حسین زیبنده

The cyberspace governance system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has experienced various structures due to the rapid development of information and communication technology in the past years. In the last decade a council structure and a meta government called "Supreme Council of Cyber Space" was formed with the aim of focusing and integrating the policy of cyber space. the purpose of the current research is to investigate and analyze the functional gap of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, which, while evaluating the path taken, also clarifies the path ahead of this institution. This research is an exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative part, the data collected were analyzed using the thematic analysis method, and finally, the goals and tasks of the Supreme Council of Cyber Space were classified themes. In the quantitative section, the importance-performance analysis method was used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire. In this research, The findings indicate that, in general, the Supreme Council of Cyberspace needs to strengthen most of the components related to the "decision making and policy design" and "policy evaluation".

The Internet of Things is one of the emerging technologies that has attracted the attention of some countries due to its significant economic benefits and social welfare, and while advancing in the field of technology, have sought to design a favorable policy system in this area. The Islamic Republic also needs to design its own model of active confrontation and its own policy-making system in order to make the most of opportunities and control threats and challenges. Utilizing the experiences of leading countries in the field of IoT is one of the resources that can help policy makers in designing a policy system. In this study, using library resources and documentary studies and using the comparative study method, we seek to answer the questions of what goals the European Union, the United States and China, as leading countries in this field, have chosen for their IoT policy-making system and policies. And what are their strategies for achieving those goals? After reviewing and describing the policy-making system of these countries, the tasks assigned by governments are divided into two categories: "Strategic Objectives Selection and Active Policy Development" and "Strategy Selection, Participation and Capacity Building".

The purpose of this study is to understand how the official policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of fixed internet bandwidth has changed from limited to free development. Along with this goal, creating a policy insight in cyberspace policy field, learning lessons for policy makers and decision makers from this policy process and creating recognition about existing coalitions in the field of cyberspace is also pursued. Policy process theories seek to explain how policies are formed and changed. This study seeks to explain the process of policy change in the fixed Internet bandwidth subsystem by applying the Advocacy Coalition framework (ACF) and the role of different coalitions in this change. Broadband policies, as one of the most important policies in the field of technical-infrastructure of cyberspace, have undergone a serious change since two decades ago. To this end, the following questions must be answered: 1.What coalitions have been formed by the actors for changing fixed internet bandwith policy subsystem? 2. What beliefs have existed among the actors of this policy subsystem? 3. What conditions and events have been effective in changing the Iran's fixed internet bandwith policy?

This study was conducted using a case study strategy and focusing on existing documents on bandwidth policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Documentary study method was used to review the documents and focus group mechanism was used to validate the findings. For this purpose, 15 important documents in this field have been analyzed and 8 macro and sub-trends have been extracted using the logic of qualitative methods.

The findings indicate that in the competition between the two coalitions of limited development and free development bandwidth, the most important factors in changing policies are: changing the country's governance system and the increasing development of technologies and, consequently, social pressure to shape this development. According to the history, review of documents, decisions, and obvious positions of different actors, we can generally identify two competing coalitions in the field of internet bandwidth in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 1. Limited Development Coalition, which accept network and bandwidth development only in the form of a national information network and considers development to be dependent on the production of appropriate and local content. In fact, the policy that they pursue is limited bandwidth development and is quoted in the rules and regulations. 2. The Free Bandwidth Development Coalition which considers bandwidth in general and without any serious distinction between being domestic or international, and According to its ideological foundations, unlike the previous coalition, it does not show any resistance against being influenced by foreign culture and the blurring of national borders in cyberspace. They consider this development to be an unconditional right of the citizens.

Learning from this process that took place in two decades and considering the current situation in Iran and the world is: 1-the change in some secondary beliefs and 2-the formation of a third coalition that pursues technology-oriented governance. Given the importance of platforms in today's world, the axis and index of development or non-development of bandwidth in the country should be focus on platforms and maintaining the power of governance to regulate and rule through them, not the restriction or lack of growth in quality and access.

The emergence of new technologies has presented the technological revolutions to humanity. Wise policymaking to maximize the use of opportunities and minimize the threats posed by such technologies in the country, requires attention to the environment and the study of social conditions. The study of how Iranians face historical challenges with emerging technologies is an issue that helps to better explain the contextual conditions prevailing in society and has important lessons for policy making in this area. Using the comparative-historical approach and focusing on the teaching methods of policy, as well as the use of library and documentary resources, this study seeks to find out how Iranians face new technologies during the Pahlavi and Qajar eras. For this purpose, the economic, political and cultural conditions of the Qajar and Pahlavi eras have been explained by historical studies. While studying how governments, intellectual currents and religious currents face the emergence of new technologies in these conditions, elements have been extracted that have existed jointly during this period and also have implications for the country's current policy. Finally, by presenting a kind of classification, the elements are classified into three categories: governance policies, community contexts, and key actors, which outline the overall conditions of the country's emerging technology policy system and provide a more comprehensive view of policymakers.

The Internet of Things is a new generation of advances in technology that has attracted the attention of many world researchers in recent years. Since the spread of new technologies affects various facets of society, it poses many challenges for governments, making it necessary for researchers to investigate the challenges in a variety of social fields, particularly policymaking. As one of the most significant ICT trends in the coming years, this technology will bring a broad range of issues.  Active exposure to this technology requires the provision of scientific and research infrastructure for policymaking. To this end, the prerequisite is to identify research agendas and research areas for the field researchers. When a new technology arrives, the primary question posed by policymaking academics is what challenges the government confronts in the safe development of this technology? Secondly, what theoretical and scientific support to better policymaking should be provided? Not only is the volume of social and policy research conducted on the Internet of Things not as satisfactory as a new technology, but also most studies consider the applications and study one of the dimensions of the challenges that may be facing in the future. This is while, in the first step, we need to answer the questions mentioned above, decide the research priorities, and provide researchers with a roadmap to concentrate on solving the right problems and balanced growth in this area. With a descriptive-analytical approach, and using the analytical framework and functional approach of the National Innovation System, this research aims to identify the knowledge issues of policymaking for the Internet of Things and direct policymaking research in this field. This study aims to examine other countries' experiences in directing their national research and innovation program using library resources and provide guidance to researchers interested in the evolving Internet of Things technology. Finally, the goals are categorized under the policy, structural, and technological approaches.