حسین حسینی

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious disease that primarily affects young chickens presented by varying clinical symptoms. Among the available vaccines used to prevent disease outbreaks, live attenuated vaccines are considered as the most common. Aim and In this study, the effect of two vaccine types, a live attenuated vaccine, MyHatch UPM93, and a commercial immune complex vaccine, on immunization against IBD were compared whose effects on immune system suppression were also studied. The results indicate that neither vaccine had negative effects on mortality rate. Studying the weight of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) relative to the body weight and bursa Fabricius histopathology in the group vaccinated with MyHatch showed less immune system suppression. Furthermore, MyHatch UPM93 vaccine performed better in generating specific antibodies against IBD, and non-interfering with immunization against Newcastle disease and Avian Influenza. Regarding the presence of the vaccinal virus in bursa Fabricius tissue, no virus genome was detected in the group vaccinated with Immune complex vaccine until the 14th day after the vaccination, unlike the group which was vaccinated with MyHatch UPM93 vaccine. On days 21 and 28 in both groups, an equal percentage of samples (80% and 100%, respectively) were positive, and on day 35, the MyHatch group had a lower percentage of positive samples compared to the immune complex group (60% versus 80%). It is hoped that in future researches, the effects of other vaccines, which are recently imported to Iran, on the immune system will be studied.

Accurate determination of land boundaries is a vital step in identifying land use and planning for its management. For cropland, this mapping allows farmers and agribusinesses to better estimate land area for effective use of agricultural inputs, such as seeds, pesticides, fertilizers and other resources, and to optimize production and post-production activities. With these interpretations, identifying the precise edges of a crop field determines the success of a program developed using computer vision and machine vision tools. According to the experiments, the Canny detector performs better than other traditional detectors, therefore, in this article, it has been tried to present new methods to improve the performance of the Canny detector by using two meta-heuristic algorithms of ant colony and thermal simulator. To evaluate the proposed methods, we have used three evaluation criteria: MSE, PSNR, and SSIM. The results show that the meta-heuristic algorithms used have made the Canny detector more optimal. When we used the ant colony algorithm, the edges were shown well, and when we used the simulated annealing algorithm, in addition to the edges, the image texture was also preserved.

Birds have a vast respiratory system, and numerous infectious factors can affect them because of this wide range. Industrial poultry is not exempt from this issue, and significant diseases cause the involvement of this system in birds. Viral agents mainly cause more destruction than other agents, and their high prevalence and contagion have made them considered one of the most critical threatening factors in this industry. Among all viral agents, Influenza and Newcastle viruses are crucial factors of industrial poultry farms in Iran and the world due to their lethality and high prevalence. To prevent these outbreaks, widespread vaccination is used in all types of poultry, but these diseases are still observed due to mutations in the genomic content and failure in immunization. In this study, eight provinces of the country were investigated. We took samples from 90 broiler poultry farms between September 2019 and the end of January 2019 and studied them with RT-PCR test. Our results showed that Khorasan Razavi (50%) and Kerman (30%) had the highest Newcastle disease and influenza prevalence, respectively, in all eight provinces. Constant monitoring of cases and reviewing vaccination programs of affected flocks every year are necessary for strategically controlling respiratory syndrome in broilers. It should be mentioned that it is essential to carry out epidemiological information on the influential factors in spreading this syndrome and the failure of vaccination strategies.

The Purpose of this Research is to Investigate the Practical Effect of Artificial Intelligence in the Direction of Implementing an Agile Supply Chain. This Research is Applied and Descriptive, and the Statistical Population Includes Technology Experts of Private Companies in Isfahan, and the Sample size is Estimated to be 92 People Through the Karjesi-Morgan Table. Random Sampling Method is Simple and Data Collection is Done Through Questionnaire. Data Analysis was Done Through Structural Equation Modeling With Partial Least Squares Approach and Smart PLS and SPSS Software.The Research Findings Indicate that Efficient Artificial Intelligence Techniques Have a Positive and Significant Impact on the Implementation of Agile Supply Chain. Also, According to the Obtained Results, Learning and Extracting Patterns, Reasoning and Choosing Patterns, and Self-Correction and Setting Patterns Also have a Positive and Significant Effect on the Implementation of Agile Supply Chain. The Ability of Organizations to Respond to Competitive Challenges and to Maintain Competitive Advantages is a Key Success Factor in Today's Global Markets.

Graphs are data that describe complex relationships between different things in the real world, such as the Internet, social network, bibliographic network, and so on. One of the things that many people deal with today is online social networks. The graph display of online social networks such as Twitter, WeChat and Facebook is not possible today with less than billions of nodes, and for this reason, the study of large-scale network data has become a necessity for researchers. Regarding social networks, online users often have limited information; But for social media service providers, user node information such as interest, beliefs, or other characteristics are very important to customize their services for users in many applications such as recommendations and personalized search, making it a challenge for service providers. An effective way to deal with this challenge is to infer missing user information using pervasive network structures in social media. One of the most important inferences in data mining and network analysis is node classification, which aims to infer the missing labels of nodes based on labeled nodes and network structure. In this research, we have performed the task of node classification on the PubMedDiabetes, CiteSeer and Cora citation network datasets using GraphSAGE, GCN and GAT neural networks and we have generally concluded that the GraphSAGE neural network on the network datasets The cited reference works well for the node classification task.

The oil and gas industry in Iran's economy is plagued by chronic challenges and problems. It seems that the root solutions in facing these challenges are fundamental shifts and systems innovations, and not superficial and temporary fixes. However, most research on this industry lacks a transformative approach that will not result in anything other than consolidating and reinforcing the existing situation. In this research, the emerging field of transition studies, specifically the multi-level approach, has been adopted to investigate fundamental transformations in the oil and gas industry of Iran. Therefore, a case study is used as the research strategy, and data from the related articles and documents as well as the findings from the nineteen semi-structured interviews with experts in Iran's oil and gas industry are selected as the data sources. Accordingly, by examining the challenges and opportunities facing the oil and gas industry at different levels, this research seeks to explore the transition pathways of this industry in the horizon of 1450 (2072 in Georgian Calendar) with regard to the general policies on the economy of resistance. By analyzing the transition pathways drawing on the multi-level approach, it was found that the transformation and reconfiguration pathways are more likely to occur in the Iranian oil and gas industry. In this regard, the paper concludes with some related policies and actions under these two paths.

Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the most widespread weeds in the world, and regarding the amount of damage caused to crops, it is the third dominant dicotyledonous weed in the world. It is recommended to reduce the use of chemical herbicides through the replacement of non-chemical methods in sustainable agricultural management, and the use of plants' allelopathic effects is one of these methods. On the other hand, plants in different growth stages have different allelopathy sensitivity.

To evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh) on Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) growth stages, an experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Kashan Barij Essential Company, Iran. Treatments included aqueous and alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus (50, 75, and 100 %), controlled (0.002 concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Ethanol 70%, distilled water), and three growth stages (five-leaf stage, seven-leaf stage, and stem elongation). The studied traits were measured in all three growth stages one week after treatments. To measure traits, ten plants were randomly selected from each pot. The studied traits included leaf length and width, total leaf wet weight, total leaf dry weight, stem wet weight, stem dry weight, stem length, root length, root wet weight, root dry weight, total plant weight, and shoot/root ratio. A ruler was used to determine the length and width of the leaf, the length of the root, and the length of the stem. Analysis of the variance of the data was done by MSTAC software. If the experimental factor was significant, the LSD test was used to compare the means.

Leaf width, total leaf fresh weight, total leaf dry weight, stem fresh and dry weight, stem length, root length, root fresh and dry weight, total plant weight, and shoot/root ratio were affected by the growth stage where the extracts were used. The effect of the concentration of aqueous and ethanol extracts of eucalyptus on leaf length and width, total leaf fresh weight, total leaf dry weight, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, stem length, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, total dry plant weight, and shoot/root ratio was significant. Spraying at the stem and 5-leaf stages had the highest and lowest leaf width, stem length, and root dry weight, respectively. The extract application at the stem elongation and five-leaf stage had the highest and lowest leaf width, stem length, and root dry weight, respectively. The application of distilled water in the stem elongation phase produced the maximum leaf length (3.06 cm), total fresh and dry weight of plant leaf (1.00 and 0.2764 gr), stem fresh and dry weight (1.35 and 0.393 gr), and total fresh and dry plant weight (2.80 and 0.801 gr), respectively. The application of 75% concentration of eucalyptus ethanol extract at the 5-leaf stage produced the lowest total fresh and dry weight of plant leaf (0.188 and 0.0521 gr), stem fresh and dry weight (0.303 and 0.046 gr) and total fresh and dry plant weight (0.633 and 0.1157 gr), respectively.

The aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly decreased Pigweed growth indices, and its inhibitory effect was not significantly different in most traits with 2-4-D herbicide. The inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract on pigweed growth was greater than aqueous extract. Given that almost all eucalyptus extracts, either alcoholic or aqueous, significantly reduced Pigweed growth, it may be possible to reduce the pressure of this weed on crops by combining and using them as a bio-herbicide.

  The brain-computer interface system provides a communication path between the brain and the computer and has recently received increasing attention. One of the most common paradigms of brain-computer interface systems is motor imagery. The braincomputer interface system based on motor imagery using electroencephalogram signals uses a large number of channels when receiving signals. Channels not related to the intended task cause unwanted interference and increase the noise level. In this paper, we present two optimal channel selection methods to improve common spatial pattern (CSP)-related features for classification of motor imagery tasks. Since the brain activities of motor imagery are located in a specific area of the brain, how to choose the right channels is important to improve the performance of the brain-computer interface. In this paper, analysis of variance (ANOVA) feature selection and sequential forward feature selection (SFFS) combined with common spatial pattern (CSP) are used to select optimal electrode channels. The results show that the accuracy of KNN, SVM and LDA classifications when using ANOVA+CSP method is 74, 72 and 71% respectively, when using SFFS+CSP method is 74, 73 and 68% respectively, when using CSP alone, 65, 62 and 60%, respectively, when not using the methods of selecting optimal channels and common spatial pattern, it is 58, 64 and 57%, respectively; Therefore, the combination of optimal channel selection methods and common spatial pattern has increased the accuracy of the classifiers.

Quality is considered as one of the most significant hidden layers of financial performance disclosure at the level of the capital market, which can have a significant impact on the overall performance of the capital market depending on the disclosure capacities and analytical power of investors and shareholders. Therefore, since companies are an open system and communicate with their environment, in case of not disclosing news on time, even disclosing bad news, this communication is generally one-way and according to the CEO's wishes and needs, it is selectively disclosed and the field of facilitating resistance It is strengthened in the functions of managers. Every capital market is based on the flow of information, which increases the decision-making power of market investors. Firms CEOs play an important role in integrating information disclosure and improving its level of reliability, which depending on individual or social and cultural characteristics, the motivations for disclosing information, especially negative company information to the market, are different. In fact, CEOs may refuse to fully disclose information to market stakeholders because of perceptual errors rooted in the form of individual self-perceptions of market stakeholders. The purpose of this research is Presenting CEO's Inertial Self-Concept Model in Not Reflecting Negative News to The Capital Market. 

The methodology of this study was exploratory from the point of view of the developmental result and based on the type of objective and qualitative and quantitative basis was used to collect the data. The statistical population in the qualitative part was university experts and in the quantitative part financial managers of capital market companies. This research, which is developmental in terms of the methodological criteria of the result, and in terms of the qualitative data type criteria, is based on two thematic analyzes to identify the themes of the research in the qualitative part; Delphi analysis was used to determine the limit of theoretical consensus. 

In line with the nature of the research, thematic analysis has been used in the qualitative part. In order to determine the themes related to managers' resistance in disclosing bad news, theme analysis has been used in the qualitative part. Thematic analysis is considered as the executive process of content analysis, which analyzes the basics and concepts of the present topic through simultaneous content analysis in similar studies and conducting interviews to determine its dimensions. The basic idea of content analysis is to put the content components of past researches based on theme analysis. A theme is a pattern found in the data that at least describes and organizes observations and at most interprets aspects of the phenomenon. In this research, the typology of thematic analysis based on the style of Atrid-Sterling (2001) is used. The structure of this analysis includes three dimensions emphasized below as the basis of the analysis. It was also determined that the two themes of the CEO's external control source in disclosing bad news and the CEO's lack of self-confidence in disclosing bad news are the main drivers in the self-concept of resistance caused by psychological causes, which causes the message of the CEO's perceptual errors in disclosing bad news and its reflection on the capital market. 

Based on the statistical findings, it should be stated that the pattern of systemic representation shows that the negative insight of the fear of losing the position of the CEO in the disclosure of bad news is considered as a motivating and influencing theme for not reflecting negative news to the capital market, which is an important consequence of the inability of the CEO to recognize The information needs of the stakeholders. In the analysis of the obtained result, it should be stated that the negative insight of the fear of losing the position of the CEO in the disclosure of bad news is considered as the main driver in not reflecting the negative news of the companies to the capital market, which can be the result of the inability of the CEO to recognize the information needs along with have In fact, as it was determined in this research in the analysis of system representation, the existence of personal vision schemas of the CEO is a stimulus to create the fear of losing the position. In other words, managers with this insight try to avoid all the events that may damage the position of the CEO. This avoidance is actually the protection of opportunistic interests, which has always been emphasized in agency cost theories and rational choice theory. The presence of this insight in the CEO makes him avoid any change and response to the information needs of the stakeholders, which means disturbing the balance and stability of his position by maintaining the existing conditions.

Computational social science is an emerging interdisciplinary approach to the study of social systems. Here we examine why testing the behavior of individuals and groups in social systems from an algorithmic point of view provides new and surprising analytical opportunities for the intelligence society and for the improvement of intelligence analysis methods. By using artificial communities, which are generally called factor-based models, intelligence analysts can improve their intelligence evaluations through the benefits of scientific principles of computer computing. The findings of the research show that factor-based modeling has been significantly used in the security- intelligence literature in such a way that the modeling of socialunrest, crisis, intelligence deception, and war are getting richer day by day

Years after the collapse of its empire, Britain is still an influential power in politics and international relations and an important member of the contemporary international order. Considering the long history of relations between Iran and England and the ever-present influence of this country in Iran, and in order to influence Britain's policy and relations with other countries and organizations, we must study and understand the foreign policy decision-making system of this country well so that we can Let's get a complete model of the relations of this decision system. The authors, using the analytical descriptive method and based on library collection, in response to the question of what structure and process is formed in British foreign policy decision-making; They explained the factors, process and formal and informal layers of decision-making and decision-making of this political unit and depicted it under a model. Britain's foreign policy lacks written legal documents, is prestige-oriented, confidential, pragmatic and elitist, and thus the political system has left the hands of the decision-makers free from internal control and pressure and to secure the interests of the country (and primarily the interests of the elites). The foreign policy of the British government and the final decision-making is formed in the cabinet centered on the Prime Minister and with the agency of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of this country. Official institutions such as the monarchy and government and security organizations, as well as informal factors such as pressure groups and the media, are effective in decision-making.

Despite the widespread use of vaccination against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the virus is still circulating in poultry farms. The present study was conducted to measure different histopathological effects and protective antibody levels in experimentally infected chickens with VII.2 and VII.1.1 NDV virulent strains. In this study, commercial layers and SPF(Specific Pathogen-Free) chickens were challenged with NDV genotypes VII.1.1 and VII.2 via oculo-nasal route.  Tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from all chickens on the fourth day after challenge, then chicks were euthanized in order to collect tissue samples. Tissue specimens were chosen from trachea, proventriculus, heart, kidney, lung, spleen, brain, intestine and liver for evaluation and histopathological grading. All SPF chicks were died within the first 48h of experiment. The HI results of a day before challenge revealed the antibody titer of 6.46 in commercial layers and 0 in SPF chicks. The histopathological results did not show any severe damage in tissues of proventriculus and heart. Both SPF groups showed hemorrhages in tracheal tissues. The most lesions were observed in lung and kidney tissues with more severity in SPF chickens and also more severe in VII.2 infected groups rather than the two VII.1.1 infected groups. In conclusion, according to higher antibody titers and lower histopathological lesions in commercial layers, it can be concluded that antibodies in commercial flocks can prohibit viral replication to a great extent.

Although the lack of data is one of the important challenges for research in the field of natural language processing, but this challenge is more acute in the Persian language, so finding a high-quality and comprehensive dataset in the Persian language is a difficult task. In addition to that, having some problems such as the ability to categorize and not complying with the storage standard are among the problems of the existing datasets, each of which can affect the learning rate of the model, the results, and the error rate in the experiments. For this reason, all these reasons made us seek to collect and prepare a dataset that covers all such problems and reduces the amount of error when using data in different models. In this research, we have designed and used a crawler to collect textual data. By crawling on one of the news bases, it has been able to collect data sets in five columns: title, summary, text, tag, and publication date. The textual data has been normalized with the help of one of the Persian language libraries in the Python programming language and stored in csv and xml formats and made available to fellow researchers. The tags in this dataset include 13 main tags of sports, art and media, culture, science and progress, political, foreign policy, life, family, society, education and training, international, economic and provinces. Among the tasks that can be done on this data set are text classification, text extraction, text summarization and title recognition. Also, one of the prominent features of this data set is its comprehensiveness, the amount of suitable data, the existence of useful features, having unique features, as well as storage in a standard format. This dataset is a product of the Language Processing Department of Imam Hossein Comprehensive University and can be downloaded and used through the link mentioned in the footnote of the next page and with respect to copyright.

European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) a semi-parasitic plant that often grows on forest trees and shrubs, is used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer due to its valuable active ingredients. The quantity and quality of active ingredients in parasitic and semi-parasitic plants in addition to genetic and environmental factors, are also affected by the host tree. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the aim of investigating the phytochemical diversity of 20 populations of mistletoe on different hosts by collecting samples from different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Alborz provinces in the summer of 2017. The extracts were obtained by reflux method with 70% ethanol. The content of syringic acid, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, protein, and antioxidant activity were measured by a spectrophotometer and HPLC methods in the leaves of plants in different populations. The results showed that the amount of chemical composition of mistletoe populations was affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and altitude, and the type of host tree. These populations were classified into 3 distinct groups. The mistletoe collected from Gilan and Alborz provinces did not have much phytochemical diversity. Populations of Guilan province had the highest mean of total flavonoids, protein, and antioxidant activity. The mistletoe collected from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces had more phytochemical diversity. It seems that in addition to environmental conditions, the host tree type was also responsible for creating the phytochemical diversity of European mistletoe in these provinces.

The presented research is a qualitative-documentary approach that is lived in terms of mental ontology and a function of lived experience and is intertwined in terms of researcher's epistemology and reality.This descriptive and analytical study examines the performance of U.S. government management in controlling the Corona crisis. First, it deals with the ups and downs of the corona in the United States and its crisis management in 6 time periods and how to manage the crisis, and finally, by examining various sites and databases, it examines the strengths, weaknesses and solutions of the United States.The United States is always in the throes of an economic crisis because it, as a capitalist country, does not support many people of color and color, and wealth in the United States is in the hands of some people, and the US government has not implemented any serious policies or solutions for the poor. It focuses on innovation ecosystems because it focuses on innovation ecosystems and seeks to invest in talent or elite around the world to promote flexibility in its infrastructure. But there is no plan to support small businesses and retailers, which is causing the recession to worsen in the United States because part of society is being ignored.

Infectious Bronchitis Virus is a Gammacoronavirus responsible for huge economic loss to poultry industry worldwide. Poultry (Gallus gallus) is the major host of the virus, but IBV-like coronaviruses can infect different species of birds. To determine the role of different bird species in infectious bronchitis virus epidemiology, this work was conducted to detect Gammacoronaviruses in Tehran live bird market. Cloacal swabs were collected from three bird species including poultry, duck and turkey; the RNA was extracted by CinnaPure isolation kit; subsequently the complementary DNA was synthetized by RevertAid First strand kit. Polymerase chain reactions targeting two genes of the nucleocapsid and the spike were run on complementary DNAs synthetized in the previous step. Polymerase chain reactions successfully detected the spike and the nucleocapsid genes in 40% of poultry and 66.6% of turkeys, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that gammacoronaviruses detected in this work were closely related to infectious bronchitis virus type 4/91. This work also introduced the circulation of gammacoronaviruses in different bird species from a bird market, this issue could be significant in the future epidemiologic studies. The findings also described that the nucleocapsid gene detection is much more effective than the spike gene detection in terms of gammacoronavirus monitoring.

During the last decades, the country has faced unrest and the system has managed them with continuous and multilateral efforts. Unfortunately, these activities in the form of security governance have been neglected and have not been identified and counted, which is the subject of this study. The purpose of this article is to identify the activities carried out in the form of security governance to deal with unrest in the I.R. of Iran. In this article, the author has tried to identify and count the total activities carried out to deal with the unrest during the last 40 years, by using the available documents and resources, in addition to reviewing the statements of the Supreme Leader and conducting interviews with 25 related experts. Therefore, the research method was descriptive, the type of research was applied and the method of data collection was library and field with interview tools (in-depth and semi-structured interviews). The author has analyzed the collected information using the content analysis method and MAXQDA software The findings of this study show that a lack of attention to the structures and policies of coordination within and between the regulatory organizations, has led to a lack of synergy and reduced productivity. Another finding of this article is that except for some organizational activities such as the establishment of committees, the IRGC and the Basij in the period 1978-1989, in other periods, "approach" activities have been more in line with the "doctrine of democratization of security."

Due to the changing situation of the environment and countries, today in the security literature, instead of discussing hard and semi-hard power, we talk about soft power. Pro-status quo powers use the above concepts to influence and change target communities in their own interests. Now, the main question is how does the West use the tools of soft power to influence the intellectual-cultural spectrum of religious intellectual elites? Based on the ijtihad method of signification and the conceptual framework of soft power and the relationship between theory and culture; The field of influence in the flow of religious intellectualism can be analyzed and examined from two aspects. First; Presence and education in the West provide the ground for cultural absorption. In this case, the proposed theories will be based on the Islamic cover, instead of being a link between tradition and modernity. Another is that as a result of the trade-off between culture and theory, each culture has produced its own science, and each theory reinforces its own culture. In this case, the use of Western theories to explain and understand religion, completely shakes and even disintegrates the cultural foundation of traditional societies. Provides the West, which can be the most subtle and soft example of influence and a ground for undermining the soft security of the Islamic Republic

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses worldwide. IBV has a broad tissue distribution with different viral loads in different tissues. Additionally, IBV can induce apoptosis in infected cells.

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the genetic background of chickens in viral load and the expression level of apoptotic genes in different tissues of two hybrids of commercial broiler chickens (Ross 308 and Cobb 500) challenged with IBV.

Chickens at 21 days of age were nasally challenged with 200 μL of allantoic fluid containing 104 EID50/ml of Iranian variant-2-like IBV (IS/1494). The expression level of apoptotic genes (Fas, FasL, Bax, and Bcl-2) in the tracheal and renal tissues and the amount of viral load in the tracheal, renal, and cloacal swab samples were investigated two, five, and seven days after IBV infection by RT-qPCR assay.

The amount of viral load and apoptotic the expression level of apoptotic genes in the tracheal (two and five days after infection) and renal samples (seven days after infection) were significantly higher in the Ross challenged group than in the Cobb challenged group. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the cloaca viral load on sampling days.

To our knowledge, this is the first report that evaluated the role of the chickens’ genetic background in the amount of viral load and the expression level of apoptotic genes against IBV. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic characteristics of IBV in Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chickens.