حسین اسلامی

Water resources management in agriculture is of particular importance, especially in arid and semi-arid regions such as the Handijan Plain in Khuzestan Province. One of the most important hydrological indicators for optimal irrigation planning, determining plant water requirements, and increasing productivity is actual evapotranspiration (ETa). Accurate estimation of this parameter can play a significant role in improving water resources management. Traditional methods of measuring evapotranspiration, such as using lysimeters, are expensive and time-consuming, and provide limited information at the point scale; in contrast, the use of satellite data such as Landsat 8 images allows for the estimation of evapotranspiration at the regional scale. In this study, the SEBAL algorithm was used on satellite images to assess actual evapotranspiration in the Handijan Plain and improve water resources management for rainfed agriculture. Using this algorithm, the surface energy balance components including net radiation flux (Rn), soil heat flux (G), and sensible heat flux (H) were estimated, and then evapotranspiration was calculated using the energy balance equation. The results showed that evapotranspiration in this region depends on several factors including vegetation distribution, crop type, and cultivation time. Studies have shown that the hourly evapotranspiration rate in the Handijan Plain varies between 0 and 1.1 mm/h, while the daily value of this index varies between 0 and 21 mm/day. These findings also indicate the direct effects of land use type, vegetation characteristics, and solar radiation intensity on evapotranspiration rate.

Climate change and its effects on components influencing the groundwater balance are critically important for sustainable water resource management under conditions of water supply instability.

Investigating the exploitation of groundwater resources as a sustainable resource in climate change conditions.

Among 14 climate models, the most suitable models for simulating precipitation and temperature were selected based on statistical indicators. Considering the importance of precipitation in groundwater recharge, surface water behavior was estimated through regression relationships.

Climate simulation results identified the AWI-CM-1-1-MR model as the best for future precipitation projections and HadGEM3-GC31-MM for temperature projections. In contrast, temperature is expected to increase across all three scenarios. Based on regression relationships between precipitation and streamflow at three hydrometric stations, two components—recharge from surface runoff and aquifer drainage—were calculated for the groundwater balance. Groundwater inflow and outflow were estimated numerically in relation to aquifer water level changes.

Climate change significantly affects the quantitative dynamics of the aquifer, particularly due to the high sensitivity of groundwater outflow and water table levels. Moreover, the findings reveal that groundwater abstraction has a relatively smaller impact compared to climate change effects, suggesting that well-planned abstraction policies could lead to effective adaptation strategies under future climate scenarios.

Religious extremism has become a security, political, and social challenge in the Middle East. Extremist groups, with a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, deny the legitimacy of political systems and seek to present an alternative model, and seek to impose their ideology by resorting to violence. The present study aims to analyze the strategies of extremist religious groups, especially ISIS and Al-Qaeda, in confronting the regional order in the Middle East. By examining the roots and motivations of these groups, this study compares the approaches of ISIS and Al-Qaeda in confronting the regional order in order to assess the consequences of these differences on regional security. Using a structuralist theoretical framework, the article shows that the challenge of these groups goes beyond security threats and has identity and normative dimensions, and they seek to redefine identities and values ​​in the Middle East. The research method is qualitative-analytical, and the data were collected from documentary and library sources. The findings show that ISIS has pursued a radical strategy of immediate order change through the establishment of a caliphate, while al-Qaeda has taken a more gradual approach focused on weakening the “distant enemy.” These differences have led to different outcomes. The research argues that the challenge of extremist groups is a reflection of deep divisions in the Middle East, and that effectively countering them requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the various drivers of extremism, including strengthening civil society institutions, promoting education, and creating economic opportunities.

 Denture stomatitis is the most important clinical complication that is common in denture wearers. Candida albicans is the most important microorganism involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Since the antifungal activity of propolis extract on Candida albicans has been proven in the laboratory, the aim of the study is to compare the mouthwash of propolis extract and nystatin in the treatment of denture stomatitis.

 In this study, thirty people with full removable dentures, suffering from type two denture stomatitis with symptoms of a wide erythematous area of the mucosa covered by the denture, participated. Propolis extract mouthwash was given to one group and nystatin mouthwash to the other group. The size of the erythema caused by denture stomatitis was taken before the start of mouthwash use, five, ten, fifteen and twenty days after the start of use, and the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and repeated analysis of variance, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

 There is a statistically significant difference between the average size of the erythema in the two groups under investigation at five and ten days after the start of use, which is greater in the nystatin group than the average in the propolis extract group, and at other evaluation times between the average There is no statistically significant difference in the size of the erythema in the two groups.

 Propolis extract mouthwash has the same effect as nystatin mouthwash in the treatment of denture stomatitis and due to its cheapness, ease of access, better taste and less side effects than nystatin, it is recommended for the treatment of fungal lesions including denture stomatitis.
Practical Implications. Considering the benefits of propolis extract mouthwash compared to nystatin mouthwash, while having the same effects, the healthcare system should take measures to increase the consumption and prosperity of this mouthwash.

Cytokines play an important role in regulating the host response to infection and tissue damage. The aim of this research was to compare the salivary levels of interleukin 6 and 8 in people with geographic tongue and healthy people.

  In this case-control study, 34 people with geographic tongue and 34 healthy people participated. Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected from both groups. Subjects spit their saliva into Falcon tubes every 60 seconds for 6 minutes. After completing the sampling, the amount of interleukin 6 and 8 was measured using the ELISA technique. Data analysis was done using independent t-test in SPSS version 24. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

  The mean level of interleukin 8 was significantly higher in patients with geographic tongue (87.53±7.38 pg/mL) than in healthy subjects (53.53±6.04 pg/mL) (P<0.05). The mean level of interleukin 6 was significantly higher in patients with geographic tongue (519.11±49.92 pg/mL) than in healthy subjects (459.65±46.11 pg/mL) (P<0.05). In both control and patient groups, the level of interleukin 6 and 8 in women was significantly higher than in men (P<0.05).

  The mean levels of interleukin 8 and interleukin 6 in patients with geographic tongue were significantly higher compared to healthy subjects.

There are generally two main methods for measuring fluid flow in open channels. The first method involves measuring the average velocity and cross-sectional area and multiplying them to calculate the discharge. The second method involves creating a controlled depth using a structure and establishing a direct relationship between the depth and flow rate (known as the stage-discharge relationship), where the flow rate can be directly determined by measuring the depth (Potter et al., 2012). Flow passing through a structure for measurement is categorized into two main types: free or modular flow and submerged or non-modular flow. Since the hydraulic behavior of these structures differs under free and submerged conditions, determining the boundary between these two flow states is essential. The threshold of each structure represents the boundary between these two flow states. So far, no studies on this topic have been specifically for flumes with combined cross-sections. Therefore, this research aims to cover this subject. This study aims to experimentally investigate the threshold of submergence in trapezoidal-rectangular and triangular-rectangular combined cross-section flumes. For this purpose, the submergence threshold of these flumes is examined for various flow rates and geometries. Additionally, empirical relationships for both proposed flume types have been developed after dimensional analysis and non-dimensionalities of influential parameters for engineers to use in the design phase. Finally, the submergence thresholds of these two types of flumes are compared.

The experiments in this study were conducted on horizontal and rectangular flumes with dimensions of 20, 0.6, and 0.5 m for length, width, and height. The flumes have a closed water flow system, and an end gate to control of downstream depth. In this research, different models of flumes were tested at various flow rates. In total, 170 experiments were performed for the trapezoidal-rectangular flume, and 101 experiments were conducted for the triangular-rectangular flume in the threshold submergence state.The effective parameters on the threshold submergence of a trapezoidal-rectangular flume include geometrical parameters, fluid characteristics, and gravity acceleration. The geometric parameters are the height of the flume P, the amount of floor opening a, and the width of flume B. The angles of upstream and downstream transitions are not considered because they are fixed. Fluid-related parameters include dynamic viscosity µ and specific mass ρ. Another parameter affecting the flow in open channels is the acceleration of gravity g. Also, the parameters related to the flow, including the upstream depth h, and the downstream depth ht, are effective variables on the threshold submergence. By using Buckingham's Π theory, choosing the parameters µ, g, and h as repetition variables, and using the theory of incomplete self-similarity (Barenblatt, 1987), finally, two Eqs. (1) and (2) are as follows. h_t/P=(h/B)^m f_1 ( a/B,Z) (1) h_t/P=(h/B)^m f_2 ( Z) (2) where m is a numerical constant that is determined based on experimental data.

The results indicate that although the ht/B index shows a consistent increasing trend, it effectively fails to differentiate between flows with different heights. The ht/h index demonstrates that this index does not exhibit a consistent trend compared to the h/B parameter. Therefore, based on the analyses conducted in this study, ht/P was considered a suitable threshold index for both types of flows under investigation.The index increases as the height of the flume increases for all three triangular prism side lengths (5, 10, and 15 cm). It is worth mentioning that the changes for low h/B ratios are negligible, and the difference between different flume depths increases withan increase in this ratio, especially for structures with side lengths of 10 and 15.The results show that with an increase in this parameter, the threshold submergence index decreases, indicating an increase in the sensitivity of the flow to the upstream depth. For a specific flow height and discharge, the upstream depth of the structure decreases with an increase in the parameter a. Therefore, the upstream energy of flows with higher opening ratios is lower, resulting in their submergence at an earlier stage.Similarly, similar to the trapezoidal-rectangular flow, in this type of flume, with an increase in height, the threshold submergence index increases, and the flume submerges later.Equations (3) and (4) demonstrate the threshold submergence index for thecombined trapezoidal-rectangular and triangular-rectangular flumes. The results show that more than 80% of the data have an error of less than 5%. The provided empirical equations have achieved satisfactory accuracy in estimating the experimental results.h_t/P=4(h/B)^(1.1) 〖(a/B)^(0.088) (Z)〗^(0.096) (3)/P=1.443(h/B)^(1.254) (Z)^(1.29) (4)

The investigation of various dimensionless parameters has shown that the ratio of the downstream depth to the flume height (ht/P) is a suitable indicator for the threshold submergence for both types of flumes. In both types of flumes, as the flow depth increases, the threshold submergence index also increases, indicating a decrease in the sensitivity of the flume to the downstream depth. The study of the effect of the trapezoidal base on the threshold submergence index has shown that as the base width increases, the threshold submergence decreases. A comparison between the two types of flumes has shown that in low flow rates, the triangular-rectangular combined flume reaches the threshold submergence earlier than the trapezoidal-rectangular flume. In contrast, in high flow rates, the opposite is true. Statistical analyses have demonstrated that the proposed relationships accurately predict the experimental results, with over 80% of the predictions having an error of less than 5%.

Social hope plays a significant role in realizing the ideals of a society, as it can be effective in health, comprehensive participation, creativity, interaction, and development of societies. In the meantime, The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), due to its wide impact on the masses, can play a major role in creating and deepening social hope. The aim of the present study was to present a quantitative model of the role of IRIB in creating social hope, with the separation of the metropolitan city (Tehran) and the less developed city (Ilam). The statistical population is all people who follow national media programs in Tehran and Ilam. Based on the Cochran formula, the statistical sample in Tehran was 384 people and in Ilam was 384 people. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the questionnaires were evaluated using the SEM structural equation modeling method and Amos software to present the model. The results suggested that only the effect of media performance on social hope in both Ilam and Tehran was significant. Also, in Ilam, the effect of the variables of happiness redefinition, specialization and media performance on social hope was significant, and in Tehran, the effect of the variables of justice orientation, dialogue orientation and media performance on social hope was significant. The difference in the intensity of the relationship between the variables of happiness redefinition and specialization with social hope was significant in both Tehran and Ilam, and this relationship has been stronger in Ilam.

Making decisions to choose stocks and forming an accurate portfolio are always anxieties for investors. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare portfolios based on the fundamental strategies PE, PEG, PERG-SD, and PERG-Beta and find the best strategy for investing. Another goal of this research is to determine whether the strategies above can be superior to the TEDPIX index in the long term.

Our evidence includes 362 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2023, and 110 have been selected as a research sample. The investment horizon in this study is three years (2021–2023), and investing is seasonal in the form of 12 seasons according to the mentioned strategies. The variable's value (strategy) is calculated for each strategy at the beginning of each season. All the companies are sorted from top to bottom based on the calculated variable (strategy) and divided into five equal categories. Then, for each portfolio category, investing was done at the beginning of the season. At the end of each season, the return and systematic risk of each category of portfolios were calculated. Finally, based on the risk and return of each portfolio, research hypotheses were tested using statistical tests (Wilcoxon and Friedman) and SPSS software.

The results showed that the return of portfolios formed by low coefficients (LOW) is higher than the return of portfolios formed by high coefficients (HIGH) and the TEDPX index in all four strategies: PE, PEG, PERG-SD, and PERG-Beta. Also, based on Friedman's test, the low PE strategy has the best performance compared to other strategies.

Originality/Value: 

This research fills a gap in the existing literature by organizing companies into five categories for each strategy, balancing portfolios seasonally, and analyzing the PERG strategy based on the nature of risk adjustment (systematic risk or total risk). These aspects have not been explored in previous internal research. Calculating the growth rate and systematic risk to evaluate these strategies differs from previous research. Moreover, no internal research has recently been conducted on these strategies, particularly during the research investment horizon (2021-2023). Given our country's ongoing political and economic changes (such as inflation, interest rates, the Corona pandemic, and the stock market crash in 2020), this research is crucial to confirm or challenge past findings in the highly dynamic investment environment.

The intake manifold is a part of the air intake system to the engine, which plays an important role in improving performance such as high torque and low fuel consumption, as well as keeping emissions low. In this paper, by changing the pattern of the air path, its role in engine breathing has been investigated numerically. For this purpose, first, the design of the manifolds was modeled in 3D in SolidWorks software. Also, two manifolds with different geometries were simulated as a 1D-3D couple in GT-SUITE and Ansys Fluent software. Air base fluid was used in this analysis. Using the 3D printer method, the designed manifold was produced, and then practically tested. The obtained results showed that the average speed in the optimized manifold is higher than the existing manifold, which increases the mass flow rate and volume flow rate of the output flow. Also, the amount of intake air for the four ports in the designed manifold has found a more uniform distribution. Performance tests on the engine confirm the performance improvement in terms of increased power with the same fuel and reduced emissions with the new manifold.

Thermogels, having unique sol-gel phase transition properties, have recently received much attention. These types of hydrogels show a phase transition when exposed to temperature changes. This feature is the key to the application of thermogels in medicine. The thermogelling behavior is the result of a combination of multiple heat response mechanisms. These mechanisms include the behavior of the lowest critical temperature of the solution, micellization and micellar aggregation of thermogel-forming polymers. Thermogels have wide applications in medical engineering and especially in tissue engineering. Injectability is one of the most important properties of thermogels for use in tissue engineering, which induces high compatibility, easy loading of cells and growth factors, and help in tissue regeneration to these hydrogels. In recent years, the use of thermogels in drug delivery and the study of thermogel drug delivery systems have become very common. Thermogels can deliver the drug to the desired location in a targeted manner and increase the life of the drug by protecting the drug in the body. Thermogels have also been considered as a suitable cell culture medium in various researches due to their three-dimensional porous structure. In addition, these materials have been used as self-cleaning membranes due to their ability to reduce fibrous encapsulation and facilitate analyte diffusion in biosensors. In this article, an attempt was made to review the research conducted in the field of functional mechanisms of thermogels and the progress achieved in this field. In the following, with a practical attitude, the research conducted in the field of using thermogels in medical engineering, such as use in drug delivery, tissue engineering, 3D culture of cells/stem cells, and membranes and sensors, was examined.

The necessity of water for survival is not hidden to anyone, but there is still no clear and systematic way to think about the value of water. The connection between poverty and lack of water is quite clear, so that poverty is prevalent mainly in water-scarce areas and can lead to conflicts; Social and economic development is completely tied to water, and the fact is that Iran is clearly facing a water crisis.This article seeks to harness the capacity of the media in general and new forms of water-related journalism in particular to promote citizens' water literacy. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in an interpretive paradigm based on qualitative methodology and using the data theory method of the Strauss and Corbin Systematic Approach Foundation, through theoretical sampling with experts in the fields of water, media, social sciences and communications, 31 in-depth interviews. The main phenomenon of this research was considered to be the promotion of water literacy. By analyzing the data, causal conditions (31 concepts), Underlying factors (cultural conditions, political and social conditions, media diversity, geographical conditions, economic conditions), intervening factors (role of professional journalists, independence of journalists, politicization of the press, ambiguous future of Iranian journalism) and strategies (media interaction, industry interaction, educational institutions, academia and media, press pathology, social capital promotion, audience sociology, confidence building, gatekeeper democracy, technological convergence and journalism, contiguous content, establishment of newspaper association Water writers, agile media interaction, and the creation of water journalism in schools, educational institutions, and universities) obtained in three coding steps.

The spread of the media in the present age and the influence on all political, social and personal dimensions of human life has made the need for a media to guide human beings to true perfection more and more felt, which is referred to as "monotheistic media" and in this regard religion Islam, as the last and most complete divine religion, has instructions; For example, in verse 125 of Surah An-Nahl, in connection with the monotheistic media, he has stated the method of propagating and inviting the truth with the three methods of wisdom, good preaching and good debate. In other words, one of the most central methods of combating Western media domination is to call for the rights and guidance of human beings. In fact, the media has a mission to address issues such as religiosity and religious values, the call to truth, guidance and religious identity. In this research, which is organized by documentary method and content analysis of verse 125 of Surah An-Nahl, the content of the monotheistic media has been studied and the capabilities of this media in the field of religion and strengthening the religiosity of individuals have been explained. Accordingly, the condition for the success of the monotheistic media is the use of strong and convincing reasoning along with good preaching. In fact, persuading the audience in human guidance is very important and should be given more attention in the monotheistic media.

Empirical evidence of recent research shows that internal audit has a positive effect on green innovation of companies. This, in turn, can lead to compatibility with environmental protection and prevent its destruction by companies. While it can improve the company's competitive advantages through the control system for the company's internal processes, of course, paying attention to this issue can be considered in turn due to the importance and role of internal audit on green innovation, especially considering the position of environmental investment and corporate governance. be taken The research method is of the descriptive correlation type and the statistical population of the present study also included 470 cases from among the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the years 2013 to 2014. Based on the Cochran correlation, the statistical sample of this research has been determined as 211 companies. In this research, structural equation modeling has been used to investigate the relationships between research variables. To test the hypotheses of the research, structural equation method and Lisrel statistical software were used. In general, the research results showed that internal audit has a significant relationship with green innovation. Also, environmental investment and corporate governance also confirm the relationship between them by acting as a mediator.

Social networks and modern media challenge the traditional media by constantly generating identity policies and distributing a form of active autonomy, and force its level of influence and believers to reconsider. Meanwhile, the pulpit, as one of the most traditional and political communication networks in Iran, has also challenged by the growing dominance of social media. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has conducted a comparative survey of young people and officials about the structures of unconvincing pulpits in Iran. Accordingly, by compiling a researcher-made questionnaire, the opinions of 420 young people in Tehran and 30 active pulpits in the mosques of this city about the impact of the five structural issues of market economy, politics, ethics, religious autonomy and society. Modernity has studied on the unconvincingness of the pulpits. The results show that the most important structure in the formation of the pulpit's dissatisfaction from point of view is the inappropriate performance of officials and from the pulpit's point of view, the most important structure for the formation of the pulpit's satiety is the problems of the modern world. Hence, it seems that the phenomenon of pulpit persuasion in Iran is one of the examples that has disrupted the dynamic and two-way relationship between public culture and official culture.

The present-day governance environment in the global arena has been impacted by social networks and the unique aspects of the era of the network society, leading to fundamental changes. These changes have transformed the governance environment "in", "on", and "through" social networks and made them an obvious and inevitable part of the picture. Therefore, this article aims to provide an effective and viable model for playing an authoritative role in the future of cyber operations at the international level. This will enable participants to take part in shaping the global cyber landscape. The objective of creating a desirable model for digital governance in the network society era has been outlined. By observing relevant documents and conducting library studies, methods used by other countries in this area have been obtained for the expansion and development of domestic and international governance. The two approaches of "open governance" and "control governance" have been examined and discussed, including the effects of adopting each approach and how they may impact international relations.The results of the current study demonstrate that though some might believe that open governance is the predominant approach in international arenas, a combination of both open and control governance based on the system of societal issues has a significant impact on cyber governance practices. Consequently, the ideal model of digital governance is a flexible authoritarian approach based on the system of issues that nations should adopt in both domestic and international arenas.The concepts of "digital governance" and "networked society" are two fundamental areas that constitute the new ecosystem and can be examined from multiple perspectives. The theory of network society, coined by Manuel Castells, presents a macro-level view of the characteristics of the current era, emerging as a new theory after the information society. The aforementioned theory can offer insights into the new age's characteristics.According to Castells, the transition to the network society is characterized by the polarization of international economic structures and societies, the transformation of work and employment, the evolution of media and audiences, the change of the material foundations of culture (the space of flows and timeless time), and the breakdown of the societal fabric. It is notable that the logic of the digital governance and network society areas are distinct, leading to contrasting identities. Ultimately, these identities exist on opposite ends of the spectrum, emphasizing the diverse nature of the network society.Furthermore, digital governance, as a significant aspect impacting global developments, has emerged as an all-encompassing framework for reforms within various governance domains. The digitization process will facilitate seamless cooperation between the public and private sectors, paving the way for effective digital governance, particularly through the reforming of public sector bills.Additionally, several experts assert that governments need to become more efficient and productive, engage in closer collaboration with stakeholders from diverse sectors, and leverage data to inform decision-making through the creation of evidence-based policies. Governments must also enhance transparency and accountability and respond to the evolving relationship between government and citizens by enhancing citizen participation through the implementation of public services or other measures. These concepts have led to the development of digital governance. However, the advancement of public sector improvements within Iran has been comparatively sluggish.The widespread usage of information and communication technologies in day-to-day life, as well as the increasing penetration of these technologies among households in the last few decades, have resulted in a significant amount of information generated about individuals, groups, and societies. In order to enhance their governance indicators, governments have no choice but to access, process, and make use of this information while managing and governing their communities. Consequently, the purpose of the current research is to review governance in the digital age and the research approach is descriptive-analytical. The findings showed that governments, in order to fulfill the changing needs and desires of their citizens, are compelled to make use of information technology to conduct reforms within the public sector and thus bring about radical changes in the way they deliver public services. Digital governance, with its tremendous power, plays an instrumental role in curtailing administrative paperwork, streamlining operations, restructuring governmental institutions, reducing the cost of governance, making governance more adaptable to changes, reducing bureaucratic corruption, enhancing public participation, increasing transparency within the government body, reducing decentralization, fortifying democratic foundations, reforming administrative and governmental bureaucracy, enhancing governance accountability, increasing efficiency and productivity, improving the quality of information and data accessibility, saving time, and enhancing the effectiveness of governance processes.The penetration and expansion of information and communication technology in all areas of human life has led to a change in the ways of communication between people and the society, the methods and procedures that the society contributes to each person in doing their work. Due to these changes, the current age is called the age of information and communication, as a result of which human communities have become scientific communities and citizens have become users of social networks. Today, the vital role of the government and government agencies in the development of the country and the well-being of citizens is obvious.The digital age has prompted many thinkers to propose various indicators of digital governance, which draw from theories and assumptions aiming to serve as the cornerstone of an efficient and user-centered system. Some experts have described e-government as the second revolution after modern government and public administration, affecting not only the methods of public service delivery but also the fundamental relationships between the government and the people. The transformation of the times also necessitates decentralizing operations, hiring subject-matter experts, outsourcing tasks to the private sector, and transforming local authorities into designers and supervisors. In addition, safeguarding the environment, strengthening the culture of citizenship, supporting various public spheres, and encouraging the private sector to reduce government ownership are some of the policies and requirements outlined in the sixth development plan. It is indispensable to carry out information acquisition, licensing, payments, and administrative and operational processes electronically, avoiding in-person procedures (Abdul Hosseinzadeh, 2019, p. 187).The Information Technology Governance Institute defines governance as "a set of responsibilities and activities carried out by the board of directors or senior managers in order to realize strategic direction, ensure the achievement of anticipated goals, manage the organization's risks, and allocate and control resources." Effective governance involves defining structures and mechanisms to ensure effective performance of responsibilities and duties, and it can lead to greater transparency and accountability in organizational functioning.In the field of digital governance, the definition of the concept is derived from the higher-level concept of governance. It can be defined as structures and mechanisms adopted by organizations in the field of digital transformation to optimize their resources and capabilities in terms of digital strategies, processes, and systems. The ultimate goal of effective digital governance is to maximize the positive impact of digital technologies on an organization's operations and service delivery, while minimizing the negative impacts (Bonet and Westerman, 2014).

The over-drilling of deep wells and the excessive exploitation of groundwater sources cause the groundwater level to decrease daily, resulting in more energy to power pumps. Artificial recharging is the injection of water into a permeable formation to recharge the groundwater aquifer and reuse it with a different regime and quality and by creating additional facilities or changes in the region's natural conditions (Fazl Avali, 1998). Placing artificial recharge systems are one of the basic principles of creating these systems. The selection of sites based on scientific and natural points plays a critical role in the success and efficiency of the development of these systems to achieve the relevant goals. This process must be undertaken with considerable care. Identifying artificial recharge areas and substrates can be accomplished using various methods and parameters. No matter the method used, the results from different studies must be analyzed jointly, and then the most appropriate area for the study must be determined. Due to the presence of various characteristics in location, continuous changes of influential factors, and the need to examine the evaluated criteria, the use of GIS due to special features and capabilities, can be beneficial to this endeavor. The multi-criteria analysis method has been mentioned as a valuable model for integrating information layers in artificial recharge. Numerous studies have been conducted to locate recharging sites for artificial recharge.
Ramalingam and Santhakumar (2002), using GIS and remote sensing techniques, investigated suitable artificial feeding areas in a state in India which considered geomorphological, geological, soil, slope, land use, runoff intensity, and groundwater depth. As part of the research conducted by Hekmatpour et al. (2007), areas of the Varamin plain that can be artificial recharge were identified through classification and layer combining in a GIS environment and using a decision support system to make decisions.

This study employs grounded theory (GT) to qualitatively explore preconditions for good governance in social media with an emphasis on accountability. The study sample consists of 20 media activists and social media managers who were selected using a theoretical or purposive sampling strategy. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants. The data collection process continued until saturation, i.e., no new pieces of information could add to the final model. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and then a paradigm model and a theoretical schema were developed based on the 15 main themes and the final theme extracted. The results indicated that the “tamed power of sovereignty” is the fruit of a set of factors such as accountability soft punch, reverse control and monitoring, popular network activism, and networked pressure groups, influenced by a set of contextual and intervening factors. What can cause public trust and social solidarity as the ultimate goal is the adoption of strategies such as normalization of accountability, good pragmatism, the networked activity of governing bodies, and institutional accountability of the government and then moving towards the establishment of an online accountability system. The theoretical schema and paradigm model proposed in this study can interpret the results more accurately.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and presenting a control model of social harms of teenagers in the use of virtual social networks. The research method was of a mixed method type, which was operationalized and implemented in two qualitative and quantitative parts. The research method in the descriptive quantitative phase was a survey type and the statistical population included all specialists in the field of communication and modern communication media who were selected to participate in the research. The data collection tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative phase. The data were analyzed in the quantitative phase using the software package for social sciences and Smart PLS. The findings of the research showed that the convergent and discriminant validity indicators indicate the desirability of the validity of the variables and the values ​​of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability indicated the accuracy of measuring the dimensions of all the variables. The estimated values ​​(factor loading, critical values ​​and significance level) indicated that the factor loadings related to the dimensions and items of all variables are in a favorable condition. In fact, the correlation of the variables with the dimensions and items related to these dimensions was high, so the convergent validity related to the dimensions of the variables at the level of the items is established. According to the results, the research model included the dimensions of mental and emotional injuries, weakening of social values, violation of sexual norms, moral injuries and changing behavioral patterns. The findings provide useful implications in the control and prevention of cyberspace harms.

This research has been done with the aim of providing a model to investigate the factors affecting water crisis information based on the teachings of the Quran. For this purpose, 21 managers, specialists and professors of communication, media, virtual space, Quranic sciences and water field were selected using theoretical targeted sampling and they were interviewed with the method of qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured in-depth interview as well as a checklist to prepare and extract relevant verses And the collection of findings continued until the theoretical saturation of information. According to the topic of the research, the questions in two dimensions include effective Quranic themes for the production of media content with the focus on preparing public opinion to be aware of the water crisis and the identification of factors affecting the desired information about the water crisis based on the teachings of the Holy Quran was presented to the audience and the findings in the study of Quranic concepts included water as the source of life, the need for it for humans, revival, abundance, nature, blessing, sustenance, reference to the capacities and capacity of water on earth, nature’s need for water, purity, etc. Based on the findings from the interviews, the effective factors on informing were categorized into two dimensions of implementation and practical strategies. Timely and appropriate repetition of the issue of water crisis through the media, use of media capabilities, content creation by taking ideas from the concept of verses related to water and developing discourses on the issue of water crisis from implementation and confidence building strategies, strengthening responsibility and collective participation, enriching the content, Initiative and creativity, etc, as the central category of the report, are among practical

Social networks are a complex platform of interactions and possibilities, the planning and management of which requires a new approach. Future research and foresight are among the new discourses that create a new perspective in the field of media management in combination with the conventional planning of social policymakers. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of presenting alternative images of the future of the virtual social network and its harms within the framework of scenario planning. In this study, the theories of Habermas, Castells, Giddens, Berger and Laman were used to better understand the subject. The present research, as an applied research, has scenarioized the future of social networks by using the interaction analysis approach. The participants in this research were 15 future experts and researchers in the field of social networks. By using the method of library studies and referring to upstream documents in the field of social networks, 32 primary influencing factors were identified. Among these 32 factors, 16 factors were selected as key factors by using MikMak software, and the basics of developing scenarios were presented to social policymakers. These scenarios were called "Paradise Lost", "In Search of Happiness", "Lost in Space" and "Purgatory". 

According to the existing definition of social media, it should be said that the expansion of these media has changed the interaction pattern of companies, brands, and reaching customers and at the same time provided unique opportunities to create brand awareness and ultimately influence people's purchasing decisions. For this reason, sites and social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, etc. have had a very important place in entrepreneurship, business, and marketing. In this sense, it should be said that marketing is not dependent on being present in the real world, while a large part of this marketing takes place in the heart of the media. The important point is that companies in this field do not limit their goals to geographical frameworks and have an opinion on a wider space that the media have made possible with their trans-spatial features. For this reason, it is important to discover and analyze the ways of managing and implementing marketing through the media by different companies and organizations. In fact, knowing their processes requires a deep investigation. For this reason, an attempt was made in this research to analyze the dynamics and internal processes governing them by focusing on the category of marketing and expanding this concept to the media space besides answering the question of what processes in the profit-oriented environment of media prevail and organize and direct social media marketing.

According to its purpose, this research used qualitative methodology and the strategy of grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach. Besides, theoretical sampling was used and continued until theoretical saturation so as to obtain the final theory. Theoretical saturation was achieved after in-depth interviews with 15 marketing managers of companies and business owners in social networks. The data collected in this research were analyzed by using the 3 stages of open, central, and selective coding in a timely and coherent process. During this research, it was tried to pay attention to ethical considerations, such as detailed explanation of the research objective, method of publishing the results, participants’ informed consent, respect for privacy, and maintenance of anonymity and confidentiality. Reliability of the research findings was achieved by using strategies, such as long-term participation in the research field, member review, colleague review, and rich description. The research reliability was confirmed by following the principles and points of the interviews, as well as accurate recording of the events and their implementations.

The results of this research were presented in the forms of 11 main categories and 1 core category along with a paradigm model, story line, and theoretical model. The findings indicated that "transnational market development" as the final phenomenon was the center of gravity for marketing activities through social media. This phenomenon included both economic dynamics within the companies and social relations between the companies and customers. The possibility of considering network markets in this article was based on the efforts of the companies to distribute products and not limit their customers to a single geographical location, which required using social media for introducing their products. Building this type of market in the heart of social networks always requires strategies that will bring up results after applying those strategies. Finally, it should be stated that profit-based motives that companies and businesses try to achieve through media marketing cause the dynamics governing the network market. In this sense, it should be said that their actions and reactions are purposefully focused on profit. These goal-oriented rational actions exist in all stages including assessment of social needs, production, advertisement, distribution, competition, branding, and social interactions with customers.

The aim of the current research was to analyze the growth contexts of social hope in the national media. This qualitative research used a grounded theory (GT) method. The target population was the managers of the country's national media and provincial networks (Tehran and Ilam), using theoretical and purposive sampling, 21 of them were selected for in-depth interviews, and the sampling process continued until the complete information saturation stage. After converting the data into text, they were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding, the results of which were presented in the form of 12 main categories and 1 core category along with the story line and paradigm model. The obtained results showed that "media-oriented social hope" as the central phenomenon of the research follows a set of causal conditions, including specialized functions in the media, qualitative development of programs, redefining happiness in the media, expanding social awareness, providing a common understanding of goals. , supporting families is built along with a set of contextual and intervening conditions. The built social hope carries strategies such as reconstruction actions by the national media and brings consequences such as development and confidence creating and individual growth and development. The paradigm model and story line provide a better understanding of the above results.

Today, living in the age of media and information, human beings are exposed to all kinds of seemingly real news and information, the rumored nature of which is hidden from the view. In the face of such unreliable news, people often republish it in virtual and real spaces, which can lead to a significant security, economic and social damage. Therefore, the present study is conducted with the aim of more deeply identifying users' strategies in the face of news and especially rumors in the virtual space and the process of reducing rumor-making and rumor-mongering with a qualitative approach and Strauss and Corbin's field theory method. Based on theoretical and purposive sampling, 24 young Yazdians active in cyberspace, including 12 men and 12 women, participated in the research and their narratives were analyzed. The data collection process was performed simultaneously with their analysis in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Findings show the central phenomenon of dualism of trust in news sources, whether national, non-national or virtual. News were tracked from credible sources whereas credible and rumor contents were measured accordingly. Eventually, due to the timeliness of rumors and media literacy training, there was high probability of discrediting. The mentioned strategies, such as the temporary reduction of rumor mongers' visits were found to silence rumors.

In line with the increasing developments in the field of media and especially with the dominance of social networks, attitudes and social life have also changed. The collection of these developments has challenged traditional tools and media and highlighted the need to adopt transformational approaches and approaches appropriate to the current social situation. For example, the pulpit, as a traditional media network that has social, cultural and especially political functions, faces challenges with the epidemic of virtual networks and structural and behavioral changes in Iranian society. Is. Considering the institutional and functional importance of the pulpit in the political and social field of Iran today, the present study has explained and approached the pulpit media approach in contemporary times. For this purpose, using the research process method, to analyze the discourses produced by two contemporary pulpits, including Mohsen Gharaati and Naser Rafiei, and to examine the approach of persuasion applications, methods of generating motivation and their audience has done. The results showed that political discourses, social ethics as well as narrative applications are the most important persuasive and motivational applications and the youth spectrum considered as the most prominent examples of rhetoric. From an epistemological point of view, given the generational changes in the youth spectrum and the dominance of social networks, it seems that the persuasive and motivational uses of the pulpits need serious consideration.