حسین عباسی

The present study was conducted to predict body image concerns based on rejection sensitivity, defense mechanisms, and sexual self-esteem in people referring to Zanjan gyms. The study was of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population was all men referring to Zanjan city gyms in 2023. From this community, 384 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. Research data collection tools: Body Image Concern Questionnaire (BICQ) by Littleton et al. (2005), Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) by Downey and Feldman (1996), Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DMQ) by Andrews et al. (1993) and Sexual Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SSEQ) was Basel and Rostahl (1996). Multivariate regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that rejection sensitivity, defense mechanisms, and sexual self-esteem could explain 24% of men's body image concern variance in three steps (p<0.05). According to the findings, interventions can be designed and implemented to improve rejection sensitivity, defense mechanisms, and sexual self-esteem to reduce body image concerns in men.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all married women aged 18 to 55 years with a history of self-immolation who referred to health centers in the city of Dohdasht in the second half of 2021, and 160 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1961), Young Schema Short Form Questionnaire (1988), Zimmet et al.'s Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988), and Klonoff and Landrin's Gender Discrimination Events Questionnaire (1995). The data were analyzed using Piron's correlation and multiple regression simultaneously. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between initial maladaptive schemas, perceived gender discrimination and suicidal tendencies, and a negative and significant relationship between social support and suicidal tendencies (p<0.01). Also, the results have shown that initial maladaptive schemas, social support, and perceived gender discrimination predict 0.59 suicide tendency in women with self-immolation experience.

Reasons as a thinking tool in philosophy play a central role in the discussions of this science. In the meantime, especially secondary philosophical reasons are of double importance in the direction of philosophical research and analysis. This is especially important in transcendental wisdom, which analyzes facts from the perspective of objective reality and not from the lens of the mind. In this regard, due to the importance of this discussion, Mulla Sadra has a special view on the second philosophical reason and has presented a different explanation from the famous opinion of his era in the second philosophical reason. Due to Mullah Sadra's distance from the point of view of being famous and liberating, some of his expressions in using the term "reasonable second", the late philosophers have been confused in understanding and presenting this debate, and some have even raised contradictory opinions. Therefore, in this article, while examining some of these opinions, we have investigated the nature and coordinates of the reasonable second philosophy in Mulla Sadra's point of view. One of the results of this discussion is to find the correct understanding of transcendental wisdom and especially the issues that are based on Mulla Sadra's basis in the reasonable second philosophical discussion on transcendental wisdom.

Thin aluminum films have various applications in different industries because of their special properties, including low density and high ductility. Due to the progress in the manufacturing process, it is now possible to produce ultra-thin aluminum films with very low thickness, even on the nanoscale. This paper aims to numerically investigate the mechanical behavior of ultra-thin aluminum films using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. Because of the high reactivity of aluminum in the vicinity of oxygen, the representative volume elements (RVEs) of the aluminum film are simulated based on the aluminum core-alumina shell model to study the effect of different thicknesses of the surface oxide layer. In order to stabilize the atomistic RVEs under environmental conditions, the relaxation process is applied, and the total energy of the system is minimized. Then, the relaxed configuration of RVEs is analyzed under different mechanical tests, and their different mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and different material characteristics are calculated at different temperatures. The accuracy of the numerical simulations is validated by comparing the results with the experimental data. Based on the MD results, analytical relations are presented to determine the different mechanical parameters of thin aluminum films as a function of the oxide layer thickness and ambient temperature. Comparison of the proposed analytical relations with the experimental data, demonstrates their capability and generalizability for the micro- and macro-size aluminum sheets.

Nowadays, according to the global population growth, building and automobile generation are increasing. Hence, the vehicle collision to structures is increasing too, and these events may cause more vulnerability on structures. That's why, these structures need to be re-evaluated for strengthening and rehabilitating, but this issue is usually ignored and neglected. For this reason, in this study has been made an effort to determine, the rate of concrete structure vulnerability under vehicle collision on corner and middle columns with 10, 60 and 100 km/h speeds with19 seismic records simultaneously as incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Also this speeds may be define as low, medium and high speeds. At initiation, by ETABS software and according to Iran's seismic design code of buildings (4th edition) a concrete structure with intermediate moment frame system was designed. Then to obtain the force-time spectrum, the vehicle collision and a concrete structure was simulated by LSDYNA software. After that this building was analysed under several force-time spectrum and 19 seismic records in near field. After that the fragility curves due to incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) were drawn. Finally, according to failure indicators from HAZUS standard, the probability of damage from vehicle collision and 19 seismic records on corner and middle columns was evaluated. Then it was specified, the collision causes permanent deformations on structural elements and increasing in vehicle speed will increase the horizontal displacement of story and reduces the base shear, as well as increases the rate of damage on structure finally. For instance, the rate of displacement ratio from vehicle collision to concrete structure with 10, 60 and 100 speeds, which indicates the rate of damage, applied on structure is equal 0.00152, 0.00515 and 0.023.

Fragility curves are utilized to evaluate the probability of exceeding the damage index for structures exposed to seismic hazards. The Monte Carlo simulation method, which involves generating random numbers, is computationally expensive for calculating fragility curves. To address this issue, several methods have been proposed to produce fragility curves at a reduced computational cost. This study presents a method that enhances the seismic representation of high-dimensional models to generate accurate fragility curves for steel structures while significantly decreasing computational costs. This method selects uncertain variable values based on the results of initial incremental dynamic analyses. The fragility curves are divided into three zones, and an equation is proposed to estimate mean damage values associated with the boundaries of these zones. Additionally, polynomial response functions were generated to estimate the fragility curves. The proposed method is applied to generate the fragility curves for three steel structures, one with 4, 9, and 12 stories. Fragility curves are generated for four damage levels: non-structural damage (DS1), structural retrofitting required (DS2), intensive structural damage (DS3), and collapse (DS4). The resulting fragility curves are compared with those generated by the Monte Carlo simulation method and other existing methods. The comparison demonstrates that the proposed method achieves fragility curves with a significant decrease in computational costs compared to the Monte Carlo method while also exhibiting higher accuracy than other methods. The maximum error of the proposed method is approximately 20%, whereas Cornell's and the conventional HDMR methods exhibit errors of up to 80% and 60%, respectively. The errors of other methods increase significantly for fragility curves associated with high damage levels and 9- and-12 story steel structures, where nonlinear structural behavior is pronounced. In contrast, the increase in error is not significant in the proposed method. The findings of this study can be utilized to assess the seismic impact of various stochastic factors, such as random eccentricity or loading-related parameters, on the vulnerability of steel structures.

Reviewing the literature related to the use of polysyllabic words in the assessment of speech sound disorders (SSD) in children have indicated the necessity of using these words for providing additional information such as prognostic information. Despite strong literature in other languages, there is scant research on examining the production of these words in the Persian language among children aged 4-7 years. Therefore, this study aims to design and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the polysyllabic words test (PWT) for measuring production skills in Iranian preschool children.

In this cross-sectional study, First, 532 polysyllabic words with 3, 4, 5, and 6 syllables were selected from preschool children's books, which was reduced to 66 words after agreement among authors in three rounds. The content validity of the items was examined according to the opinions of five experts in typical speech development and SSD in terms of four criteria: Appropriateness for producing polysyllabic words, appropriateness for children aged 4-7 years, imageability, and cultural fit. After selecting pictures, face validity of items was examined by implementing the test on eight 4-7-year-old children (at least one child from each age group). Finally, 40 items were considered as the final words of PWT. For measuring psychometric properties, 120 children with normal development (60 males, 60 females), and 20 children with SSD (10 males, 10 females) participated. The control children were divided into 6 age groups with a 6-month interval (10 males and 10 females in each age group). Their inclusion criteria were age 4-7 years, not being bilingual, and passing the Persian diagnostic evaluation of articulation and phonology test (DEAP; Zarifian, 2014) and informal language screening test successfully. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of most schools, the sampling of control children was done using a convenience method from two cities (Tehran and Karaj). The inclusion criteria for SSD children were: Inability to pass the DEAP test, not being bilingual, and having SSD. Their sampling was also done using a convenience method. For evaluating construct validity, the differences among six age groups, between males and females, and between control and SSD children were examined in terms of total score, percent consonants correct (PCC), percent vowels correct (PVC), and percent phonemes correct (PPC). Test-retest reliability was determined using 20 children at a one-week interval, and inter-rater reliability was determined by investigation of relations between scores of two independent raters for 20 children using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The internal consistency was determined by measuring the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent t-test, Tuckey’s post hoc test, were used for data analysis in SPSS software, version 26.

In comparing the age groups, the results showed a significant difference in terms of total score, PCC and PPC (P<0.001), but not significant difference was found in PVC (P=0.23). No significant differences were found between males and females in total score, PCC, PPC, or PVC. In comparing control and SSD children, the results showed a significant difference between the two groups in total score, PCC, PPC (P<0.001), and PVC (P=0.02). The ICC was reported 0.98 for test-retest reliability and 0.79 for intra-rater reliability. The internal consistency was 0.75 for 3-syllable words, 0.65 for 4-syllable words, and 0.63 for 5-syllable words.

The Persian PWT can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring speech production ability of Iranian children with SSD aged 4-7 years in clinical settings or for research. This test is consistent with other tests such as Baker (2013)’s test in terms of considering methodological principles such as inclusion words with different lengths, phonetic forms, and stress patterns, high imageability, using common words for preschool children, and providing opportunities for eliciting common error patterns of the target language.

Understanding the Transcendental Philosophy and researching it as a systematic system in Islamic philosophy and explaining the type of research done in its different fields, requires attention to the foundations and the type of methodology that prevails in it so that the various contents presented in it can be well understood. In order to eliminate doubts and explain this presence, while expressing the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy, the capacities and growth of this philosophy in the direction of Islamic philosophical research are revealed. The Transcendental Philosophy describes the coherent relationship between philosophy and religion and mysticism, whose philosophical explanation of methodology can be considered as a macro model for expanding and deepening the research of related religious knowledge. Therefore, while explaining the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy, the nature and foundations of the special method of this philosophy, that is, the illuminating-discussion method is discussed in which intuition and reason are gathered. Also, to explain the general method of this philosophy, that is, the nature and foundations of Mulla Sadra’s use of religious texts and theoretical mysticism in the Transcendental Philosophy have been discussed.