حسین واحدی

The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of academic emotions, perceptions of the university atmosphere, and learning behaviors in predicting the academic enthusiasm among the teacher students of Farhangian University of East Azerbaijan. This research was of applied type and followed a descriptive-correlational method. The population included a total number of 3103 male and female student teachers in the academic year of 2020-2021. Out of which 342 student teachers were selected through Convenience sampling. Fredericks et al.'s (2004) academic enthusiasm, Pakran et al.'s (2005) academic excitement, Raf et al.'s (1997) educational environment, and McDermott et al.'s (1999) learning behaviors questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by means of Multiple Regression analysis of SPSS 22. The results showed that there was a direct positive relationship between positive academic emotions, perceptions of the university atmosphere, and learning behaviors, but the relationship was negative and reversely significance for academic emotions at p<0.001. The predictive power of positive academic emotions was higher than the other research variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that academic emotions, perceptions of university atmosphere, and learning behaviors play a role in explaining academic enthusiasm and some interventions on academic emotions, perceptions of the university atmosphere, and learning behaviors are necessary to improve academic enthusiasm.

Paying attention to local patterns in achieving individual and organizational goals can change the situation. The Iranian Islamic model of progress (jihadi management) as a leadership style will be a practical strategy in achieving a dynamic organization. Of course, it should be noted that the existence of infrastructure can put any organization and management in this situation. The aim of the current research is to examine the relationship between jihadi management and the evolution of the administrative system, which seems necessary in today's changing conditions. This research is descriptive and has been done by survey method. The statistical population studied includes the managers of the general offices of Mazandaran province, which were 83 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In this article, the results of the analysis showed that jihadi management can affect the transformation of the administrative and system in the general offices of Mazandaran province.

Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) represent a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in acquiring academic skills in one or more areas. These difficulties persist despite typical intelligence and sufficient access to educational resources. In 2021, a research study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, with the objective of comparing visual-spatial performance, attention problems, and cognitive processing speed among male students with and without specific learning disabilities in writing. This research adopted a casual-comparative method, selecting two groups of 60 third-grade male students through purposive sampling. One group comprised students with diagnosed learning disabilities in writing, who were under the care of the Learning Disabilities Center. The other group consisted of typically developing students attending regular schools. Data collection involved the utilization of the Conners Neuropsychological Scale (2004), and data analysis employed a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The study's results revealed significant differences in attention-related problems, cognitive processing speed, and visual-spatial performance between students with learning disabilities in writing and their typically developing peers. These findings offer valuable insights for educators working with students facing learning disabilities and for psychologists involved in their care.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sternberg thinking styles and the three Dimensions of Perfectionism with the happiness of female high school students in Khoy. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The Statistical population of the present study included female high School students in Khoy city in the 1399-1400 academic year, with a number of 5300 according to the report of the Department of Education. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. Krejcie and Morgan sampling table was used to determine the sample size and 357 people were selected as the sample. Data collection tools were the Sternberg Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple regression analysis. The results showed that, there is a positive and significant relationship between thinking styles and its components (legislative, executive and judicial thinking styles) with the happiness of female high School students. Also there is a negative and significant relationship between perfectionism and its components (self-centered, other-oriented and community-oriented perfectionism) with the happiness of female high school students. In addition, thinking styles and perfectionism are able to predict happiness in students. .

In recent years, the use of technology and educational media in education has been one of the focus of studies. These media both improve the accuracy of the operation and increase the speed of learning and transfer of concepts. Considering the graphic and spatial nature of the content of the geometry course and the problems related to accurate and correct drawing and visualization of shapes, it seems necessary to use new methods and tools in education. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of teaching the geometry lesson with electronic educational media methods (teaching with dynamic and static graphic images) and teaching in the traditional way , on the academic progress and geometrical academic self-efficacy of the students.

According to the nature of the work, the research method was quasi-experimental. To conduct the research, a pretest-posttest with a control group design was used. The statistical population of this study included all male students in the tenth grade of mathematics in a District 1 of Tabriz in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample consisted of 79 male students in the tenth grade of mathematics, including 3 classes, which were selected by availability sampling method and were randomly divided into three class groups. There were 26 people in the teaching group using dynamic graphic images electronic media class group, 26 people in the teaching group using static graphic images electronic media class group, and 27 people in the traditional teaching class group. The intervention tool of this research included the software for electronic teaching dynamic graphic images (Geo Gebra) and a set of educational slides designed by the researchers for teaching static graphic images. The study groups were trained for 6 weeks, 1 session per week and 90 minutes per session. In order to collect data related to academic progress, all three groups before and after the intervention, were assessed by using two parallel tests made by the researchers, including 14 questions, in the form of open-ended questions (explanatory) about the concepts of drawing and geometric reasoning from the geometry book of the 10th grade of the mathematics field. The first test was used as a pre-test and the second test was used as a post-test. Also, the participants answered the math self-efficacy questionnaire before and after the training. The data obtained from the pre-test and post-test stages were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) after checking the assumptions.

The results showed that the studied teaching methods had different effects on academic progress. With regard to the academic progress, the difference between electronic educational groups (P<0.009), between electronic education group with dynamic graphic images and common education group (P<0.001) and between electronic education group with static graphic images and common education group (P<0.001) was significant. Also, the results showed that the studied teaching methods had different effects on geometry academic self-efficacy. Regarding academic self-efficacy, the difference between electronic educational groups (P<0.02), etween electronic education group with dynamic graphic images and common education group (P<0.05) and between electronic education group with istatic graphic images and common education group (P<0.001) was significant. Among the studied groups of this research, the best results of academic progress and academic self-efficacy were related to electronic education group with dynamic graphic images.

The results of this study showed that the use of teaching methods with graphic images by teachers in teaching geometry can have a positive effect on students' academic achievement and academic self-efficacy. The use of these tools can play the role of an educational facilitator in improving the students’ academic performance.

The monotheistic integrated approach is one of the new psychological interventions, which pays attention to the spirituality and religious values ​​in the intervention process. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of an integrated monotheistic approach using the reverse jigsaw educational model and traditional teacher-centered education on the skill of Assertive behavior.

The research is an applied type and was conducted semi-experimentally with a pre-test-post-test with a control group design. A sample of 96 prisoners was selected from the population of clients in Tabriz prison. One group from any gender was trained in the monotheistic integrated approach using the reverse jigsaw pattern method, and one group was trained in the usual traditional training method, and one group was designated as a control. Therefore, 16 people of each gender were included in each group. To collect the data in the pre-test and post-test phases, Gambrill and Richey's assertiveness questionnaire was used. The educational content of the integrated monotheistic approach was implemented to the experimental groups using two traditional methods and the reverse jigsaw teaching model, for six sessions.

The ANOVA results showed that in the skill of Assertive behavior, the difference of reverse jigsaw with the control group is significant. Also, the difference between both training groups and the traditional education group is significant.

The monotheistic integrated approach with both methods Especially the reverse jigsaw teaching method improves the assertive skills of prison clients.

The occurrence of war is one of the factors that can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the role of attitude towards spirituality and resilience in predicting marital satisfaction of spouses of veterans with post-traumatic stress in East Azerbaijan province. Research method is correlational type and from the statistical population of the study, including the wives of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder, 120 people were selected as the sample based on the available sampling method. Subjects answered the tools of this study including Shahidi and Faraji Spiritual Attitude, Connor-Davidson Resilience and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis methods. The results of the research showed that attitude towards spirituality has a significant correlation with marital satisfaction. The results showed that the components of attitude towards spirituality and resilience components had significant relation with marital satisfaction. Attitudes towards spirituality and resilience predict 42% of changes in marital satisfaction. Among the components of attitude towards spirituality, spiritual ability and among the components of resilience, spiritual influences, Positive acceptance of change and secure relationships and perceived control can predict marital satisfaction. The predictive power of other variables (spiritual attitude, Trust in one´s instincts and Personal competence) is not significant. The results of this research highlight the need to carry out interventions in order to improve resilience and attitude towards spirituality to improve marital satisfaction in spouses of post-traumatic stress disorder veterans.

Using appropriate and efficient teaching methods can speed up and deepen the education process. This research aims to introduce the project-based learning method in basic Science education to students. The current research method is a review of research literature. Researches conducted between 2000 and 2022 in the field of project-based learning, especially in chemistry education, have been examined. The research results show that the use of project-based learning method improves academic performance. Also, in academic motivation, creating empathy, group behavior has significant positive effects. Learning with this method is highly durable due to the active participation of students and obtaining answers through their own efforts. In this method, the high participation of learners makes them satisfied. They can relate the problem solving skills learned in it to real life. However, teaching in this way requires more participation of teachers in designing educational projects based on the content of chemistry courses and preparing tools and infrastructure in the school and high participation of learners. Using the project-based learning method in the chemistry classroom is recommended to teachers and university professors.

There are many approaches to teaching science, and among them, the inquiry-based approach has significant support from science educators. A good education should basically be a judicious combination of approaches, the research approach being one of them. This research aims to introduce the inquiry-based learning method in the teaching of basic sciences, especially in the field of chemistry, to students. The current research method is a review of research literature. Researches conducted in the field of inquiry-based learning, especially in chemistry education, have been examined. The research results show that the learning with inquiry-based learning method refers to student activities in which they develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world. In the inquiry-based approach, students learn to formulate ideas and explanations about specific phenomena and then conduct simple investigations to test their ideas. the use of inquiry-based learning method improves academic performance and also has a significant effect on academic motivation and positive emotions. Learning by this method as a result, due to the active participation of students and obtaining answers through their own efforts, it has a high durability.

Using appropriate and efficient teaching methods can speed up and deepen the education process. lack of attention to pay attention to the expression of concepts and lack of attention to use practical examples in chemistry causes students to not make a proper connection with the theoretical aspect of these lessons and not to have enough motivation to learn basic lessons in them. This research has been done with the aim of applying the principles of physics in teaching chemistry concepts to students. The current research method is a review of research literature. Researches conducted between 1996 and 2022 in the field of application of physics concepts in teaching chemistry concepts have been investigated. The results of the research show that the use of physics concepts in teaching chemistry concepts increases the interest and positive academic attitude in the chemistry course

This research aims to compare family cultural functioning and excitement-seeking in delinquent teenagers and normal peers. The current research is an applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of causal-comparative type. The statistical population under study in the current research is all the delinquent teenagers arrested by the sheriffs of Marand city, numbering 60 people. From this number, according to Morgan's table and the available sampling method, 50 people were selected as a sample and compared with 50 of their peers. The tools used in this research were Zuckerman's excitement-seeking questionnaire (1993) and McMaster's family questionnaire. The obtained results illustrated that the functioning of the family in delinquent teenagers and normal peers and the level of excitement-seeking in delinquent teenagers and normal peers are different.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the misconceptions in the concepts of volume and capacity among sixth grade school teachers of Tabriz Education Office, District 3 during 2019-2020 academic year. Given the nature of the subject and the mentioned objective, mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) was used. The statistical sample consisted of 140 sixth grade teachers selected by cluster sampling from among the population of sixth grade school teachers in Tabriz Education Office. The data was collected using volume and capacity misconception assessment questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that although many teachers showed a clear understanding of the concepts of volume and capacity, 20 teachers were identified with misconceptions of these concepts . The interview results with the selected teachers indicated the need for retraining sixth grade teachers in terms of the concepts of volume and capacity.

South-eastern Iran has been one of the important regions in cultural interactions with the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, the Iranian Plateau and the coastal strip of southern Iran. Sefidkuh in Bent sector, Nikshahr County is a settlement place of communities with semi-settled settlement patterns along rivers or intermountain plains. The settlements follow the circular, oval and in a limited way rectangular architectural pattern. The livelihood strategy of these communities is very broad and it seems that this strategy follows unique cultural and economic patterns and political and social relations similar to prehistoric times. The present research is trying to better understand the human societies of Bent by examining, introducing and comparing the dynamic findings of ethnology with the static findings of archaeology. This research was conducted with a combination of field methods in three stages: In the first and second stages, the survey and identification of the ancient sites and the current living communities of the region were done and finally in the last stage, in order to identify differences and similarities with each other, a comparative comparison of the findings of both studies was done. Based on the obtained results, it should be acknowledged that the current architectural model of the region has its roots in the culture and traditions of the Baloch people, which have existed in a circular form for a long time. A pattern created by settling in flat areas between mountains or river terraces has been formed in the form of oval, circular, cluster, irregular, linear and similar plans with the past societies and based on the way of living of a wide economic spectrum. By examining the comparative results, it can be acknowledged that the common way in the region is completely consistent with the way of life of primitive sedentary societies in every aspect.

Academic emotions are one of the important variables in the field of education and can affect educational outcomes. Academic emotions are defined as things that are directly related to academic activities and success outcomes. Academic emotions are important because of their impact on well-being, the quality of learning, progress, and social interaction in the classroom. These emotions are experienced in all academic situations before, during and after class, lessons and exams. Positive emotional states facilitate creative, flexible, and constructive approaches, while negative emotional states facilitate dry, more analytical ways of thinking. Some studies have examined the effectiveness of a project-based approach on academic achievement, motivation, learning style, attitude, creativity, and the development of cognitive skills, but very little attention has been paid to academic excitement. Until recently, these emotions were neglected except for test anxiety. Attention to this issue has increased in the last decade, however, emotions have not escaped attention as effective phenomena that occur in the classroom situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of project-based learning on the academic excitement of physics students in the basics of electricity and magnetism at Farhangian University. In the framework of this goal, two hypotheses were examined: Project-based learning in physics course has an effect on the positive academic emotions of Farhangian University students. Project-based learning in physics also affects the negative academic emotions of Farhangian University students.In this study, a quasi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the project-based independent learning variable on the dependent variable of students' academic emotions. The statistical population of the study included all physics students who studied the basics of electricity and magnetism at Farhangian University in the academic year 2009-2010. The statistical sample of this study included 132 physics students of Farhangian University (including 4 classes) who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two classes of experimental group (66 people) and two classes of control group (66 people). First, both groups were evaluated using the Pekran Academic Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. Then, the project-based independent learning variable was applied to the experimental group and no new intervention was performed on the control group and the students were trained in the same traditional teacher-centered way. Finally, at the end of the semester, the changes of the dependent variable in both groups were measured by the same questionnaire.The Pekrun Academic Achievement Emotion Questionnaire (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002) is designed to assess learners' academic achievement emotions. This questionnaire is a self-report tool that is based on qualitative and quantitative research and measures the academic excitement of learners who experience in different educational situations. The questionnaire has three parts: emotions related to the class, emotions related to learning and emotions related to the exam. Each of these categories is divided into two categories of positive and negative emotions. In this study, the emotions related to class and learning were evaluated. Classroom subscales measure class enjoyment, hope, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, frustration, and fatigue. The Learning Excitement section measures the emotions of hope, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, frustration, and fatigue.The educational package of the present study, including the course content, was prepared by the researchers based on a project-based learning approach. After review by four professors of physics and two professors of educational sciences, the training package was reviewed and modified.The package included electroscope construction, Tesla coil construction, Pencil charcoal resistance, IC batteries, Electric magnet construction, Projectile LEDs, Tape suspension, and AC converter. This program has been presented to undergraduate physics students in the first semester of the academic year 2009-2010. Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the research data.The results of analysis of covariance showed that the comparison of positive classroom emotions between the two groups F (24.24) was significant at the level of P <0.001. Also, in the positive emotions of learning, the observed F (12.08) is significant at the level of P <0.001. Therefore, by confirming the first hypothesis of the research, it can be said that project-based learning in physics has an effect on the positive academic emotions of Farhangian University students. The results also showed that the comparison of negative classroom emotions between the two F groups (20.39) was significant at the level of P <0.001. Also, in the negative emotions of learning, the observed F (55.75) is significant at the level of P <0.001. Therefore, by confirming the second hypothesis of the research, it can be said that project-based learning in physics has an effect on the negative academic emotions of Farhangian University students.The results of this study showed that project-based learning is effective in increasing the positive academic excitement of physics students. This effect was observed for both class-related and learning-related emotions. The results also show that project-based learning is effective in reducing the negative academic emotions of physics students. This effect was also seen in both class-related and learning-related emotions.Experts in the field of education believe that students who learn through active learning not only have better learning, but also enjoy their learning process more. The reason for this pleasure is that instead of being just listeners, they actively participate in the learning process and take responsibility for the learning process.Project-based learning, by applying real-world performance tasks related to social challenges, provides learners with the opportunity to use the social and emotional competencies associated with learning. Project-based learning increases the motivation and active involvement of learners in learning. This method improves learners' attitudes toward learning physics, reduces anxiety, increases self-efficacy, and enables learners to enjoy learning physics (Goldstein, 2016). The results of Choi, Lee, & Kim (2019) also indicate that the use of this teaching method causes a positive change in students' attitudes toward homework.In this regard, it is recommended to use this method in teaching students' courses. Curriculum planners are also advised to adjust the curriculum to facilitate the use of new teaching methods and distance from the traditional teacher-centered method. In this study, the academic emotions related to the exam were not examined. It is suggested that this variable be considered in future studies. It is also suggested that the mediating role of academic emotions in students' academic achievement be examined.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of imago therapy training on marital quality, marital boredom, and resilience.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. From the statistical population of women with substance-dependent spouses referring to substance abuse treatment centers in the city of Tabriz, a sample of 30 spouses of clients of Besharat substance abuse treatment center was selected by convenience sampling and was randomly assigned into the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received the group training intervention for 7 sessions and the control group did not receive any interventions. Participants completed the marital quality scale, the marital boredom scale, and the resilience scale in two stages before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in marital quality, marital boredom, and resilience. Therefore, imago therapy group training significantly increased marital quality and resilience and reduced marital boredom in women with substance-dependent spouses in the experimental group.

The results of this study highlighted the importance of using imago therapy to improve the problems of couples and marital relationships in women with substance-dependent spouses.

Local Economic Development is a result of the collaboration between the government and private sector at a local scale to achieve economic development and generate job creation platforms. Local Economic Development strategy is an approach adopted to improve the economic indicators within various countries over the past few decades. Reduction of unemployment, identification of local potentials, income growth and, as a result, reduction of poverty are major outcomes of adopting this approach. In this research, the researchers have endeavored to consider not only the main economic development indicators at a local and urban level but also the main contexts of local economic development. The research has been written according to the existing documental and statistical data. The objective of the research is practical and method used is descriptive-analytical. Software programs like SPSS and Excel have been used to analyze the data and create the database and ArcGIS program has been used to describe and process the geographic information. Based on the results of this research, the development of Bostan Abad city is connected to the extension of relationships and economic ties with the adjacent cities and villages and economic development of local markets. Thus, the economic issues of Bostan Abad city have been discussed and analyzed in addition to the analysis of the city’s macro developments. The results of the research show that Bostan Abad city has high economic potentials and capabilities in agricultural and industrial sectors. The results also show that adding to the infrastructural and environmental limitations in the local development of Bostan Abad city, there are also economical and physical limitations. According to the analysis of the research results, the strategies for the economic development of Bostan Abad city must be based on the investment priority in small-scale industrial production units in agricultural, industrial and mining sectors.

Using appropriate teaching methods can be effective in improving life skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training using Jigsaw teaching model on anger control skill to Promote Social Security among inmates of Tabriz prison.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group design. The statistical population of the study includes all prisoners in Tabriz prison in 2018. The sample of the study includes 96 prisoners of Tabriz prison (48 men and 48 women) who were selected by available sampling and randomly divided to Jig saw and traditional teaching experimental and control groups. Anger Control skill training content was implemented in traditional methods and reverse Jig Saw teaching pattern for six sessions on their experimental groups. The PACT Anger Control Skills Questionnaire was used to collect data in the pre-test and post-test stages. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method.

The results showed that There are significant differences between Jig‌ ‌Saw teaching technique and traditional training groups in anger control skill and the Jigsaw method has had a more significant effect on anger management than the traditional method (p < 0.009). Booth Jig‌ -Saw teaching technique and traditional training had significant differences with Control group in anger control skill. (p < 0.001)

Both Jig‌ ‌Saw teaching technique and traditional training were effective in improving anger control skills, but the effectiveness of reverse Jig Saw teaching technique is more than traditional training. Therefore, this method can be used in educational and treatment programs for prisoners.

The Covid-19 virus is one of the most important threats currently facing many countries around the world. Most research focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disease and the threats posed by this disease to mental health have been neglected. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on depression, anxiety and stress in people at risk for COVID-19.

For this purpose, a multiple-baseline single-subject design with follow-up was used and from the clients of Aramesh Andisheh Psychological Services Center in Tabriz, between July and September 2020, three people were selected by purposive sampling. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) were used to collect data at baseline, intervention and follow-up stages. The intervention was performed using mindfulness-based stress reduction method in the form of 8 sessions. Recovery percentage, effect size and graphical analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction training had a clinically significant effect on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in high-risk individuals, and the effect of training on these variables in all three subjects was higher than the effect size (1.15). This effect persisted at the end of the follow-up phase.

Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based stress reduction can be included as an effective intervention in the psychological services of people at risk for Covid-19 disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive processing speed, problem solving / planning, and behavioral/emotional organization in students with reading disorder with normal students. The method of this study was causal-comparative research. The statistical population of the study included all primary school pupils in Tabriz. The research sample consisted of 30 male students with reading disorders and 30 normal students from the third grade who were selected by the purposive sampling method. For data gathering, Connerchr('39')s neuropsychological test was used. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between students with the reading disorder and normal students in problem-solving and cognitive processing (p<0/01), and there was no significant difference for the behavioral/emotional organization variable (p>0/01). Based on this, it can be concluded that students with the reading disorder in problem-solving / planning and cognitive processing are poorer than normal students, and intervention in these variables helps to improve reading disorders.

The aim of the present study was to content analyze of the geometry textbook of the tenth grade of mathematics and physics based on the William Romey technique. The research method in this research is content analysis by William Rumi method. The statistical population of this research is the geometry book of the tenth grade of mathematics and physics. The content of the textbook was examined in terms of the degree of text, pictures and shapes and questions. The results of this study showed that the text involvement coefficient is 1.34, which indicates that the text of Geometry 1 textbook for the tenth basic mathematics and physics has been actively written. The coefficient of involvement of the images was also determined to be 1, which showed that the images and shapes in the book engage the student in learning. Also, in the activity-oriented index analysis section of the book, the involvement coefficient was 2.33, which indicates that the tenth grade geometry textbook is active involvement. The results of this research indicate that the text, images and questions of the newly written textbook of the tenth geometry of mathematics and physics have been actively written.