the list of the tabled problems in the organization, it seems that the organization needs to do some projects and knowledge under structures in the organization basically. These under structures include both human sources as the most important part and technologic equipments. On the other the organization should include suitable cultural programs for younger and in experienced people to recognize the importance of the knowledge factors as unimportant organizational capital. Also the organization managers mind should be focused on the importance of organization knowledge capital more than before by making culture.