حسین تقی پور

The trapezoidal shape of composite corrugated cores has made it possible to increase their resistance against destruction. In this article, the effect of changing the geometric parameters of trapezoidal core edge angle and fiber angle in the porcelain layer of sandwich panels under quasi-static compressive loading has been studied. In the construction of composite panels used a combination of glass and metal fibers. The angle of the edges of the core is 46, 52, and 58 degrees, and the angle of the fibers in the porcelain layer is 30, 60, and 90 degrees are chosen. The absorbed energy and maximum force in the form of destruction samples were discussed after the quasi-static compression test. The results have shown that increasing the fiber angle from 30 to 90 degrees can increase the maximum force by 123% and energy absorption by 260%. The mechanism of plastic deformation of metal fibers and breakage of glass fibers in the area of plastic hinge formation at the edges of the core are the main mechanisms of destruction, and no delamination was seen in the plates. Also, the separation of the core from the top of the composite was not observed in the panel due to the high adhesion of the core and the tops of the plates, which indicates the high quality of these panels.

In this article, the mechanical properties of biocomposites reinforced with kenaf fibers/nanographene in the field of polypropylene with the addition of PP-G-MA compatibilizer have been investigated. Response surface method (RSM) with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) has been used to investigate and present a mathematical model for the behavior of biocomposite according to the parameters of weight percentage of Kenaf fibers, nanographene, and PP-G-MA. The behavior of the samples was analyzed under tensile, bending, and impact tests, and the results were confirmed using FE-SEM images. The failure surface of the samples showed that the main mechanism in improving the behavior of the introduced biocomposite is the failure of the fibers and their separation along with the stretching of the fibers from the base material. The multi-objective optimization process was performed using two methods metaheuristic and utility function. Optimization was carried out to increase flexural strength, impact resistance, and tensile strength while simultaneously reducing the weight of the specimens. The weight percentages of fibers, nanoparticles, and compatibilizer were defined as the variables of the problem. The results showed that the values of the biocomposite sample in the optimal state for three mechanical properties including tensile, impact, and bending strength are 28.5 MPa, 92.29 J/m, and 50 MPa respectively. At the end of the optimal mode, it showed that the weight of the biocomposite can be reduced by 32%.

In proton therapy, it is imperative to take the distribution of both the physical absorbed dose and the biological dose into account. Therefore, phenomenological models and a biophysical model such as microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) have been developed for the biological dose calculation.

In order to determine the most accurate model for Chinese hamster V79 cell line, this study carried out comparisons between the linear term of the cell survival curve (α) and the dose parameter per 10% of the cell survival fraction (D10), calculated using phenomenological models and a biophysical model as a function of linear energy transfer (LET) and kinetic energy of proton beams as well as published experimental data. This research also calculates the biological dose with several phe-nomenological models and MKM as a function of depth in the water phantom.

The results show that the α and D10 values of proton beams calculated with MKM are more con-sistent with the biological radiation data than those calculated with the phenomenological models. Of the phenomenological models, the calculation data from McNamara model are in better consistency with the experimental data than the other phenomenological models.

The ability of MKM to properly predict the biological dose distribution of proton beams with continual innovations and modifications showcases the importance of applying the correct model in treatment planning systems.

The existence of geographical diversity in Iran has been caused a significant racial diversity in the domestic livestock and poultry of the country. The number of racial groups of indigenous chickens is not exactly known, but some researchers have been reported up to 35 racial groups. Natural selection during successive generations in environmental conditions has been caused the adaptation these breeds and the evolution of many unique and valuable talents in them. Raring native chickens in order to provide animal protein is widespread in the country's villages and it is valuable from economic point of view. On the other hand, native breeds are considered as important genetic reserves and are considered as national genetic capitals. Studying and researches is necessary in order to preserve these genetic resources. To carry out this research, fertilized eggs were collected from different regions, especially East Azarbaijan province, and placed in the incubator machine separately and chicks were produced in industrial incubation conditions for 21 days. Raring of chickes until maturity and egg production stage took place in Saeed Abad educational campus of East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Chicks produced at different ages were weighed and their production and reproduction traits were measured after maturity. This bird is currently spread in various region of East Azarbaijan Province (especially Marand, Tabriz, Sufian, Khosrowshahr, etc.) and also some provinces like Gilan, Alborz, Isfahan, West Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, etc . The whole body of the black Marandi chicken is covered with black feathers, which cover the feathers in a uniform black color. The black feathers of this bird reflect a pale green color when the sun shines. The cover of black feathers of this bird extends to the legs, which are thinner and more beautiful than the feathers of the body.The results showed that the live body weight of birth in female chicks is 31.28±3.33 gr and in male 33.12±4.00 gr. But in general, the birth weight of male chickens for the whole population was 31.90±3.66 gr, which obtained from eggs with an average weight of 47.32±7.10 gr. At the age of week 4, male chickens of Marandi breed were about 26% heavier than females and reached an average of 196.36±73.76 gr, but the weight of females was 155.58±64.94 gr. At the end of week 8 of age, male Marandi chicks reached an average of 504.31±115.91 gr and female chickens reach 377.45±124.78 gr, the weight difference of the two sexes reached about 127 gr. Male chicks were 33.6% heavier than females. The weight of female chicks at the end of 12 weeks was about 675.33±151.07 gr and the weight of male at this age was measured on average at 929.97±119.65 gr, the difference between the two sexes reached 254.64 gr and male chickens were about 37.7% heavier than female chickens. Marandi chickens at the end of 16 weeks have a weight equal to 849.77±183.31 gr in females and 1152.64±161.88 gr in male, which are almost 302 gr heavier than females and have a 35.6% increase in weight. At the age of 20 weeks, Marandi female chickens weighed 1040.35±219.64 gr and its male weighed about 1406.15±220.81 gr. The difference in the weight of the two sexes at this age reaches about 366 gr. At the end of 24, 28 and 32 weeks, females reach the weight of 1186.97±175.40 gr, 1409.54±165.67 gr and 1426.97±179.04 gr respectively, while the weight of males at these week is 1609.47±227.63 gr, 1800.05±164.38 gr and 1812.41±239.54 gr respectively. The trend of weight gain up to 12 weeks is incremental, which means that the slope of weight gain is higher in the second 4 weeks compared to the first 4 weeks, and this situation is repeated in the third 4 weeks compared to the second 4 weeks. But after the end of the 12th week until the end of the 28th week, the trend of weight gain has been almost constant, that can be seen is the insignificant and negligible difference in the weight in the 32nd week compared to the 28th week. Which means that until the age of 28 weeks, Marani chickens have spent their weight gain period and after that, growth should not be expected.The breeding results showed that the start of egg production in the Marandi breed is at the end of 5 months (150 days) and at this age they gradually start to lay eggs. At the end of three weeks from the start of laying eggs, egg production reaches its peak, which is about 44% and lays eggs with almost the same percentage until the end of the production period. Marandi chickens produced more than 160 eggs during the one-year laying period after starting to lay eggs. The average weight of Marandi eggs is 47.32±7.10 gr and its average specific weight is 1.075±0.006 gr/cm3. The results of the study showed that the average strength of eggs is 2.64±0.31 kg/cm2. The weight of the egg shell is 4.42±0.73 gr, and its thickness is 0.27±0.03 mm. Haugh unit, albumin height, albumin weight and yolk weight were estimated as 86.03±9.40 %, 6.92±1.53 mm, 29.36±5.99 gr and 14.10±1.74 gr in Marandi breed egg, respectively. Approximately, 10% of the egg weight is the shell, 30% is the yolk, and 60% is the albumin. Fertility rate of Marandi breed eggs in the conditions of natural insemination and using one male for every 10 chickens is 82.38±11.09 % and the hatchability is 76.85±12.33 %. Marandi chicken has good potentials for supplying some part of the food protein source.

In the juridical literature of Iran, the necessity of respecting citizen rights by general officers in police stations was foremost noticed in the Law of “Respecting Legitimate Freedom” and “Preserving Citizen Rights” (1382). In recent years, the legislator of Iran has re-emphasized respecting these rights in the Criminal Law 1392. Despite the practical efforts in this field, these laws are still not flawless. Accordingly, this work investigates the laws related to the role of general officers in the Department of Justice regarding citizen right preservations in detail. The purpose is to recognize the pathology of citizen right laws to include them in Police (FARAJA) actions. The work was done in a library approach and the data collection related to the subject, background, and concepts is carried out by surveying books and published articles. Considering that any amendment in law requires the designation of its own damages, this research discussed about the provisions related to the general officers’ role respecting citizen rights in the Law of “Respecting Legitimate Freedoms” and “Protecting Citizen Rights” and “the Criminal Law 1392”. Ambiguity and brevity of law provisions, failure in deciding the performance assurance, non-comprehensive enactment regulations, neglecting to define a strategy to perform some tasks, using redundant terms and expressions, failure to properly clarify the modifications in law literature, and fragmentation in some legal tasks are the most significant issues in regulations related to the officer roles in respecting to citizen rights.

The use of fiber-reinforced concrete in various industries is developing due to the desired mechanical properties, light weight of the structure, good energy absorption capacity and high initial strength under impact loads. a new generation of fiber-reinforced concrete with excellent ductility and exceptional crack control capability. Although fibre concrete is suitable for structures exposed to impacts and other extreme loads, In this study, the energy absorption and initial strength of reinforced concrete with Forta, basalt and barchip fibers under penetration impact loading were investigated. To investigate the effect of fiber percentage on impact properties, 8 specimens were subjected to experimental tests hybrid groups. Also, the fracture surface and the adhesion of fibers to fiber-reinforced concrete with degradation modes were evaluated. The results showed that the initial strength and energy absorption in hybrid-fiber reinforced concrete increased by 292.8% and 212.3%, respectively, compared to Net conceret. Also, by examining the fracture surface of the specimens, it was found that the adhesion between the two basalt and forta fibers to the base concrete is very desirable. However, the separation between barchip fibers and concrete is high and reduces the efficiency of these fibers in reinforcing concrete.

Today, with advances, researchers are looking for a way to prevent human and financial damage from collisions. In this research, the energy absorption of nanocomposite structures with different percentages of clay and nan osilica nanoparticles along with diethylene triamine has been investigated using epoxy resin polymer and nanoparticles. And the samples under compressive axial loading have absorbed different amounts of energy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the different effects of nanomaterials and different percentages. The design of this experiment has been done by Design-Expert software with a parametric study and Box Behnken Design (BBD). The range of changes in nanomaterials was 0-0.4 % and also diethylene triamine with weight percentages of 1, 3, and 5 % was used. The results show that the materials used in the study had a positive effect on energy absorption and the failure of the structure and the sample with weight percentages of 0.4% nano clay, 0.4% nano-silica, and 3% diethylenetriamine is the most optimal energy absorption mode. Has had a special.

Today, the use of composite materials has become widespread. Composite parts are subjected to different loading rates under mechanical loads and therefore must have sufficient strength against such various loads. In this paper, the behavior of hybrid composite with layers of glass and kenaf fibers under impact loading is investigated and analyzed. The effect of a number of layers on energy absorption, initial peak force as well as damage area was discussed. In the following, the results of experimental tests are compared with the numerical method by ABAQUS/EXPLCIT software, and the results show that the two methods are in good agreement and close to each other. The results showed that increasing the number of layers from 5 to 13 layers increases the initial strength and peak force by 85%. Also, by studying the specific energy absorption (SEA), it was found that increasing the number of layers at the optimal point increases the SEA so that increasing the number of layers from 5 to 9 layers causes a decrease of 3% and then increasing the number of layers up to 13 layers Increases SEA by 26%. It was observed that the energy absorption improved by 51% with the proper arrangement of layers of glass fibers and kenaf. At the end of the study, the failure mode of composites showed that the main mechanism of energy absorption in the back surface of composite plates is the debonding of layers with matrix fracture and fiber breakage.

Recently, proton therapy is used as one of the effective methods for treating various types of cancer in clinical treatment. An appropriate formalism to obtain relative biological effectiveness values for treatment planning studies is needed in this hadrontherapy technique. Hereby, the quantity of biological dose, instead of using the physical doses, is introduced to evaluate the biological effect of radiation in tissue. In proton therapy, a constant RBE of 1.1 is usually applied clinically as recommended by ICRU. However, different studies including data from irradiation experiments propose that a variable RBE factor is more appropriate. The primary objective of this project was to calculate and compare the dose-to-patient results of constant RBE versus variable RBE calculated by different models for hadron therapy. The irradiation experiments show the RBE parameter depends on different parameters such as deposited dose, LET, radiation energy and tissue sensitivity. In the present study, Wilkens, Wedenberg, Carabe and McNamara models were used to calculate RBE and biological dose in different models by using GATE Monte Carlo code. The results of the different models were compared with constant RBE of 1.1. On the other hand, bringing further simulations closer to the real situation, proton beam modulation has been used to create Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) region, and different models of RBE have been used to calculate the biological doses. Results show that the four different models predicted an equal or lower dose in the proton beam-entrance region compared to predictions for constant RBE, while greatly exceeding the predicted constant RBE dose in the distal part of the region target.

Since the Holy Qur’an is a book of life, it introduces a model of life called "Hayāt al-Tayyebah" (good life) to the human society in which the moral health and survival of human society are guaranteed. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the Qur’anic life model and explain its foundations from the perspective of Ayatollah JavadiAmoli.

This is library-based descriptive-analytical study. The required data were collected by searching the words life, tayyebah, hierarchy of life, spiritual health, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli in the Qur’an and religious texts.The authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli as a prominent interpreter of the Holy Qur’an, according to the Qur’anic findings, has classified life into three types of tangible natural (animal), rational and real (good life). He does not consider animal life as a part of human life and introduces rational life as the first level of real human life and the good life mentioned in the Qur’an as the higher level of life. He proposes three approaches to achieving and realizing this model of life including ‘purification of wisdom’, purification of the "soul", and purification of self based on the Holy Qur’an and Islamic texts or narrations.

According to Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, people who wantto achieve peace and mental and even physical health, and are eager to live a balanced and transcendent life and seek to avoid mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, etc., should move in the direction of a good Qur’anic life. This Qur’anic life, inall its aspects, while having a preventive aspect against mental and psychological harms, also has a therapeutic and healing effect. The main feature of this life is the purity of the soul and the return to its true inner-nature (i.e., Fitrat).

Previous studies have indicated the positive impact of dietary supplementation of arginine on meat quality and growth, though there is no report regarding the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on meat quality. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different levels of L-arginine on hatchability, growth performance, and meat quality of Ross 308 broiler chickens. In this research, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments (levels of 0.5 and 1% of L- arginine and total control). Experimental groups included: 1) in ovo injection of 0.5% L-arginine, 2- in ovo injection of 1% L-arginine, 3) total control group {collected control 1 (injection of distilled water) and control 2 (no injection)}, which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, broiler chicks of arginine treatments and total control group were divided each into four equal groups and placed randomly into four cages (replicates of the experiment). The rearing period continued from hatching to d 24. In order to investigate the quality of meat, on day 24, three chicks from each replicate (12 chicks per each treatment) were weighed, slaughtered and their breast muscles were used for meat quality evaluation. Based on the results, in ovo injection of different levels of L- arginine did not significantly affect 1, 10 and 24 day-old birds’ weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and relative weight of scalped carcass and breast muscle (P >0.05). Although, meat pH, meat fat and Ash content, and meat color indexes (a*, b*, L*, H) were not affected by L- arginine in ovo injection treatments (P>0.05), meat water loss, ΔD, and C indexes were significantly affected by experimental treatments (P˂0.05). Based on the overall results of this study, in ovo injection with different levels of L- arginine could not have a significantly noticeable effect on growth performance, meat production and/or meat quality of 24 day- old broiler chickens.

The aim of this research work is to investigate the mechanical properties of double layer trapezoid-shape corrugated core sandwich structures under quasi-static loading conditions and to determine the failure mechanisms and energy-absorbing characteristics of the corrugated cores. In this investigation, influence of foam filling technique in double layer trapezoid-shape corrugated core by using lightweight rigid polyurethane foam is investigation. Five types of Aluminum corrugated cores both bare and foam-filled were subjected to unidirectional quasi-static compression. In the following, using numerical simulation by Abaqus software to evaluation the impact parameters, including Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) as discussed testing purposes. the energy absorbing system can be used in the aerospace industry, shipbuilding, automotive, railway industry and elevators to absorb impact energy. The FEM results are compared with Experimental results which reveal a good conformity. FEM and experimental results showed that foam filling technique can significantly increase specific absorbed energy. Finally, appropriate geometric parameters and the best examples of criteria considered with respect to the objectives, are introduced.

The Holy Qur'an is a knowledgeable and realistic book which, according to Qur'anic verses, narrations and wisdom, needs to be elaborated and interpreted. Throughout the history of many commentators, based on the methods, trends, and various interpretive schools, they have interpreted this celestial book. Accordingly, the Qur'an's interpretation has evolved and until the present day, complete interpretations or some parts of the Qur'an have been written, interpretation has continued. Among these, the book "The Interpretation of the Eleventh Surah from the Holy Qur'an" by Mr. DharullahMashayekhi, by the side publications, has been compiled for the course of the disciplinary interpretation of the Qur'anic verses and the theology of theology. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of this book are criticized and evaluated in terms of its form and content. Due to existing deficiencies, it is suggested that after applying scientific editions as the source of the course of interpretive interpretation in the baccalaureate.

In this research, an influence of topology optimization in energy absorption of lattice core sandwich beams by using ABAQUS software was an investigation. Relationships between the force and displacement at the midspan of the sandwich beams were obtained from the experiments. Two types of Steel lattice cores with three cell orientation were subjected to the low-velocity impact test under three-point bending. The core of sandwich beams was made from expanded metal sheets and a topology optimization with Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization (SIMP) method was used to remove the redundant expanded metal cell. In the following, by studying the topology optimization to evaluate the impact parameters, including Specific Energy Absorption (SEA), as discussed testing purposes. The energy absorbing system can be used in the aerospace industry, shipbuilding, automotive, railway industry and elevators to absorb impact energy. Experimental and numerical results showed that topology optimization could significantly increase specific absorbed energy. Results of three-point bending crushing tests showed that the SEA of a sandwich beam with optimal core structure increased between 45% and 94% compared to the initial design structure of the core. In addition, appropriate orientation of expanded metal cell in the core of sandwich beam caused to increase the specific energy absorption by more than 90%. Finally, an appropriate optimal geometric structure with three tape of volume fraction and the best examples of criteria considered with respect to the objectives were introduced.

One of the most important, most accurate and the best of views to projectile impact and penetration phenomena in the composite target is the models related to energy discussion. In this paper previous works have been studied and it has been tried to verify and complete them. In the experimental study for the accuracy of model a reservoir of glass/epoxy is done under projectile impact and penetration of spherical pellets at different speeds. This model can investigate the ability or inability of projectile exit from the target and predict the remaining energy during passing through the target, by comparison the total energy of projectile with energy absorption mechanism, Also it is estimated the contribution of each mechanism to absorb energy at different speeds by this model. As well as ballistic velocity of projectile is estimated when it impacts to a composite target with good accuracy. This model has considered the most mechanism of energy absorption and it has been tried to add new mechanism of energy absorption; includes energy absorbed from the shift of the top cone under the projectile, energy absorbed by deformation of elastic – plastic primary fiber and energy absorbed from the friction make between the projectile and composite targets; and expresses the best and most accurate model of energy absorption. Finally, the results of this model have been compared with the results of FEM performed by ANSYS module LS.DYNA.

In this research, influence of foam filling technique in sandwich beams with expanded metal sheet as core by using lightweight rigid polyurethane foam is investigation. Relationships between the force and displacement at the midspan of the sandwich beams are obtained from the experiments. Three types of Steel lattice cores both bare and foam-filled were subjected to quasi-static. The performance of sandwich structures with expanded metal sheets as core were studied under transverse bending. In the following, by studying the orientation of the core layers to evaluation the impact parameters, including Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) as discussed testing purposes. the energy absorbing system can be used in the aerospace industry, shipbuilding, automotive, railway industry and elevators to absorb impact energy. experimental results showed that foam filling technique can significantly increase specific absorbed energy. Results of three point bending crushing tests showed that the SEA of foam-filled sandwich beam increased by 74 %, comparing to the hollow beam. Also, appropriate orientation of core in the sandwich beam caused to increase the specific energy absorption by 66.5%. Finally, appropriate geometric parameters and the best examples of criteria considered with respect to the objectives, are introduced.

Daily development of medical sciences, innovation the modern method, need in acquisitig the diagnosis and treatment skills and up to date the physicians information, leads to retraining program or continious program in this field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physician's viewpoints of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province about efficiency of continuous medical education courses for providing an appropriate model. Two hundred ninty one physician occupied in public or non-public units in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were selected randomly. The data were collected using a likert five options questionnaire and then they were analyzed using uni variant t test, independent t-test and ANOVA. Kronbakh Alpha was used for testing the reliability. (α=0.86) The results indicated that continuous medical education courses influence the respondent's efficiency, change and innovation, familiarity of physicians with aims and strategies, increasing efficiency and phsician's motivation (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between the efficiency and respondent's training course, the respondant's age and the empiricism background of respondants (P<0.05). The finding shows that, in the respondants point of view, holding the continous medical training affects the efficiency, change and innovation, familiarity with aims and strategies, increasing efficiency and increasing the physicans motivation

This article has been written by Lynda L. Kern and published in Encyclopedia of the Qur’ān. Having analyzed the lexical and idiomatical sense of sahabah (companion), the author analyses the authenticity of the companions’ sayings and virtues. She then examines the word sahabah and its derivatives in the Qur’an, hadith and interpretation contexts and discusses some major companions and the greatness of the Muhajirun (immigrants) and Ansar (helpers). Likewise, she reviews some Shi‘ah and Sunni disputes about the companions and their differences in transmission of the tradition of Thaqalayn. The article has several shortcomings: First, the author has, in passing, mentioned several requisites of discourse on the companions and others she has left out completely. Second, she has focused on unnecessary discourses, which incite religious disunity. Third, she has raised most of the discourses from the Sunni viewpoint, whereas some of the ideas presented in this article are unacceptable to the Shi‘ah.

In this paper, the author first gives a definition of Sahaba (Companions of the holy Prophet) then deals with the starting point of this discussion among Sunnis and Shi`a. He views the Sunni’s three approaches to this issue and makes a comparison between Sunni’s mostly accepted approach and Shi`a’s and also an outline of their differences in this regard. He then investigates the views of Sunni and Shi`a concerning Justice of the Companions.Consequently, related issues such as strength and weakness of marfu` and mawquf hadiths are discussed and similarities and differences between two views displayed and finally their views on the authenticity of sayings of the companions of the holy Prophet are analyzed.