حسین طاهری

The aim of this study is to identify behavioral and cognitive patterns related to enhancing problem-solving skills in elementary school children. This qualitative study used thematic analysis. Fourteen elementary school children from Tehran were purposively selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was performed using Nvivo software and thematic analysis. The study focused on identifying behavioral and cognitive patterns affecting children's problem-solving processes. The findings indicated that cognitive skills such as logical and critical thinking, social skills like collaboration and group interaction, and self-regulation skills were key factors in enhancing problem-solving abilities in children. Moreover, social interactions and self-control skills significantly improved children's ability to solve complex problems. The results of this study suggest that strengthening cognitive and social skills in elementary school children can significantly help them in solving complex problems and improving their academic performance. These findings can assist educators in designing more effective educational programs focused on problem-solving.

In order to hold sports events as lively and safe as possible, managing the emotions of the spectators is one of the most important goals of those in charge of organizing competitions. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to design emotion management in creating stable security in major sports events in Iran. This research was carried out with a qualitative method based on the data theory of the foundation. The data was collected using in-depth interviews with 17 experts and experts [sports managers (5 people), law enforcement and sports managers (5 people), social psychology elites (7 people)], which continued in a targeted manner until the theoretical saturation of data collection was reached. Found. Open, central and selective coding methods were used for data analysis. To achieve validity, the three-tier method was used, and to achieve reliability, the retest method was used. The results showed that causal factors include police, security and psychological measures, background factors include fan culture and social changes; Intervening factors include event security weaknesses, audience management weaknesses, and organization coordination weaknesses. The strategies included psychological scientific management of the event, providing a platform for emotional release, technology, strengthening welfare services, education, using the media, and integrated psychological management. In order to manage emotions, the organizers of a sports event should know the mental state of the participants and use scientific psychological management of the fans to plan appropriate actions in an event to provide the grounds for a safe and lively event. Therefore, it is suggested that the trustees use law enforcement and psychological experts for emotion management

Addiction to virtual social networks such as Instagram may lead to deviant and harmful behaviors for users who use this space excessively. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of stimulants on Instagram addiction among athletes with the moderating role of psychological well-being.

The present study is of an applied research type and in terms of method it is descriptive and correlational study. Research data was collected from 246 athletes in Shahrood city, who were selected by available sampling method. The tools used in this research included three psychological stimuli and well-being questionnaires by Pounosamy et al. and addiction to Instagram by Shule and Rasadi. Also, the data was analyzed using partial least squares method and PLS software.

The results showed that recognition, information and social needs as well as psychological well-being have a positive and significant effect on athletes' Instagram addiction, but entertainment needs did not have a positive and significant effect on Instagram addiction. Psychological well-being does not have a moderating role in the relationship between stimuli and Instagram addiction.

The results showed that although this application has many benefits for athletes, if the use of this infrastructure is not properly managed, it can have destructive effects for athletes. Therefore, it is suggested that managers and officials pay more attention to the cognitive, information and social needs of athletes to reduce the addiction to Instagram among athletes.

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of organizational intelligence on the performance of NAJA sports managers.The research method is descriptive-survey in terms of nature and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 355 sports managers of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran working in the whole country. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan table of 184 people and was selected by simple random sampling method. For data collection, Albrecht (2003) and Chen et al.'s (2012) organizational intelligence questionnaires were used. The guidelines were validated and their reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient test for organizational intelligence 0.89 and for performance 0.82 which was confirmed. In order to analyze the data, the structural equation technique using Lisrel statistical software and Spss statistical software was used.The results showed that the planned goal, level of foresight, progress, follow-up, correlation, use of information and efficiency of NAJA sports managers with a positive impact of 0.73, 0.70, 0.64, 0.71, 0.78, 0.59 and 0.78 on their performance, respectively. And have meaning.The results of the present study showed that organizational intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the performance of NAJA sports managers.

employee health is one of the most important components of organizational health that increases productivity. The opposite point is the illness and disability of employees and referring to medical commissions to get the level of health. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the reasons for the tendency of employees to receive the level of health in Khorasan Razavi Border Guard Command.

This research is qualitative in terms of method, practical in terms of purpose, and exploratory in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research includes the commanders, managers, employees and doctors of the Health and Medical Department of Khorasan Razavi Border Guard Command, who were selected by a purposeful sampling method. and based on the "theoretical saturation principle" saturation was obtained after interviewing 26 people. In-depth interview tool was used to collect the data, and the data was coded with Max Kyoda software and thematic analysis method was used.

During interviews with experts, 69 basic themes were extracted and themes with the same concepts were integrated, and finally 6 organizing themes including educational factors (7 themes), nature-environmental factors of border areas (16 themes), individual and family factors of employees. Marzi (15 themes), command factors (10 themes), factors related to administrative structure (10 themes), mental and psychological factors (11 themes) were obtained.

Various factors such as personal-family, mental-psychological, educational, nature-environmental factors, command factors and factors related to the administrative structure have a contribution and influence in the tendency of employees to receive the level of health, according to their weight and role, but the role and contribution The employing organization (Marzbani and Faraja) and its management system are more prominent in the middle and executive levels that are directly connected with the employees of Safi Marzbani. And if you pay attention to the above, both the harms related to the organization and management will be removed, and a number of issues in the field of employees, which are now among the harms, will be turned into opportunities.

Talent acquisition is an important part of the process of achieving success in sports fields. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a process model of talent acquisition for the success of sports teams of the police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
In terms of purpose this study is of an exploratory research type and in terms of nature, it is considered a qualitative research that was conducted using thematic analysis method. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with experts and a targeted sampling method was used. Theoretical saturation was achieved by conducting 16 semi-structured interviews. The coding method was also used to analyze the data.
Based on the findings, the talent acquisition process model for the success of sports teams includes 5 organizing themes: (1) selection and detection of sports talents, (2) training and development of sports talents, (3) general preparation of sports talents, (4) specialized preparation and professional sports talents, and (5) maintenance and care of sports talents.
According to the themes obtained, if commanders, managers, superiors and all people involved in I.R.I. Police championship sports can apply and use the findings of this research, in the future we will witness the success of I.R.I. Police sports teams in various sports competitions.

With the spread of the Corona virus. , the purpose of this research is to identify the challenges of Shahid Beheshti Specialized Scientific School in Isfahan in improving the physical fitness of learners in the era of Corona. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of its nature, it is among qualitative research, in which to identify the challenges, interviews were conducted with the commander of Han, educational managers, health professionals and experts who are experts in this field, the participating community whose number Based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 17 experts who were related to the topic of the research were selected in a purposeful manner and by using the individual semi-structured interview tool, the desired information was received from them and categorized and coded in the “Maxqda” software. According to the objectives of the research, 148 codes in the form of 84 basic themes were extracted from the 210 pages of the interview text, and then the themes with the same concepts were merged and 5 organizing themes (mental and psychological challenges - health challenges - educational challenges - Management challenges - infrastructural challenges) was formed in the form of an overarching theme as the challenges of Commanders and managers in improving the physical fitness of learners in the era of Corona. The obtained results show that there are important challenges facing the Shahid Beheshti Specialized Scientific School of Isfahan to improve the physical fitness of learners in the era of Corona, that in order to overcome and neutralize these challenges, having experience and preparation, credibility And the necessary budget for the development of sports infrastructure, proper planning by Commander and the relevant managers is necessary.

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the research  includes 113 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2019. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) was used for statistical analysis. The findings of this study showed that assets growth, profit continuity, investment opportunities and profit management have an effect on dividends. There is also a significant relationship between earnings management and dividends. Finally, the distributed profit, assets growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, the growth of assets, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, profit growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. When investors determine the value of the company in terms of accounting data, it is necessary to consider the growth rate of assets. When the company does not have a shortage of available cash, the manager does not face a serious problem in allocating resources between investment opportunities and profit distribution. The growth of assets creates value for a company. Managers mostly proceed with profit continuation; Because the amount of profit and its fluctuation is important from the point of view of the company's shareholders and it affects the value of the company. Using investment opportunities and adopting favorable debt and profit sharing policies, which are among the tools of financial decisions, can improve the position of the company.

Forugh Farrokhzad, the representative of modern Iranian poetry, and Virginia Woolf, the representative of modern British fiction, have shown their readers the inner world of individuals in their poetry/ fiction. Enough similarities between these two works enable us to analyze both in an impressionistic context. The femininity of the text, the twenty-four-hour length of the narration, the resonant presence of the clock to separate the world of reality and mentality, the personal look at the surroundings, and the lack of coherence in the narrative structure are some of the common features between these two works. Using library resources, we have comparatively analyzed these two works by adapting an impressionistic outlook. The two simultaneous areas of internal and external timing, the stream of consciousness, pretended impressions of phenomena, associations, the confusion and thoughts of death and the discontinuity of the narrative serve as the bases of comparative reading of these two works. Findings suggest that continuous shifts from the objective to the subjective mind have endowed the narratives with a special chronology that has resulted in the duality of internal and external timing. At times, they have also led to anachronisms. The external time is the field of inevitable presence of the character in public while the inner time is the field of impressions of that presence and the representation of its memories.

One of the most important indicators of the police to deal with disrupters of order and security is the employees having high physical strength and combat readiness, and the importance of this is so much that it can be said that the lack of preparation will have irreparable consequences for the police command in terms of internal and external organization. Considering the importance of exercise and the need to use it in the police forces, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a qualitative model of the physical activities of the police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This research is practical in terms of purpose and was conducted with a qualitative approach in the form of content analysis. The statistical population includes the professors of the physical education department of Amin University of Administrative Sciences, university faculty members in the sports management department, commanders and managers related to the research topic in police command. The purposeful judgmental sampling method and data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, which was continued based on the principle of theoretical sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved (interview 17). The reliability of the interviews was realized through reviewing and modifying the findings and verifying the coding of each interview by the interviewee, and the reliability of the interviews was also confirmed by using the process audit and intra-subject agreement of 86%.

The development pattern of physical activities includes 5 main categories and 12 sub-categories, which include social dimensions (individual and group), inspection and monitoring dimensions (supervision and investigation, legal requirements), educational platforms (training and information), dimensions managerial (strategic, motivational, facility and financial development) and communication dimensions (sports interactions and media activities).

Considering the importance of police officers having high physical strength and combat readiness, it is necessary for police commanders and managers to provide the necessary sports facilities and platforms with proper interaction and communication, and by motivating the employees, in line with the development and improvement of all Try more sports in police command.

Commanders and managers are responsible for maintaining and promoting the martial arts of the staff in the units, and the skills in the operational shooting of the staff are among the most important factors influencing the combat capability. Therefore, the present study was aimed at examining the impact of managerial factors on enhancing the operational shooting skills of border guards (the study of West Azerbaijan).

In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied and descriptive-analytical method and a survey study. The statistical population of the study included commanders, deputies and administrators, coaches and experts of the West Azerbaijan Border Command Shooting field (95 individuals); using the Chrisi-Morgan Table, 76 individuals were selected as a statistical population by random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used with five dimensions, validity of which was confirmed by 14 experts using face and content validity; and reliability was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha test and its value for this questionnaire was 0.83.

The findings showed that all management factors in this study were effective in enhancing the shooting skills of West Azerbaijan border guards (Sig. 0.05). While the "training and training equipment" has the most impact.

By focusing on the management dimensions of this study, it can enhance the ability of employees to shooting skills in real missions and reduce the damage and failure of the border units in operational missions.

 The root of many problems in the field of shooting training is the view of officials and managers on this issue and the lack of use of scientific methods, so the purpose of this study is to identify the management factors that are effective in improving the steady shooting skills of employees of the police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Method:

The current qualitative research is an applied research that was conducted using thematic analysis method. The participants, whose number was also controlled based on the principle of theoretical saturation, included 17 managers, professors, experts, heroes and experts related to shooting training at the level of the police command, who were selected based on a purposeful judgment and using a semi-structured interview tool, information The necessary items were collected from them. Also, in this research, "Max Kyuda" software was used to analyze and code the textual data, in order to check the validity of the tool used, two review methods were used by the participants and non-participating experts in the research.

Findings:

According to the objectives of the research, 153 codes were extracted in the form of 139 basic themes, and then themes with the same concepts were integrated and 6 organizing themes (planning, organizing, mobilizing resources and facilities, monitoring and inspection, developing interactions and promoting The motivation of those involved in shooting) was formed in the form of 1 overarching theme with the title of management factors effective in improving the steady shooting skills of employees of the police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Conclusion:

The management of fixed target shooting training is a dynamic process that can be implemented in short and medium-term programs, taking into account the capacities of the country's law enforcement organization, therefore paying attention to the themes identified in this study and trying to implement them, can be the source of effective changes. Be consistent in the management of shooting training.

The violent behavior of the spectators is one of the most important issues for the organizers of the popular and exciting football matches, which occurs under the influence of various conditions and may have irreparable consequences. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of demographic characteristics of football spectators on the control of their violent behavior.

In terms of its objectives the current research is of an applied type and in terms of method and nature it is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population included two parts. The first part includes all football spectators in the year 2018-2019, which was considered to be 100,000 people on average, and the sample size of 200 people was calculated using Morgan's table. The second part included the employees of the special police unit of Tehran for about 370 people, 184 of whom were selected for the statistical sample and completed the researcher-made questionnaire whose validity (face and content) and reliability were confirmed. Binomial, U-Man-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests were also used for data analysis.

The findings of the research test showed that from the point of view of football spectators and special police unit employees, demographic characteristics including age, marital status, job, education, residence and geographical region play an effective and significant role in controlling the violent behavior of spectators (Sig=0.000). However, there is a significant difference between the two groups of special police unit employees and spectators regarding the intensity of the influence of marital demographic factors (Sig = 0.09), place of residence (Sig = 0.38) and geographic region (Sig = 0.12).

According to the obtained findings, for the effective control of sports gatherings, it is necessary for the authorities to consider the demographic characteristics of the spectators and plan and implement appropriate control measures accordingly.

Introduction :

Mrs. Dalloway’s novel is the story of a fine day in London in 1923; Clarissa Dalloway is preparing a big party and many people are introduced during her tours of the house, the town and her relationships with others. She has hired a tutor for her daughter Elizabeth, whose name is Miss Doris Kilman. She is one of the non-main characters who has a short presence, But it is very strong in the novel. While promoting the party and in just a few pages, the author shows us Kilman’s character from the mind and point of view of  Clarissa, Elizabeth and Kilman herself and the author reveals her appearance and psyche. In Hedayat's short story, Abji is an ugly girl who, although she is twenty-two years old, her time for marriage has passed and because she has no hope of any enjoyment in this world, she has taken refuge in religion and hopes for the blessings of the other world in heaven. She commits suicide in her younger sister's wedding due to humiliation and jealousy. Hedayat wants to show the destructive effects of people's beliefs. Therefore, the tragic end of Abji khanum's story is a bitter criticism of the culture of his time.

Today, intertextuality has provided the necessity of research between texts; the discussion of texts and intertextual influences examines the many commonalities and differences in the texts. This issue is the main necessity of all comparative research. This article, with the library method and characterological investigation of two stories that have different origins, habitats and languages, seeks to compare many similarities and differences of these two stories characters.

Each person's unique personality is made from his genetics, environment, interaction and lived experience with others; But some factors cause the emergence of similar characters, If one person interprets an experience as similar to another person, then their processes are psychologically similar. This is how the characters analyzed in this article, namely Abjikhanam and Doris Kilman, are similar. Abjikhanam and Doris Kilman, although they were created in two different countries, cultures, times and languages, have deep similarities to each other; Because they have similar psychological, interpersonal and family background. Wolff's view of the female characters in his stories is combined with feminist attention. There are many women in Mrs. Dalloway, each of them is treated as necessary; But in the characterization of Doris Kilman, she used a lot of precision and in addition to characterization techniques, she also used psychoanalysis. Hedayat also considered the psychological dimensions and invisible causes of behavior in dealing with Abji's character, and both works have a psychological infrastructure. The influence of family, community and relationships in the formation of human characters is undeniable; The basis of the personality of both women in both works is in addition to the direct psychological aspects related to the family and the dominant culture of the time. 

In the comparative analysis of the characters of Doris Kilman and Abji Khanum, it should be noted that both authors have spoken about the past of the characters in such a way that their current personality, intellectual and psychological characteristics can be seen. Also, the influence of family and general culture is prominent in the formation of both stories; Poverty and ugliness have increased Doris Kilman's sense of humiliation. She is alone, she has no supporter, friend or family, and most importantly, she has never been able to attract a man's attention. She is looking for a replacement to fill all her emotional and psychological voids; So she goes to church. Now she is a radical Christian. Abji khanum is also the same; she is ugly, she has a poor and ignorant family, she grew up with humiliation and discrimination from childhood, and as a result, she is now grumpy, jealous, hopeless and self-deprecating; her compensatory behavior is the extreme refuge in the mosque. Both characters believe that they should win over everyone and show off their superiority; Abji wants to achieve this goal with religious knowledge and Doris with her university degree. In addition, both of them wish for a situation where the differences between people disappear and everyone is equal; A condition or situation like heaven.The misbehavior and aggression of these two are also reactions of two damaged and wounded souls, with the difference that Doris had a happy life in Germany as a child; But Abji khanum has not benefited from this blessing either. Her mother always beat her and told her from the age of five that she was ugly and no man would marry her. The suicide of Hedayat's character shows the difference between his attitude and Wolff's. Woolf was an egalitarian feminist and wrote the character of Doris in such a way as to show her stubbornness in the unequal male system: Doris struggles for her life. Woolf - contrary to Hedayat - lived in a time when women had taken great strides for their rights. So, these two oldgirls have two different destinies, because the historical-cultural conditions and environmental conditions and the views of their authors are different.

controlling stadium atmosphere for a safe and merry event is one of the most challenging challenges for the players and officials of big sports events. The purpose of this research is designing a model for controlling the atmosphere of the stadium for the establishment of the sustainable security of large sport events in Iran.

this research was carried out by qualitative method based on grounded theory. data were collected by semi - structured interviews with 20 experts (7 people), security and law enforcement (7 people) social psychology elites (n = 5) that were purposefully gathered to achieve theoretical saturation of data collection. to achieve validity , the results of the research were presented to the participants and they were applied to the participants and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the test - retest method .

the results showed that causal factors including management and proper planning, disciplinary control, security and interaction and organizational communication; factors including poor media function, cultural management and psychological operation; strategies include justification and guidance of fans, timely judicial actions, improvement of welfare facilities, improving income and cultural management.

managers try to control the atmosphere of the sport stadium to provide the necessary ground for the maintenance of mental relaxation of spectators. Therefore, it is suggested that for this purpose, the custodians of mental health, law enforcement and removing the obstacles, should create the atmosphere of the stadium atmosphere.

Political insight and awareness is an inevitable necessity for any organization and the promotion of the political dimension in the managers of that organization is of great importance. Based on this, knowing the indicators of political insight based on the content of the Supreme Leader's statements and the statement of the second step of the revolution is necessary for the I.R.I. Police group. The purpose of the present study is to explain the indicators of improving the political insight of the commanders and managers of I.R.I. Police, emphasizing the statement of the second step of the revolution.

In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type, and in terms of the nature it is an exploratory study with content analysis. Its sampling was done purposefully. In data collection, the statements of the Supreme Leader and the statement of the second step were studied and the content related to the topic was selected. Citaway software was used for data collection and MAXQDA software was used for organizing categories and in the process of explaining indicators, open, central and selective coding were used.

According to the final volume of 214 pages of analyzed content, the research findings were identified as 1122 codes and sub-codes regarding the six dimensions of revolutionism, devoting to the leader, anti-arrogance, enmity, chronology and foresight in the form of 89 sets of main codes.

Based on the main indicators, six components of "revolutionism, devoting to the leader, anti-arrogance, enmity, chronology and foresight" were identified and explained in the field of political intelligence. The results of the research show that these indicators have a significant effect in improving the political insight of the commanders and managers of I.R.I. Police.

One of the main concerns of military commanders is always to improve the combat readiness of employees in the executive ranks, and to achieve this annual goal, a large part of the time and expenses of these organizations are spent on this matter; However, the combat readiness of the employees of these organizations requires more effort to achieve greater usefulness, and the marine units are not exempt from this issue. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify the challenges of commanders and managers in improving the combat readiness of Bushehr Admiralty Command staff. The current qualitative research is developmental-applied in terms of the purpose which has been conducted using content analysis and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts and elites related to the subject of the research, until theoretical saturation was achieved. Also, the information obtained from the research community was categorized and coded after implementation in MAXQDA software. According to the objectives of the research, in the end, the number of 354 codes, taking into account repeated codes, 38 basic themes and 5 organizing themes, including management challenges, manpower challenges, challenges of facilities and equipment, scientific and practical challenges and legal and judicial challenges were identified. Therefore, in order to improve the combat readiness of the units under their command, commanders and managers must first take action to solve the management challenges that are rooted in their command style and scientific and experimental capabilities, and then take the necessary action regarding other challenges and obstacles facing the combat readiness of the staff.

One of the most important ways of spending leisure time is using swimming pools and water parks. Therefore, the current research, in order to maintain the physical and mental health of the users of these places, seeks to develop a model for water safety in swimming pools by using appropriate strategies.

The current qualitative research was conducted using the foundation data model. The statistical population was university faculty members in the department of sports management and medical sciences, officials of the sports and youth department, experts in the field of construction and equipping of sports facilities, managers and users of swimming pools in Mazandaran province, north of Iran in 2022. The non-random sampling method; and a semi-structured interview with open questions were used. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation (Interview No. 18). In order to finalize the research, validity and reliability criteria were used.

After removing the similar codes, 64 concepts were identified in the field of water safety development in swimming pools, which are in two main categories of operational development (including technical measures, security measures, emergency services, health measures) and strategic development (including training and culture, preventive measures).

Some important recommendations in the field of developing a model for water safety in swimming pools include preventing the formation of calcareous deposits on the surface of the pool, preventing the growth of algae in the pool, having an oxygen device in swimming pools and familiarizing rescuers and lifeguards with resuscitation methods and quick connection with medical centers.

Identify the positive consequences of sports activities in crime prevention.

The present study was conducted qualitatively with the foundation data approach in 1400. The sampling method was purposeful and the interviews were semi-structured until theoretical saturation (interview # 18). The statistical population of the study was the faculty members of the universities in the Department of Psychology, Law, Sports Management and professors of Amin University of Law Enforcement Sciences. In order to finalize the research, the criteria of validity and reliability were used and its reliability was determined by the method of agreement between the two coders of 0.80.

After classifying the research findings, 57 concepts were divided into 5 sub-categories: personal empowerment, improvement of mental capacity, development of desirable behaviors, development of interactions and development of cultural identity. Finally, all categories were divided into two main categories of individual development and social development.

Some of the benefits of continuous presence of community members in sports activities include; Reduce smoking, improve lifestyle, drain energy and emotions, reduce depression, promote social relationships, increase mutual respect between people, feel valued in the individual, improve the processes of personality formation, reduce family conflicts and The formation of a culture is to deal with unhealthy activities; These factors play an important role in crime prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to create a culture and provide a suitable environment for the participation of individuals in society in sports activities.

Water is a main factor in agriculture activities and almost 70 percent of world water resources are consumed in agriculture. Drought consist the most important environmental restriction to plant growth and production. Drought stress is known to change a range of physiological processes such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Citrus are one of sub-tropical and tropical fruits and the most important horticultural products in the world that tolerate low temperature and weak drainage but as regards Citrus growing in sub-tropical and tropical regions that often expose drought. Drought is one the environment stress factors that is caused changes in plants morphological and physiological characteristics. Study of survival time in the three citrus rootstocks in sever stress circumstances showed that this time in rootstocks poncirus, cleopatra mandarine and former-alkaeid 5 were 11, 13 , 20 days, respectively  while survival time in valencia on the rootstocks was 21, 26 and 29 days, respectively. This study was performed in order to study drought tolerant in natural genotypes with the poncirus and rough lemon. And so, morphological and physiological characteristics were investigated in this genotypes. 
This research was performed in separately two tests in Citrus and subtropical fruits research center on 2016. In the first test, survival time and total transpiration and in the second test, organs fresh and dry weight, ion leackage and leaf relative water content were assessed in factorial experiment based on randomized completely design in nucellar seedlings of 8 Citrus natural genotypes (G10, G11, G12, G16, G18, G22, G23, G25) poncirus and rough lemon under glasshouse conditions (with temperature 26-28 degree centigrade in day and 20-22 degree centigrade in night and 80-85 percent relative humidity). Factors were 10 Citrus genotypes and two treatment of irrigation (optimum irrigation and withholding irrigation for six weeks) in the second test and 10 Citrus genotypes in the first test. In this study, medium weight moisture is calculated and due to the soil moisture characteristics curve was obtained medium matric potential. The matric potential rate was in control -0.03 megapascal and in sever stresss -1.5 megapascal. Organs fresh and dry weight were measured on digital balance with accuracy 0.01 gr. (model GM 6101, Germany). S amples were dried in oven (70 degree centigrade and for 48 hours). RWC is measured by using of fresh weight, dry weight and turgid weight in this formula: RWC= [(FW-DW) / (TW-DW)] × 100. Ion leackage was determined by use of 4 equal leaf segments and measuring of primary and secondary ion leackage in this fomula: EL (%) = (EL1/EL2) × 100. The first research was included of 10 treatment, six replication and one seedling in every plot and the second research was included of 20 treatment, three replication and two seedlings in every plot. SAS software (ver. 9.1) and Duncan test were used to variance analysis and mean comparison. Excel software was used to graphs drawing.
The results showed that in first test, poncirus (with 125 days) and G11 (with 78 days) have longer survival time and are more tolerant and so rough lemon (with 38 days) and G12 (with 44 days) were more susceptible. Others were intermediate. Slowest of water consumption time in poncirus and the most quick in rough lemon, and so maximum of total transpiration in G25 and minimum in poncirus was observed. In second test, decrease maximum of leaf, shoot and total fresh weight in G22 (arranged by 0.37, 0.47 and 0.42) and decrease minimum in G11 (arranged by 0.48, 0.54 and 0.52), decrease maximum of root fresh weight in G22 (with 0.35 fold) and decrease minimum in G18 (with 0.52 fold), decrease maximum of root/shoot fresh weight in G18 (with 0.61 fold) and decrease minimum in G23 (with 0.65 fold) and increase maximum of root/shoot dry weight in G16 (with 1.56 fold) and increase minimum in poncirus (with 1.3 fold) was observed in compared with control. In stress, G18 (with 32.32 percent) and G12 (with 34.37 percent) had leaf relative water content minimum in compared with control. G12 (with 78.59 percent) and G18 (with 73.16 percent) had maximum and poncirus (with 31.85 percent) minimum ion leackage percent in compared with control. Therefore, rough lemon, G12 and G18 as susceptible and poncirus and G11 as tolerant to drought were introduced.
In stress conditions, poncirus has longer survival time, slower water consumption time, minimum total transpiration and minimum ion leackage percent and is most tolerant. Rough lemon has shower survival time, more rapid water consumption time and is most susceptible. Other genotypes locate in after grades. Therefore poncirus and rough lemon can be used as rulers in tests of drought study.

Farid al-Din Attar is one of the most influential mystics of Khorasan mysticism. His influence and acceptability among the Sufis is to an extend that even the mystics of the Baghdad school have paid close attention to his views. One of the representatives of theoretical mysticism is Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, who is influenced by ibn Arabi on one hand and Attar on the other. Shabestari in a part of his valuable work, Golshan-i Raz, has set his views on mystical journey in seven stations. Each station is named after one of the divine prophets who have been prominent in an attribute, which is necessary to reach the station of oneness and spiritual perfection. From the station of repentance which is specific to Adam to Muhammad’s station which is the station of oneness, they are reminiscent of Attar’s Valley of the Quest to the Valley of Poverty and Annihilation in the Mantiq-ut-Tair (The Conference of the Birds). Both theories have seven stages, both lead to poverty and annihilation and both have come to the attention of later theorists. Due to the existence of such a capacity between two mystical masterpieces, main emphasis of the present article is on the intellectual and linguistic similarities between Mantiq ut-Tair and Golshan-i Raz to present a theory of mystical journey in order to propose a new approach in restoring the foundations of common mysticism between Attar and Shabestari (a combination of the philosophical mysticism of ibn Arabi's oneness of being and the mysticism of the intuitive oneness of the Khorasan school).

One of the most brilliant realist works of nineteenth-century in France is Stendhal “The Red and The Black”, which, according to realist principles, shows the close relationship of society with the individual and the profound effect of this relationship on the destiny of the individual. The main character of the novel, Julien Sorel, son of the Sorel carpenter family, from the lower class, at different stages of his life, tries to make changes and reach the desired conditions with his love, extravagance and rich intelligence , the powerful or influential people destroy the result of his efforts and Julien is forced to choose the second option in the struggle between being weak or rebellious and be executed with a guillotine; A choice that is a completely social and familial algebraic product. This article seeks to analyze the actions and interactions of the main character based on a set of social factors and to draw the logic of a realistic character, based on the description and analysis of the content of the novel. The methodology is descriptive-analytical based on library resources and data analysis.

The aim of this research was to investigate the sense of security role in the sports tourism industry. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population includes about 78,000 spectators of the match between Esteghlal and Traktorsazi of Tabriz soccer teams in Azadi Stadium in the first half of the league season (2018-2019); Using Cochran's formula, 384 of them were selected by random sampling. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires related to the sense of security and the re-presence of sports tourists were used, the form and content validity of which was confirmed by 12 professors and experts. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the reliability of these questionnaires was 0.82 and 0.84, respectively. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation, simple, and multiple linear regressions were also used to analyze the data. The results illustrated that sense of security, after, before, and during the match with beta values of 0.382, 0.312, and 0.248, respectively in this sporting event, had the greatest impact on the re-presence of sports tourists (p < 0 0.05).

Security is one of the most important and fundamental factors affecting the development of the tourism industry; As long as there is no security, there will be no travel and it will be useless to talk about tourism; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the internal challenges of police in providing security for tourists in the resorts of Khorramabad.

In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and in terms of nature, it is a mixed method research (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative section, 12 experts, specialists and experts in the field of security and tourism were interviewed to identify theoretical challenges. Challenges were identified using content analysis method. In the quantitative part of the research, in order to classify and identify the most important challenges, the Delphi method was performed in four stages with the help of 15 experts. For data analysis, Kendall, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and t-sample statistical tests were used.

Out of 50 challenges identified in the interview stage, after four stages of questionnaire implementation in the Delphi group, with 16 Kendall agreement coordination coefficient, 16 important challenges were agreed upon and consensus of experts. In the accreditation stage, the results of one-sample t-test showed that the identified challenges, including the challenges of police experts and the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization, are in the field of action.

The most important challenges agreed upon by the group of experts in the field of order, security and tourism are suggested; In order to make the best use of the tourism potential of the region, the officials should pay serious attention to solving these challenges.

The presence of families in the stadium is a problem on which there are different opinions; therefore, the present study was conducted to identify and analyze the theoretical patterns of the presence of families as spectators in the stadium.

The present applied research was performed using Q methodology which is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative stage, after interviewing experts, reading scientific articles, news reports, etc., a discourse space was formed. Then Q cards were prepared and 88 people from the discourse space were selected by purposive sampling to participate in the research. Data were also analyzed using cluster analysis.

The results showed that there are four patterns of opinion regarding families in the stadium: 1- Preventing false international attacks against the country 2- Improving the culture of spectators, improving the quality of competitions, participation and social satisfaction of women 3- The possibility of families attending the stadium subject to Providing facilities and infrastructure 4- Inadequate stadium environment for the presence of families and incompatibility with religious and cultural teachings

Based on the identified theoretical models, three theoretical models agree with the presence of families in the stadium and the fourth theoretical model generally opposes the presence of families in the stadium.