فهرست مطالب حسین اسلامی

Thermogels, having unique sol-gel phase transition properties, have recently received much attention. These types of hydrogels show a phase transition when exposed to temperature changes. This feature is the key to the application of thermogels in medicine. The thermogelling behavior is the result of a combination of multiple heat response mechanisms. These mechanisms include the behavior of the lowest critical temperature of the solution, micellization and micellar aggregation of thermogel-forming polymers. Thermogels have wide applications in medical engineering and especially in tissue engineering. Injectability is one of the most important properties of thermogels for use in tissue engineering, which induces high compatibility, easy loading of cells and growth factors, and help in tissue regeneration to these hydrogels. In recent years, the use of thermogels in drug delivery and the study of thermogel drug delivery systems have become very common. Thermogels can deliver the drug to the desired location in a targeted manner and increase the life of the drug by protecting the drug in the body. Thermogels have also been considered as a suitable cell culture medium in various researches due to their three-dimensional porous structure. In addition, these materials have been used as self-cleaning membranes due to their ability to reduce fibrous encapsulation and facilitate analyte diffusion in biosensors. In this article, an attempt was made to review the research conducted in the field of functional mechanisms of thermogels and the progress achieved in this field. In the following, with a practical attitude, the research conducted in the field of using thermogels in medical engineering, such as use in drug delivery, tissue engineering, 3D culture of cells/stem cells, and membranes and sensors, was examined.

The necessity of water for survival is not hidden to anyone, but there is still no clear and systematic way to think about the value of water. The connection between poverty and lack of water is quite clear, so that poverty is prevalent mainly in water-scarce areas and can lead to conflicts; Social and economic development is completely tied to water, and the fact is that Iran is clearly facing a water crisis.This article seeks to harness the capacity of the media in general and new forms of water-related journalism in particular to promote citizens' water literacy. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in an interpretive paradigm based on qualitative methodology and using the data theory method of the Strauss and Corbin Systematic Approach Foundation, through theoretical sampling with experts in the fields of water, media, social sciences and communications, 31 in-depth interviews. The main phenomenon of this research was considered to be the promotion of water literacy. By analyzing the data, causal conditions (31 concepts), Underlying factors (cultural conditions, political and social conditions, media diversity, geographical conditions, economic conditions), intervening factors (role of professional journalists, independence of journalists, politicization of the press, ambiguous future of Iranian journalism) and strategies (media interaction, industry interaction, educational institutions, academia and media, press pathology, social capital promotion, audience sociology, confidence building, gatekeeper democracy, technological convergence and journalism, contiguous content, establishment of newspaper association Water writers, agile media interaction, and the creation of water journalism in schools, educational institutions, and universities) obtained in three coding steps.

The spread of the media in the present age and the influence on all political, social and personal dimensions of human life has made the need for a media to guide human beings to true perfection more and more felt, which is referred to as "monotheistic media" and in this regard religion Islam, as the last and most complete divine religion, has instructions; For example, in verse 125 of Surah An-Nahl, in connection with the monotheistic media, he has stated the method of propagating and inviting the truth with the three methods of wisdom, good preaching and good debate. In other words, one of the most central methods of combating Western media domination is to call for the rights and guidance of human beings. In fact, the media has a mission to address issues such as religiosity and religious values, the call to truth, guidance and religious identity. In this research, which is organized by documentary method and content analysis of verse 125 of Surah An-Nahl, the content of the monotheistic media has been studied and the capabilities of this media in the field of religion and strengthening the religiosity of individuals have been explained. Accordingly, the condition for the success of the monotheistic media is the use of strong and convincing reasoning along with good preaching. In fact, persuading the audience in human guidance is very important and should be given more attention in the monotheistic media.

Social networks and modern media challenge the traditional media by constantly generating identity policies and distributing a form of active autonomy, and force its level of influence and believers to reconsider. Meanwhile, the pulpit, as one of the most traditional and political communication networks in Iran, has also challenged by the growing dominance of social media. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has conducted a comparative survey of young people and officials about the structures of unconvincing pulpits in Iran. Accordingly, by compiling a researcher-made questionnaire, the opinions of 420 young people in Tehran and 30 active pulpits in the mosques of this city about the impact of the five structural issues of market economy, politics, ethics, religious autonomy and society. Modernity has studied on the unconvincingness of the pulpits. The results show that the most important structure in the formation of the pulpit's dissatisfaction from point of view is the inappropriate performance of officials and from the pulpit's point of view, the most important structure for the formation of the pulpit's satiety is the problems of the modern world. Hence, it seems that the phenomenon of pulpit persuasion in Iran is one of the examples that has disrupted the dynamic and two-way relationship between public culture and official culture.

The present-day governance environment in the global arena has been impacted by social networks and the unique aspects of the era of the network society, leading to fundamental changes. These changes have transformed the governance environment "in", "on", and "through" social networks and made them an obvious and inevitable part of the picture. Therefore, this article aims to provide an effective and viable model for playing an authoritative role in the future of cyber operations at the international level. This will enable participants to take part in shaping the global cyber landscape. The objective of creating a desirable model for digital governance in the network society era has been outlined. By observing relevant documents and conducting library studies, methods used by other countries in this area have been obtained for the expansion and development of domestic and international governance. The two approaches of "open governance" and "control governance" have been examined and discussed, including the effects of adopting each approach and how they may impact international relations.The results of the current study demonstrate that though some might believe that open governance is the predominant approach in international arenas, a combination of both open and control governance based on the system of societal issues has a significant impact on cyber governance practices. Consequently, the ideal model of digital governance is a flexible authoritarian approach based on the system of issues that nations should adopt in both domestic and international arenas.The concepts of "digital governance" and "networked society" are two fundamental areas that constitute the new ecosystem and can be examined from multiple perspectives. The theory of network society, coined by Manuel Castells, presents a macro-level view of the characteristics of the current era, emerging as a new theory after the information society. The aforementioned theory can offer insights into the new age's characteristics.According to Castells, the transition to the network society is characterized by the polarization of international economic structures and societies, the transformation of work and employment, the evolution of media and audiences, the change of the material foundations of culture (the space of flows and timeless time), and the breakdown of the societal fabric. It is notable that the logic of the digital governance and network society areas are distinct, leading to contrasting identities. Ultimately, these identities exist on opposite ends of the spectrum, emphasizing the diverse nature of the network society.Furthermore, digital governance, as a significant aspect impacting global developments, has emerged as an all-encompassing framework for reforms within various governance domains. The digitization process will facilitate seamless cooperation between the public and private sectors, paving the way for effective digital governance, particularly through the reforming of public sector bills.Additionally, several experts assert that governments need to become more efficient and productive, engage in closer collaboration with stakeholders from diverse sectors, and leverage data to inform decision-making through the creation of evidence-based policies. Governments must also enhance transparency and accountability and respond to the evolving relationship between government and citizens by enhancing citizen participation through the implementation of public services or other measures. These concepts have led to the development of digital governance. However, the advancement of public sector improvements within Iran has been comparatively sluggish.The widespread usage of information and communication technologies in day-to-day life, as well as the increasing penetration of these technologies among households in the last few decades, have resulted in a significant amount of information generated about individuals, groups, and societies. In order to enhance their governance indicators, governments have no choice but to access, process, and make use of this information while managing and governing their communities. Consequently, the purpose of the current research is to review governance in the digital age and the research approach is descriptive-analytical. The findings showed that governments, in order to fulfill the changing needs and desires of their citizens, are compelled to make use of information technology to conduct reforms within the public sector and thus bring about radical changes in the way they deliver public services. Digital governance, with its tremendous power, plays an instrumental role in curtailing administrative paperwork, streamlining operations, restructuring governmental institutions, reducing the cost of governance, making governance more adaptable to changes, reducing bureaucratic corruption, enhancing public participation, increasing transparency within the government body, reducing decentralization, fortifying democratic foundations, reforming administrative and governmental bureaucracy, enhancing governance accountability, increasing efficiency and productivity, improving the quality of information and data accessibility, saving time, and enhancing the effectiveness of governance processes.The penetration and expansion of information and communication technology in all areas of human life has led to a change in the ways of communication between people and the society, the methods and procedures that the society contributes to each person in doing their work. Due to these changes, the current age is called the age of information and communication, as a result of which human communities have become scientific communities and citizens have become users of social networks. Today, the vital role of the government and government agencies in the development of the country and the well-being of citizens is obvious.The digital age has prompted many thinkers to propose various indicators of digital governance, which draw from theories and assumptions aiming to serve as the cornerstone of an efficient and user-centered system. Some experts have described e-government as the second revolution after modern government and public administration, affecting not only the methods of public service delivery but also the fundamental relationships between the government and the people. The transformation of the times also necessitates decentralizing operations, hiring subject-matter experts, outsourcing tasks to the private sector, and transforming local authorities into designers and supervisors. In addition, safeguarding the environment, strengthening the culture of citizenship, supporting various public spheres, and encouraging the private sector to reduce government ownership are some of the policies and requirements outlined in the sixth development plan. It is indispensable to carry out information acquisition, licensing, payments, and administrative and operational processes electronically, avoiding in-person procedures (Abdul Hosseinzadeh, 2019, p. 187).The Information Technology Governance Institute defines governance as "a set of responsibilities and activities carried out by the board of directors or senior managers in order to realize strategic direction, ensure the achievement of anticipated goals, manage the organization's risks, and allocate and control resources." Effective governance involves defining structures and mechanisms to ensure effective performance of responsibilities and duties, and it can lead to greater transparency and accountability in organizational functioning.In the field of digital governance, the definition of the concept is derived from the higher-level concept of governance. It can be defined as structures and mechanisms adopted by organizations in the field of digital transformation to optimize their resources and capabilities in terms of digital strategies, processes, and systems. The ultimate goal of effective digital governance is to maximize the positive impact of digital technologies on an organization's operations and service delivery, while minimizing the negative impacts (Bonet and Westerman, 2014).

The over-drilling of deep wells and the excessive exploitation of groundwater sources cause the groundwater level to decrease daily, resulting in more energy to power pumps. Artificial recharging is the injection of water into a permeable formation to recharge the groundwater aquifer and reuse it with a different regime and quality and by creating additional facilities or changes in the region's natural conditions (Fazl Avali, 1998). Placing artificial recharge systems are one of the basic principles of creating these systems. The selection of sites based on scientific and natural points plays a critical role in the success and efficiency of the development of these systems to achieve the relevant goals. This process must be undertaken with considerable care. Identifying artificial recharge areas and substrates can be accomplished using various methods and parameters. No matter the method used, the results from different studies must be analyzed jointly, and then the most appropriate area for the study must be determined. Due to the presence of various characteristics in location, continuous changes of influential factors, and the need to examine the evaluated criteria, the use of GIS due to special features and capabilities, can be beneficial to this endeavor. The multi-criteria analysis method has been mentioned as a valuable model for integrating information layers in artificial recharge. Numerous studies have been conducted to locate recharging sites for artificial recharge.
Ramalingam and Santhakumar (2002), using GIS and remote sensing techniques, investigated suitable artificial feeding areas in a state in India which considered geomorphological, geological, soil, slope, land use, runoff intensity, and groundwater depth. As part of the research conducted by Hekmatpour et al. (2007), areas of the Varamin plain that can be artificial recharge were identified through classification and layer combining in a GIS environment and using a decision support system to make decisions.

This study employs grounded theory (GT) to qualitatively explore preconditions for good governance in social media with an emphasis on accountability. The study sample consists of 20 media activists and social media managers who were selected using a theoretical or purposive sampling strategy. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants. The data collection process continued until saturation, i.e., no new pieces of information could add to the final model. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and then a paradigm model and a theoretical schema were developed based on the 15 main themes and the final theme extracted. The results indicated that the “tamed power of sovereignty” is the fruit of a set of factors such as accountability soft punch, reverse control and monitoring, popular network activism, and networked pressure groups, influenced by a set of contextual and intervening factors. What can cause public trust and social solidarity as the ultimate goal is the adoption of strategies such as normalization of accountability, good pragmatism, the networked activity of governing bodies, and institutional accountability of the government and then moving towards the establishment of an online accountability system. The theoretical schema and paradigm model proposed in this study can interpret the results more accurately.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and presenting a control model of social harms of teenagers in the use of virtual social networks. The research method was of a mixed method type, which was operationalized and implemented in two qualitative and quantitative parts. The research method in the descriptive quantitative phase was a survey type and the statistical population included all specialists in the field of communication and modern communication media who were selected to participate in the research. The data collection tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative phase. The data were analyzed in the quantitative phase using the software package for social sciences and Smart PLS. The findings of the research showed that the convergent and discriminant validity indicators indicate the desirability of the validity of the variables and the values ​​of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability indicated the accuracy of measuring the dimensions of all the variables. The estimated values ​​(factor loading, critical values ​​and significance level) indicated that the factor loadings related to the dimensions and items of all variables are in a favorable condition. In fact, the correlation of the variables with the dimensions and items related to these dimensions was high, so the convergent validity related to the dimensions of the variables at the level of the items is established. According to the results, the research model included the dimensions of mental and emotional injuries, weakening of social values, violation of sexual norms, moral injuries and changing behavioral patterns. The findings provide useful implications in the control and prevention of cyberspace harms.

This research has been done with the aim of providing a model to investigate the factors affecting water crisis information based on the teachings of the Quran. For this purpose, 21 managers, specialists and professors of communication, media, virtual space, Quranic sciences and water field were selected using theoretical targeted sampling and they were interviewed with the method of qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured in-depth interview as well as a checklist to prepare and extract relevant verses And the collection of findings continued until the theoretical saturation of information. According to the topic of the research, the questions in two dimensions include effective Quranic themes for the production of media content with the focus on preparing public opinion to be aware of the water crisis and the identification of factors affecting the desired information about the water crisis based on the teachings of the Holy Quran was presented to the audience and the findings in the study of Quranic concepts included water as the source of life, the need for it for humans, revival, abundance, nature, blessing, sustenance, reference to the capacities and capacity of water on earth, nature’s need for water, purity, etc. Based on the findings from the interviews, the effective factors on informing were categorized into two dimensions of implementation and practical strategies. Timely and appropriate repetition of the issue of water crisis through the media, use of media capabilities, content creation by taking ideas from the concept of verses related to water and developing discourses on the issue of water crisis from implementation and confidence building strategies, strengthening responsibility and collective participation, enriching the content, Initiative and creativity, etc, as the central category of the report, are among practical

Social networks are a complex platform of interactions and possibilities, the planning and management of which requires a new approach. Future research and foresight are among the new discourses that create a new perspective in the field of media management in combination with the conventional planning of social policymakers. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of presenting alternative images of the future of the virtual social network and its harms within the framework of scenario planning. In this study, the theories of Habermas, Castells, Giddens, Berger and Laman were used to better understand the subject. The present research, as an applied research, has scenarioized the future of social networks by using the interaction analysis approach. The participants in this research were 15 future experts and researchers in the field of social networks. By using the method of library studies and referring to upstream documents in the field of social networks, 32 primary influencing factors were identified. Among these 32 factors, 16 factors were selected as key factors by using MikMak software, and the basics of developing scenarios were presented to social policymakers. These scenarios were called "Paradise Lost", "In Search of Happiness", "Lost in Space" and "Purgatory". 

According to the existing definition of social media, it should be said that the expansion of these media has changed the interaction pattern of companies, brands, and reaching customers and at the same time provided unique opportunities to create brand awareness and ultimately influence people's purchasing decisions. For this reason, sites and social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, etc. have had a very important place in entrepreneurship, business, and marketing. In this sense, it should be said that marketing is not dependent on being present in the real world, while a large part of this marketing takes place in the heart of the media. The important point is that companies in this field do not limit their goals to geographical frameworks and have an opinion on a wider space that the media have made possible with their trans-spatial features. For this reason, it is important to discover and analyze the ways of managing and implementing marketing through the media by different companies and organizations. In fact, knowing their processes requires a deep investigation. For this reason, an attempt was made in this research to analyze the dynamics and internal processes governing them by focusing on the category of marketing and expanding this concept to the media space besides answering the question of what processes in the profit-oriented environment of media prevail and organize and direct social media marketing.

According to its purpose, this research used qualitative methodology and the strategy of grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach. Besides, theoretical sampling was used and continued until theoretical saturation so as to obtain the final theory. Theoretical saturation was achieved after in-depth interviews with 15 marketing managers of companies and business owners in social networks. The data collected in this research were analyzed by using the 3 stages of open, central, and selective coding in a timely and coherent process. During this research, it was tried to pay attention to ethical considerations, such as detailed explanation of the research objective, method of publishing the results, participants’ informed consent, respect for privacy, and maintenance of anonymity and confidentiality. Reliability of the research findings was achieved by using strategies, such as long-term participation in the research field, member review, colleague review, and rich description. The research reliability was confirmed by following the principles and points of the interviews, as well as accurate recording of the events and their implementations.

The results of this research were presented in the forms of 11 main categories and 1 core category along with a paradigm model, story line, and theoretical model. The findings indicated that "transnational market development" as the final phenomenon was the center of gravity for marketing activities through social media. This phenomenon included both economic dynamics within the companies and social relations between the companies and customers. The possibility of considering network markets in this article was based on the efforts of the companies to distribute products and not limit their customers to a single geographical location, which required using social media for introducing their products. Building this type of market in the heart of social networks always requires strategies that will bring up results after applying those strategies. Finally, it should be stated that profit-based motives that companies and businesses try to achieve through media marketing cause the dynamics governing the network market. In this sense, it should be said that their actions and reactions are purposefully focused on profit. These goal-oriented rational actions exist in all stages including assessment of social needs, production, advertisement, distribution, competition, branding, and social interactions with customers.

The aim of the current research was to analyze the growth contexts of social hope in the national media. This qualitative research used a grounded theory (GT) method. The target population was the managers of the country's national media and provincial networks (Tehran and Ilam), using theoretical and purposive sampling, 21 of them were selected for in-depth interviews, and the sampling process continued until the complete information saturation stage. After converting the data into text, they were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding, the results of which were presented in the form of 12 main categories and 1 core category along with the story line and paradigm model. The obtained results showed that "media-oriented social hope" as the central phenomenon of the research follows a set of causal conditions, including specialized functions in the media, qualitative development of programs, redefining happiness in the media, expanding social awareness, providing a common understanding of goals. , supporting families is built along with a set of contextual and intervening conditions. The built social hope carries strategies such as reconstruction actions by the national media and brings consequences such as development and confidence creating and individual growth and development. The paradigm model and story line provide a better understanding of the above results.

Today, living in the age of media and information, human beings are exposed to all kinds of seemingly real news and information, the rumored nature of which is hidden from the view. In the face of such unreliable news, people often republish it in virtual and real spaces, which can lead to a significant security, economic and social damage. Therefore, the present study is conducted with the aim of more deeply identifying users' strategies in the face of news and especially rumors in the virtual space and the process of reducing rumor-making and rumor-mongering with a qualitative approach and Strauss and Corbin's field theory method. Based on theoretical and purposive sampling, 24 young Yazdians active in cyberspace, including 12 men and 12 women, participated in the research and their narratives were analyzed. The data collection process was performed simultaneously with their analysis in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Findings show the central phenomenon of dualism of trust in news sources, whether national, non-national or virtual. News were tracked from credible sources whereas credible and rumor contents were measured accordingly. Eventually, due to the timeliness of rumors and media literacy training, there was high probability of discrediting. The mentioned strategies, such as the temporary reduction of rumor mongers' visits were found to silence rumors.

In line with the increasing developments in the field of media and especially with the dominance of social networks, attitudes and social life have also changed. The collection of these developments has challenged traditional tools and media and highlighted the need to adopt transformational approaches and approaches appropriate to the current social situation. For example, the pulpit, as a traditional media network that has social, cultural and especially political functions, faces challenges with the epidemic of virtual networks and structural and behavioral changes in Iranian society. Is. Considering the institutional and functional importance of the pulpit in the political and social field of Iran today, the present study has explained and approached the pulpit media approach in contemporary times. For this purpose, using the research process method, to analyze the discourses produced by two contemporary pulpits, including Mohsen Gharaati and Naser Rafiei, and to examine the approach of persuasion applications, methods of generating motivation and their audience has done. The results showed that political discourses, social ethics as well as narrative applications are the most important persuasive and motivational applications and the youth spectrum considered as the most prominent examples of rhetoric. From an epistemological point of view, given the generational changes in the youth spectrum and the dominance of social networks, it seems that the persuasive and motivational uses of the pulpits need serious consideration.

Rumor and its impact on human social life has always been important. In recent years, with the expansion of cyberspace, the conditions for spreading rumors have been facilitated. This study has analyzed the narrative of the Yazdian youth from the prevalence of rumors in cyberspace. This study was a qualitative research was performed according to grounded theory. The participants was the youth of Yazd, 24 of them were purposefully selected and studied through interviews, and open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze them. Based on interviews with young people, 43 concepts, 20 first categories, 14 second categories, 5 core categories (rumor prevalence, rumor belief, rumor credibility, rumor enhancement and rumor attenuation) and the phenomenon of "The razor's edge of the news malfunction in cyberspace" are constructed. It turned out that shows paradoxical space and so-called two edges of function and malfunction information in cyberspace. The results showed the negative view of young people on cyberspace and news published in this context, and the best way to reduce the impact of rumors and their dissemination is to inform and promote media literacy of the audience.

The present study investigates the contexts and processes of media literacy model formation for high school students.

This research employed the qualitative method of grounded theory. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful through which 21 teachers and education activists were selected for in-depth interviews. The theoretical sampling process continued until the data reached saturation. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Line by line analysis was used at the open coding stage, followed by concepts development and abstract representation at the axial and selective coding stages.

Based on the findings, the construct of “education-oriented media literacy” was selected as the final core category, and based on the paradigm model, "taste of reality" was considered as a concept that students would understand after gaining the media knowledge. The taste of reality reveals itself to the students as the consequence of the whole process of learning media literacy. This result is achieved by applying the media knowledge to understand the facts underlying the media data. The taste of reality is mainly constructed as the result of factors such as employing qualified teachers, teaching media literacy in schools, forming participation-oriented classes in the new geometric space, and updating the content of the media literacy courses as well as a set of contextual intervening factors. In addition to creating tastes of reality, the education system helps the students understand the existing reality more easily by employing strategies, such as the use of up-to-date methods in teaching the media literacy, directing the lives of the student networks, and controlling and monitoring the discourse over the media. The outcome of applying the above strategies for the media literacy education system and understanding the reality will be the formation of a critical thinking and a critical view among the students towards the media and various information in them.

Media literacy is the result of the interaction between thr higher management and policy levels, middle executive levels and lower individual levels. These three levels interact with each other continuously in a system to shape the education-oriented media literacy. The end result of interaction within the system is the construction of education-oriented media literacy, and the overall outcome and feedback, which indicates the proper and positive functioning of the system, delicately reveals its taste of social reality to the students.

To achieve proper production in agricultural products, it is necessary to find suitable cultivation areas in terms of climate, geography and other parameters involved in growth and production. In this research, the possibility of cultivation and zoning of safflower susceptible areas in Dez basin has been investigated. For this purpose, water, soil, air and physiological information of the plant through library resources and opinions of experts of Khuzestan Agricultural Jihad Organization have been used for the study classification. Then, the effect of each factor on safflower yield was determined using AHP method. In order to locate and zoning the potential points of cultivation in the study area, the ordinary kriging model in GIS software environment was used. The results of data processing showed that 3% of the basin lands are in the appropriate range and 70% are in the medium range suitable for safflower cultivation.

Today, the Iranian government is in greater need of tax revenues due to economic sanctions and declining sales of underground resources. But tax evasion and tax evasion is one of the obstacles that has challenged most countries, including Iran, in collecting real taxes. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the state of taxation and taxation and the factors that play a role in its occurrence, with a qualitative approach and the method of grounded theory. In this way, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 financial managers of large manufacturing companies and 7 experts of the General Department of Taxation of Yazd Province. Simultaneously with data collection, their analysis was followed through three processes of open, axial and selective coding. The results of this study show that the tax staff and taxpayers have become alienated from the ideal tax and voluntary taxation at the theoretical and practical level. As a result of their actions and other conditions, the credibility of the organization and the value and meaning of taxation are questioned and the inverse tax-inverse taxation inversion is represented. But through strategies such as culture-building at the objective and mental levels, we can see the deconstruction of the organization's credibility and the taxpayers' trust and motivation for voluntary and committed taxation.

The present study aimed to offer a model to gain sustainable competitive advantage on the basis of positive psychological capital. The approach in the study is a mix of quantitative and qualitative with a pragmatic paradigm approach. From purpose view, it is an applied research and the method selected for the study is descriptive survey. Participant of the survey were managers and elites of National Iranian Petrochemical Company (NIPC) and some other companies active in petrochemical industry and were selected using nonrandom sampling method. In qualitative section of the study, data collected from semi-structured interviews with 17 elites in the industry were analyzed, using qualitative content analysis method in AtlasTi.8, and all conceptual model and concepts were extracted. In quantitative section, data were collected using questionnaires and the final research model was evaluated and prepared using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. SEM results in AMOS26 software showed that positive psychological capital affects sustainable competitive advantage through direct and indirect impact on other variables, as social capital, human capital, intellectual capital, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), knowledge management and innovative work behavior. So, to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, positive psychological capital plays the pivotal role comparing other human resource capitals. Social capital is the second most important variable in this regard. The study findings include different indices and factors effective in achieving sustainable competitive advantage and present of an optimized model to reach sustainable competitive advantage on the basis of positive psychological capital in NIPC.

As a source of government revenue for the provision of various social, welfare, and cultural services, taxes have a long history. With regard to their role in the economic and social developments of societies despite the lack of desirable and a voluntary tax payment behavior, it is necessary to identify the social contexts of tax payment so as to encourage trust and public participation in this process. Thus, this study aimed to explore the social contexts for tax payment behavior and identify the conditions and factors that play a role in increasing or decreasing public trust and participation in it.  

To meet the purpose of the research and achieve a deep understanding of the social context concerning this issue, an interpretive paradigm and qualitative approach was employed based on the grounded theory. The theoretical purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The financial managers of production companies in Yazd Province in Iran, who had lived experiences of the context and consented to participate in this research, were selected as the target community. 13 managers with different ages and work and management experiences participated in the study. The data obtained from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed as soon as they were collected so as to reveal the relevant ambiguous and sensitive points and obtain the final theory; thus, the researcher could pay more attention to them in the subsequent interviews. Sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. At the open coding stage, the text was analyzed line by line (sometimes word by word) and the annotations and additional explanations were written as comments in the Microsoft Word file in the margins of the interview text and the attached concepts. In the next stage, the obtained concepts and subcategories were reduced to the main categories and the core category was constructed in relation to the main categories and subcategories obtained from the previous two stages based on a fixed comparison technique. Finally, to show the structure and process of the discovery and construction of the core category, a paradigm model was drawn up, which consisted of 5 sections: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, axial phenomenon, strategies, and consequences. Throughout the process, we adhered to the ethics and scientific principles by maintaining confidentiality of the information and using nicknames for the participants, besides observing other ethical considerations, such as participant’s consent and non-manipulation of data. 

The research findings indicated 29 main categories and one core category entitled "tax value inversion". Based on this paradigm model, the evidence from the participants' narratives and theoretical design of the research was presented. The research results demonstrated the formation of axial phenomenon called "tax evasion/compulsory taxation". In this way, the actors were faced by a situation that involved coercion and mutual distrust, especially institutional distrust. Accordingly, they were reluctant to pay taxes and even avoided paying them. They made various justifications and excuses to legitimize their tax evasion, resulting in the reduced amount of the paid taxes. However, once they failed in their tax evasion, they were forced by the tax officers to pay them. In general, it could be said that a number of micro and especially macro factors played a role in directing either a voluntary or evasive tax behavior. Both cultural factors, such as a weak tax culture, taxpayers' misconceptions of the tax system functions, and their intentions, and structural and macro factors, including political, economic, and social conditions, played roles in the voluntary or odd taxpayers' performance. For example, the results indicated that economic anomalies, self-interpretation of laws, lack of transparency of tax laws, and structural corruption played significant roles in the taxpayers' increased dissatisfaction and tendencies to evade taxes. Also, it could be said that one of the excuses and justifications made by the actors and taxpayers for tax evasion was a kind of covert protest against the structural conditions of the society, such as political distrust, social despair in improving the situation, expanded injustice, and lack of transparency in taxation and economy. In fact, taxation has lost its value and meaning and become as an anti-value in tandem with the improper structural conditions of the society, economy, and culture. All these have led to collective/national disorder, reproduction of anomic distrust, and very little development in tax systems.

When it comes to climate change, the first emphasis should be detecting these changes in high mountainous regions, since they will have a direct impact on water supplies in the major stems. In the Behesht Abad and Koohrang zones of Iran's central Zagros mountains, one of the country's highest mountain ranges, the influence of climate change on snow-rain phase separation in the future is investigated. Because of the Karun River's varied exploitation, understanding how it will evolve in the future and under the effect of climate change is critical. The aim of the research is to determine the consequences of climate change on precipitation in the region, particularly in terms of future changes in snow and rain phases.

For this, the research region's precipitation, temperature, and precipitation type data from 1985 to 2018 were used. For the three scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, the National Center for Environmental Protection's (NCEP) atmospheric reanalysis data and the CanESM2 model were used to forecast future climate change. Furthermore, the downscaling was done using the SDSM5.3 model. To find data patterns, the classic and modified Mann-Kendall tests were performed. Fixed temperature approaches, the UBC watershed model, the USCE model, and Kienzel's suggested method were utilized to separate the precipitation phase.

To separate the precipitation phase throughout the fundamental period, observational reports were examined, and the approaches Kienzle and USCE gave satisfactory results. Climate change will also produce major changes in the precipitation temperature distribution in the examined mountain region in the future, according to the findings of this study. Also, a significant portion of the influence of climate change on the snow and rain phases. The modifications are done in such a way that rainfall will rise at higher temperatures and decrease at lower temperatures in the prediction period (2026-2060) compared to the observation period (1985-2018). The greatest total rainfall recorded at Shahrekord station during the observation period was 5.7 ° C, which has fallen to 0 ° C in the projected period. The temperature range of precipitation at this station was -10 to +18 degrees Celsius during the observation period, and will climb to an average of -10 to +24 degrees Celsius for all three scenarios over the forecast period. The range of precipitation in the future and measurements at Koohrang station is essentially the same, but climate change has produced a rapid shift in the amount of precipitation in this temperature range. Over example, during the 34-year observation period, the greatest rainfall that occurred at a temperature of 1.6 ° C was a total of 5700 mm, which was reduced to -1.6 ° C and a value of 3700 mm owing to climate change for the next 34 years.The highest limit of the precipitation range at Boroojen station has increased from +18 ° C in the historical era to +24 °C in the anticipated period as a result of the modifications.

The results of the trend test on the predicted data demonstrate that it is present in the monthly rainfall in the study stations in a substantial way. The temperature distribution of precipitation varies as a result of these changes, which are caused by the impacts of climate change on the study region.

Media literacy can be considered as strengthening media experiences. The media has a great impact on the health of people, including children. However, so far this issue has been understudied and scientific evidence is needed to make a decision.This study aimed to investigate roles of students’ media literacy on their health.

This study is a literature review with systematic search. Different electronic databases were used for a comprehensive literature search, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE to identify the records that match the mentioned inclusion criteria published from Januray 1st of 1990 to December 2020. The search resulted in 32 articles, of which 22 articles were removed (3 were not available, 12 were irrelevant, 7 were duplicates). Ten articles met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Exclusion criteria were those not published in peer reviewed journals, articles that address only one of the topics of media literacy or student health, and the age group of the subjects was over 18 years old or the students were not studied in primary and high school.

This study showed that media literacy is effective on students' behaviors. These behaviors promote health or high-risk behaviors.  the main studies have been conducted on nutrition, obesity, health tips, smoking, drug addiction and alcohol consumption.

It is concluded   that the media has a great role in the health of students and this issue has been proven in previous studies. These effects both improve students' health and increase risky behaviors. Therefore, there is enough evidence for managers to decide to launch.