حسین دهقانی

Professional ethics is an issue that is associated with commitment and adherence in the affairs of the organization and is associated with productivity and growth in various dimensions, for this reason, it is important to examine the dimensions related to it. In line with this research, he investigated the explanation and design of the professional ethics model of the organization of natural resources, forests, pastures and watershed management of the country.     

This research is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of the method of collecting descriptive information, it is a survey type. The dimensions and components of professional ethics in the General Department of Natural Resources of North Kerman province were identified through document study and interviews with experts. The interview continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Based on this, theoretical saturation was achieved with 12 interviews. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative phase includes 12 experts who are knowledgeable about the subject, and in the quantitative section, it includes all the managers and employees of the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Kerman province, including 358 people who were selected based on available sampling. Structural equation modeling method was also used to design the model.

Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, the number of 70 sub-dimensions (indexes) related to professional ethics have been summarized in 5 factors, based on which a questionnaire was designed and the effect relationships were investigated through the method of structural equations. The findings showed that according to the t-table, the effect of all known relationships in the dimension of professional ethics was confirmed based on exploratory factor analysis.

Based on the optimal fit of the designed model, this model can be used to explain the model of professional ethics.

Considering the effectiveness of polymorphisms in the occurrence of respiratory diseases, it seems that these genetic variations in viral and microbial receptors can be effective in the occurrence and progression of the disease. The present study aimed to  assess the relationship between the C-159T polymorphism in the CD14 gene promoter and the severity of the disease in  Covid-19 patients during 2020-2021.

The subjects were randomly selected from subjects referred for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and studied in five groups: healthy, outpatient, non-critically ill hospitalized, critically ill hospitalized, and deceased patients. The peripheral blood (3ml) was obtained from all patients and DNA was extracted. Thereafter,  C-159T polymorphism in the CD14 gene promoter was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. The genotype frequency was determined in terms of heterozygosity, homozygosity, and mutant regarding polymorphism. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) (P<0.05).

The results pointed out that the most common C-159T polymorphism was the CT polymorphism, which was observed in 107 (51.0%) subjects and was significantly higher than other polymorphisms in all PCR- and PCR+ participants. This difference was not significant for deceased people.

According to the results pointing out that the C-159T polymorphism is effective in causing the disease, as well as the significant relationship between the TT and CT genotypes with the coronavirus, the probability of developing the disease is higher in T allele carriers. Therefore, it is suggested that CT polymorphism in CD14 gene promoter is considered an important prognosis in coronavirus disease.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a developmental disease of the nervous system that affects an average of 1 in 150 children worldwide. Both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of this range of disorders. Several studies have shown an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and behavioral disorders associated with nervous system, including autism. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms rs731236 (Taq1), rs1544410 (BsmI), rs2228570 (FokI) and the risk of autism. However, due to polymorphism diversities in population, we investigated the association between VDR rs731236 (Taq1)), rs1544410 (BsmI) (rs2228570 (FokI)) gene polymorphisms and the risk of autism in the population of East Azerbaijan.

In the present case control study, a total of 50 patients with ASD and 50 healthy control children were studied following the polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from peripheral blood and then enzymatic digestion with RFLP technique in terms of genotypic and allelic distribution studies using SPSS 16.

The results of statistical analysis of genotypic and allelic distribution for FokI and BMSI types of VDR gene did not show a significant difference between patients with autism and control group (p˃0.05). But Allelic and genotypic distribution of TT (p<0.045) and tt (p<0.013) genotypes between case and control groups showed a significant difference.

The results provide early evidence that genetic alterations in the VDR (TaqI) gene may alter children's susceptibility to ASD.

In this research, the catalytic reforming of kerosene fuel was performed in order to investigate the production of jet propellant fuels. For this purpose, at first the role of catalysts in the process of jet fuel production was surveyed. Then, two catalysts of Ni supported on Al2O3 and Ni supported on ZSM-5 was applied as a case study in a fixed bed reactor. The applied catalysts in this research were prepared by deposition-coprecipitation method and their properties were characterized through XRD, EDX, NH3-TPD, and BET analysis. The results of data analysis of liquid phase in the process output showed that applying zeolite catalyst led to production of some products with different properties such that some of these products meet the requirements of valuable products such as jet fuels. The reason was the increase in naphthene content of the produced fuel (from 26.49% in feed to 46.28% over Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst) via catalytic reforming of kerosene. This result leads us to conclude that applying zeolite catalysts considerably increases the ability of kerosene as a feed for reforming process to synthesize jet propellant fuels.

Creating a uniform and adequate moisture in the root zone is one of the most challenging issues in irrigated lands. Use of irrigation systems with high water efficiency, such as sub-surface drip irrigation is recommended as a solution to reduce water losses. Information on soil moisture variation is an important factor for managing and designing a subsurface drip irrigation system. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil moisture variation for different irrigation regimes in a pistachio orchards equipped by a subsurface drip irrigation system (SDI).

This study was carried out in a two-hectare of 10 years old pistachio orchard located in Semnan province, Iran ( located at 35°28ˊ N, 53°12ˊE and elevation of 1160 m above sea level) during the 2012-2013 growing season. The climate of the studied area is hot desert having an average annual precipitation of approximately 110 mm. Daily meteorological data such as the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and solar radiation were collected from a meteorology station in farm. The soil was sandy loam textured with average field capacity and permanent wilting point of 12.23 and 5.01%, respectively. Subsurface drip irrigation system was equipped by EuroDrip Company emitters (PC2), inline, to a distance of 80 cm and with a discharge of 26.2 Lit/ hr installed at a depth of 40 cm. In this study, a factorial experiment in split plot design was used with three replications. Three irrigation treatments i.e. control (I1), Irrigation based on irrigation requirement (I2) and I2 plus leaching requirement (I3), and changes in the moisture front were investigated by weight sampling between two drip lines, between the trees rows, on the drip line and out of the drip line of each row, before and after irrigation and in development, middle and late season.

For the evaluated irrigation systems, increased levels of irrigation regime resulted in increased moisture content in the root zone. The higher average soil moisture (16.6 %) was measured after irrigation under I3. The I1 irrigation regime did not significantly change the soil moisture content in upper part of emitters before and after irrigation event. Average soil moisture content at different depths showed that the soil moisture content in 75 soil depth was significantly higher than that in 25 and 50 cm soil depth, which can be attributed to higher root water uptake by root in 0-50 cm soil depth. Bilateral impact of irrigation regimes and soil depth showed higher soil moisture content (19.3%) under I3 and 75 cm soil depth which may lead to deep percolation. Bilateral impact of irrigation regimes, soil depth, and time before and after irrigation event also resulted in higher soil moisture content (22.5 %) in 75 cm soil depth after irrigation under I3. The lowest soil water content (10.5 %) was measured in 25 soil depth before irrigation under I1.

The results of this study showed that I2 and I3 irrigation regimes did not show water shortage during growth season (before and after irrigation), but the I1 irrigation regime caused water scarcity. Therefore, the formation of continuous moisture profiles with low moisture in I1 irrigation regime was caused as a result of low irrigation during this period. Accumulation of moisture at depth of 50-75 cm from the soil surface, even under low irrigation conditions I1 irrigation regime, implies that irrigation time is not suitable for irrigation regimes. In general, in order to improve the irrigation management, it is necessary to reduce the irrigation intervals and have a more appropriate distribution of moisture in the soil profile

Water restriction is one of the most important factors inhibiting the crop production. Accordingly, application of pressurized irrigation systems to optimize utilization of water resources is inevitable. This study was conducted in Behbahan Agricultural Research Station during three cropping seasons (2013-2016) and based on a randomized complete block design with a split plot and three replications. The main plots were consisted of Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) system that applied irrigation water at three levels of 75, 100 and 125% of water requirement and a surface Drip Irrigation (DI) system with application of 100% water requirement. The sub-plots were consisted of two varieties of date palm; Khasi and Zahedi. The crop water requirement was estimated based on Penman-Montheith method and using a daily weather information data collected from Behbahan weather station. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (5%) between water use efficiency of different levels of irrigation water. As, the SDI system with 75% irrigation level showed the highest water use efficiency to be 0.698 kg/m3. The comparison of interaction effects showed that the water use efficiency of Zahedi dates in 75% SDI system with 0.744 kg/m3 is higher than that of Khasi dates. In the other hand, the 75% SDI system saved 2509.6, 5019.2 and 2630.3 m3/ha irrigation water as compared with 100% and 125% SDI and 100% DI systems, respectively. According to the results, the interaction impact of irrigation levels and varieties on water use efficiency was significant but the interaction of irrigation systems and varieties were not significant. The stiffness of fruits was measured to be 11.3 lb per square meter in 75% SDI system which was the highest as compared to those for other treatments. The results of this study showed that the SDI system could be used for palms trees without restriction while use less water without significant impact on yield.

One of the common principles in the legal system of procedure, whether administrative or judicial (civil or criminal) in the sphere of domestic and international law, is the principle of good faith. Through this principle, hearing becomes somhow ethical. This feature has a special place in administrative proceedings, one of which is a general government. The concept of good faith is indeterminate, complex, and twofold, and in determining good faith, there is also a multiplicity of criterion. In each of the criterion, the judge plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of good faith. The criterions for diagnosis are based on two basic psychological and behavioral standards. Good faith has three important duties, corrective and Supplementation. In legislation, as well as in the case law, can be avoided by deception, fraud, collusion and ...of participants in the proceedings, compensating for the vacuum of silence, conflict and ambiguity in the laws, and added to their satisfaction. Without regard to this rule, the procedural defects will increase, and the important function of the procedure, ensuring substantive, will be to endanger.

Polycaprolactones due to the polar groups in their structures are able to be mixed with other nitrate esters and thus are presented as suitable binders. In the other hand, polyglycidyl nitrate with ONO2 groups is a high energetic polymer; however, it has not suitable mechanical properties. Consequently, it is possible to use the favorable mechanical properties of polycaprolactone and energetic properties of polyglycidyl nitrate by the synthesis of the PCL-PGN-PCL three-block copolymer. In this research, the PCL-PGN-PCL three-block copolymer was synthesized for the first time. Firstly, polyglycidyl nitrate as a monomer was synthesized using epichlorohydrin (60% total yield of the reaction). Then, polyglycidyl nitrate was synthesized by using this monomer (70% yield). Finally, the new PCL-PGN-PCL three-block copolymer was synthesized by ring opening polymerization of caprolactone as monomer and polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN) as a macro initiator in the presence of dibutyl tin laurate as catalyst. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to investigate the thermal characteristics of this copolymer (Tg -45.2 °C). In addition, there was one pick in the GPC chromatogram that proved the formation of PCL-PGN-PCL three-block copolymer. The PCL-PGN-PCL three-block copolymer was characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and IR spectroscopy methods. In the last part, the synthesis process of the PCL-PGN-PCL three-block copolymer was optimized. The reaction conditions were optimized at 115° C for 19 hours using 1mol% of catalyst. Toluene was chosen as a solvent and the monomer was added gradually into the reaction media. The yield was 81%. Also, the molar ratio of monomer to initiator as 5:1 showed the best molecular dispersity.

2-Methyl aziridine which is used as an intermediate in different industries is one of the compounds that recently has attracted many attentions in order to reduce its production cost. This compound is mainly applied in the defense industries as solid fuel missiles. Among the procedures reported for its large scale production, the Wenker procedure has been used widely. However, in recent two decades, this method is replaced by dehydration of alkanol amines on the surface of catalyst supports in the gas phase, because the Wenker procedure suffers from some main drawbacks such as long processing time, costly production and production of large amounts of wastes, etc. In this study, 2-methyl aziridine was prepared from the intramolecular dehydration reaction of isopropanol amine on the surface of SiO2 nanocatalyst in the gas phase; then effects of various parameters including catalyst composition, catalyst component’s ratio, calcination temperature and different operating conditions on the activity of the catalyst was investigated. After choosing the best catalyst with high activity, XRD, TEM, SEM and BET analyses were employed to characterization and identification of the catalyst structure.

2-methylaziridine (propylene imine) is widely used in the production of binding agents in the defence industry. Despite its importance, it is a highly volatile and toxic and can be easily released into the atmosphere during the production and usage causing environmental pollution. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a Group 2B, possible human carcinogen. So, regarding to the application of 2-methylaziridine in military industry and its toxicity, the determination of its trace amounts is very important in environment samples and industrial wastewater. In this paper, a novel method for preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of 2-methylaziridine using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique has been developed. This method is based on derivatization of 2-methylaziridine with Folin’s reagent (1,2-naphthoquione-4-sulphonic acid) and preparation of a hydrophobic product with a high molar absorption coefficient which can be preconcentrated and extracted with DLLME technique. Some important parameters of derivatization and microextraction were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 10-800 ng mL-1 with detection limit of 5.0 ng mL-1 and relative standard deviation for seven replicate determinations of 2-methylaziridine at 100 ng mL−1 concentration level was calculated to be 1.92%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of 2-methylaziridine in natural water and wastewater samples. In addition, excellent agreement was observed between this proposed method and the standard method.

The caged polynitramine explosive (CL-20) is one of the most powerful explosives whose performance parameters such as pressure and velocity of detonation, heat of formation, penetration and density are higher than the other common explosives. In this paper, all the synthetic methods and the explosion parameters of CL-20 have been reviewed and the most convenient method has been selected, clarified and optimized. Also, optimizing parameters such as crystallization solvents for CL-20 (ethyl acetate- heptane) and its intermediates (for HBIW, ethyl acetate), reaction temperature (for converting HBIW to TADB, 38-42 °C), and catalyst (Pd/C, 5% wet), a new nitration composition (nitric acid-sulforic acid, with ratio 1:1) has been introduced.

Octogen or HMX is one of the most powerful explosives which produced in large scale. Crystallization is one of the most critical steps in production of HMX. This paper is related to an invention to produce crystalline HMX with 1 micron average particle size, when the particle size of explosive reaches the grade of sub-micron, it impact sensitivity reduces sharply. In this research all affecting parameters such as solvent and antisolvent, mixing speed, concentration are optimized. Easy to adjust parameters affecting on particle size, short operation time are the main special characteristics of this method. Other advantages are easy to nucleation, continually super saturation condition during particle growth and improving the crystal defects. In this method ultrafine HMX is produced due to decreasing of HMX solubility with addition of HMX solution to an antisolvent.