حسین پاشا زانوسی

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the body composition in the muscles of four species of Caspian sea fish in autumn and spring.

Proximate composition including moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohyrate were determined in four fish species, Alburnus chalcoides (A. ch.), Rutilus rutilus (R. r.), Luciobarbus capito (L. c.) and Alosa kessleri (A. k.) from South Caspian Sea in autumn and spring.

The obtained results indicated that carbohydrate and ash content were not significantly different among the four species in both seasons and also  between the two seasons (P<0.05). Changes in moisture, fat and protein indicate that while there was a decline in moisture content, fat and protein content evidently increased in both seasons. In autumn, it is found that L. c. and R. r. had the highest moisture and lowest protein and fat content while significant declines in the moisture content of A. k. and A. ch. was observed which is in good agreement with the increase in both fat and protein contents of these two species in this season. Similar trend to autumn was observed in spring so that R. r. and L. c. with the highest amount of moisture had the lowest content of fat while A. k. and A. ch. with the lowest amount of moisture had the highest content of protein and fat. L. c., R. r., A. ch. and A. k. are classified as lean, low fat, medium fat and high fat fish respectively based on the results. Results also showed that in most cases there was a significant difference among the moisture, protein and fat content of the four fish species between the two seasons of autumn and spring (P<0.05).

Overall, the results showed that these four fish species might be in spawning period and have developing eggs in spring and so that had more moisture and less fat and protein in their flesh  in this season.

his study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles and their composition on growth performance, nutritional indices, survival rate and hepatic accumulation of nano selenium and nano-magnesium in Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcalifer) with mean weight: 32.78 ± 1.16 g for 42 days. After four weeks of acclimation to the experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass 300-liter tanks in equal numbers. Four treatments including nano-selenium and nano-magnesium free as control group, 4 mg nano-selenium treatment, 0.5 g nano-magnesium treatment and combination of 4 mg nano-selenium and 0.5 g nano-magnesium were investigated in this study. The fish were fed daily in two times based on station. Fish biometry was performed in all treatments at the end of the experiment. Samples needed to measure liver accumulation were collected at the end of the period. The results of this study showed that the final weight in the treatment of selenium nanoparticles was significantly different (P <0.05), percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate in selenium + magnesium nanoparticles treatment was significantly different compared to the control group (P <0.05). Nutritional indices of protein yield coefficient, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among experimental treatments (P> 0.05). The results showed that the survival rate was not significantly different among experimental treatments (P> 0.05). The highest levels of selenium and magnesium accumulation in liver were related to selenium nanoparticles and selenium + magnesium nanoparticles, respectively, which were significantly different from other treatments (P <0.05).

In this study, we consider the statistical inference of multicomponent stress-strength reliability when stress and strength variables follow power Topp-Leone distributions. This system has independent and identically distributed strength components and each component is exposed to a common stress and is reliable if at least out of strength variables exceed the stress variable. The reliability of the system is estimated in view of classical and Bayesian in two cases. In the first case, we suppose that the first shape parameters are same and second shape parameters are different and in the second case, it is assumed that the common first shape parameter is known. Finally, a simulation study is performed to compare the performances of the estimators and one data set is presented for the application of methods.

The efficiency and nitrification process in a lab-scale aquaponic system using two different hydroponic subsystems including the deep water culture (DWC) and nutrient film technique (NFT) were evaluated for 8 weeks. Common carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio- average initial weight of 9.34 ± 0.06g at a density of 300 juveniles per m3 in fish culture tanks) and mint (Mentha spicata- 6 plants in each hydroponic subsystem) were cultured in triplicates in a green house facility. Water quality parameters such as pH, nitrate and ammonia levels were measured and compared at the end of every week. In the fourth week of the experiment, the pH of the DWC system was significantly higher than in the NFT (p < 0.01). Ammonia levels did not show any significant difference between the two types of aquaponic systems during the experiment (P> 0.05). In both systems, nitrate values showed an increasing trend from the third week to the end of the fourth week, followed by limited fluctuation until the end of the experiment. The nitrate levels in the NFT system were higher in the fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth week . The average total weight of the mint plant in the DWC was higher than that in the NFT system. Based on the results, the use of the DWC is recommended due to the better efficiency of the experimental culture system and better growth performance of fish and mint plant.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary flaxseed and sesame oils, on the semen parameters, fatty acid composition of sperm as well as the fertility and hatchability eggs from aged roosters. In a completely randomized design, 24 Ross-308 roosters (aged 45 week) assigned to four groups, comprising six replicates and one bird in each. The birds received different diets including basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 2% flaxseed oil (FO), basal diet supplemented with 2% sesame oil (SO) and basal diet supplemented with 1% flaxseed oil and 1% sesame oil (MO). The diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous, containing the same level of vitamin E. The roosters were fed diet for 60 days, during which semen samples were collected on 1st, 20th, 40th and 60th days and the samples were tested for different characteristics. The results indicated that different diets affected semen qualities, except semen volume and the morphology. The concentration, progressive motility, MDA as well as viability of sperms were significantly different during different times of the experiment. The sperm quality parameters including total and progressive motility as well as MDA turned out to improve in the roosters fed FO or MO. Furthermore, the integrity of sperm membrane, DHA and DPA concentration, as well as the fertility were higher in the treatment group containing FO. It seems that supplementation of aged rooster’s diet with flaxseed oil or mixed oils, together with vitamin E improves the semen qualities and it can be applied as an appropriate strategy to preserve the reproductive performance of aged rooters.

In this study, the effects of changes in environmental salinity on some biochemical parameters and body composition in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt, then suddenly introduced in experimental salinities including 5, 12 and 34 ppt. Each treatment was done in three replicates. In each replicate, 12 fishes with an average initial weight of 100± 10 grams per 300-liter tanks were placed. alues increased in group 12 and 34 ppt (P<0.05). A higher level of triglyceride and lower levels of high density lipoprotein were recorded in 34 ppt compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The proximate composition of body was affected by salinity as moisture was lower in 34 ppt in compare to other groups (P<0.05). In this study, A. latus survived without mortality in experimental salinities, but changes induced for osmoregulation in 5 ppt requires high energy consumption, which reduces the energy available to the fish.

One hundred and eight yellow-fin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) with approximate weight 110±20g, adapted to salinity 20 ppt for 14 days, then challenged suddenly to salinity 5 ppt, 12 ppt, 34 ppt and kept in these salinities for 7 days. Gill samples were taken at 0, 24, 48 hours and 7 day after transfer. At time 0 structure of gill was normal and no changes were recorded in distribution of gill constitutes. Area of chloride cell increased in all groups after salinity challenge, but after one week at 12 and 34 ppt salinity, area of chloride cell decreased. Gill microscopic structure was normal and no changes was recorded in arrangement of the gill components. Size of chloride cell showed increase in fish kept in changed salinities, but decreased in 12 and 34 ppt groups after one week. Some changes including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of gill epithelium, lifting the gill epithelium, hypertrophy of chloride cells, changes in chloride cells area, adhesion Lamella and had an aneurysm were recorded in all groups. Our findings showed that some structural changes was seen in gills of A. latus to be compatible with different salinities

The present study was aimed to investigate the histological structure of male gonad as an important organ of the reproduction and survival in the blue swimming crab Portunus segnis in Persian Gulf. In this regard, 20 blue swimming crab caught from the coasts of Hendijan in Khuzestan Province from September to June,2016. After anesthesia and morphological examination, samples were examined using common histological method. Based on the results, testis was surrounded by connective tissue.The connective tissue lamellae are divided testicular parenchyma into a number of specific lobules. Testis lobules have a Germinal Zone and a Transformation Zone. Vas deferens has three anterior, medial and posterior portions. The three portions surrounded externally by connective tissue and internally by cuboidal and culomnar epithelium. Spermatophores are observed in all three portions of vas deferens.

Fish oil in the diet of fish is constantly at the risk of oxidation. In this study, the effects of feeding sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso ♂ ×Acipenser ruthenus ♀) with different levels of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on thyroid hormones were investigated. Three experimental diets were made by replacing 0 (control), 50 and 100% OFO were made. Ninety hybrid sturgeon, with the initial weights of 212.6 ± 07g were distributed in 9 fiberglass tanks (2 m3) randomly after 2 weeks of adaptation with experimental conditions. Feeding was performed three times daily (08:00, 14:00 and 20:00) for 6 weeks for satisfaction. At the end of the period, blood samples were taken and their serum was separated. Serum thyroxine and triiodotyronine were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples. Serum thyroxine, triiodotyronine and thyroxine/triiodotyronine level showed no significant change related to dietary OFO. Our findings showed that dietary-oxidized oil had no effect on blood thyroid hormones levels.

Gatan has distributed in the main rivers in Khoozestan province and there are few researches on propagation and reproductive system of this species. Therefore, this study has focused on using of activating solutions on sperm activity and fertilization capability in Gatan fish in comparison with Grass Carp. In this research, 5 activating solutions together with workshop water and distilled water were used in triplicate. After transferring of brood stocks to the propagation workshop and after hormontherapy, sperm and ovules were collected. Assessment of sperm activity was done and after mixing of sperm and ovules, activating solutions were used. After 12 hours of fertilization time, fertilization percentage was assessed. Based on results obtained from this study, the highest sperm activity and fertilization rate was seen in Gatan fish when a2 (Tris Hcl 20 mM, NaCl 50mM), a3 (CaCl2 2.5mM) and a4 (Tris Hcl 30 mM, KCl 30mM, NaCl 50mM) solutions were used and lowest sperm activity was seen when workshop water and distilled water were used in this species (P

The aim of this study was to compare fitting of different discrete bivariate beta-binomial distributions based on correlation between marginal variables. The models included bivariate beta-binomial distribution proposed by Bibby and Væth (2011) (with three parameters), Danaher and Hardie (2005) (with five parameters) and generalized model of the classical bivariate beta-binomial distribution proposed by Olmo - Jimenez et al. (2011). Based on results obtained from goodness of fit test, Olmo - Jimenez et al’s model was found to be more appropriate than other models when correlation between marginal variables was high. Also Danaher and Hardie’s model were found to be more appropriate than other models when correlation between marginal variables was low. The results were presented by using three real data set.

In order to determine heavy metals contamination in sediment and razor clams from Bushehr intertidal, samples were collected from 5 stations, including Khor Lailatain, Imam Hassan Port, Khor Genaveh, Rig Port and Shif Island. The samples were dried, acid digested and analyzed for their metals content using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. According to the results, the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd in the sediment of the mentioned stations ranged 5.6- 14.75, 19.67-58.72, 7.96-13.92 and 0.68-0.96 μ/g respectively. The concentration of the same metals in soft tissues of razor clam was 5.36-27.84, 0.24-2.72, 5.64-10.04 and 0.32-1.8 μ/g while in the shells they ranged 10.75-21.25, 1.36-3.52, 4.28-8.08 and 0.68-0.96 μ/g respectively. Generally the concentration of the studied metals in both sediment and clams was lower than proposed FAO and USEPA standards

In order to investigate the population structure species of sea cucumber Holothuria parva in the two regions Bostaneh Port and Dayer Port, 16S rRNA gene sequencing method was used. In total, 417 nucleotide locus were determined, after investigating in the NCBI database, sequences were consistent with 16S rRNA gene and Samples were verified to belong to the species of H. parva. In total four haplotypes were identified, one of which was common in both regions. Bostaneh Port had 3 haplotypes and Dayer Port had 2 haplotypes. Haplotype diversity was estimated to be 83 percent in Bostaneh Port and 50 percent in Dayer Port. Estimated Nucleotide diversity in Bostaneh and Dayer Ports were measured 0.007 and 0.002 respectively. Low genetic differentiation (Fst=0.000), divergences rate (Dxy= 0.0048) and high gene flow (Nm=1874) between the two regions were estimated. Based on this study Bostaneh and Dayer Port samples have probably diverged from an identical population since a high gene flow and low differentiation is observed among them. There is also a common haplotype, suggesting a common ancestor of H. parva in two regions.

Ecological health is the most important component of the biological health. Macrobenthos invertebrate are the most important organisms in aquatic ecosystems that are used for determination of biological health. Benthic indices base bye data simplifying and shows a set of biological variable as a quantified variable that made the interpretation of data easier، one of this indices is BOPA index that give from ratio of opportunistic Polychaeta to Amphipoda. The higher value of this index shows environmental pollution. The value of BOPA index showed significant difference between stations.

In this study, effects of Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) exposure on the levels of neurotransmitters in the different regions of brain and plasma levels of cortisol in the Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were examined. In the first protocol for assessing the acute stress responses, BaP was injected to a group of fish (50mg/kg BaP in 2μl/g per body weight). The control group for this procedure was injected with oil (2μl/g) per body weight. A group of fish was not injected to assess the basic levels of respective variables. Blood and brain samples from different groups collected 3 hours after injection. To study the long-term a group of fish was implanted with 50mg/kg BaP in 10μl/g coconut oil in respect to the body weight. As the previous protocol a control group was implanted with the same amount of oil without the BaP. Samples were collected from both implanted groups (treatment and control) after 72 hours. In the collected samples, plasma levels of cortisol and contain neurotransmitter in deferens region were assayed. Plasma levels of cortisol in Yellowfin Seabream increased and contain neurotransmitter altered during both short term and long term exposure to the BaP. According to the results, BaP exposure may affect the synthesis, storage, uptake/release and degradation of the neurotransmitters in different regions of the brain, specially the pituitary gland. Serotonin showed more distinct responses under the BaP exposure stress than the other monoamines.

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary Immunogen prebiotic on growth، hematological indices and body composition of rainbow trout fingerlings. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control)، 0. 05، 0. 1، 0. 15 and 0. 2 percent prebiotic to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 13. 76±0. 54 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial، fish fed diets with prebiotic showed the highest final weight and SGR، and lowest in fish fed the control diet (P<0. 05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better when the fish were fed with 0. 15 percent prebiotic. There were significant differences in hematological parameters including hematocrit، RBC، WBC، HB، lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in fish fed by dietary prebiotic (P<0. 05). At the end of feeding trial، the fish fed 0. 1% diet showed higher whole body protein. The fish fed with 0. 15% diet exhibited lower levels of lipid and ash. The results suggested that administration of dietary Immunogen at 0. 15-0. 2 percent exerted positive effects on growth، hematological indices and body composition in rainbow trout.

Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) has been imported to Iran as a valuable candidate for aquaculture purpose. Since the stocking density is considered as an important stressor in aquaculture، Hence this study was conducted to investigate the impacts of its stocking densities on chronic stress using the blood cortisol level. In total، 90 specimens with 342 ± 30 g mean weight and 45. 3 ± 1cm total length were stocked in three densities (6، 12 and 18 specimen/tank) pending 5 months rearing period. The results showed no significant interaction among density–time parameters and cortisol level (p > 0. 05)، whereas solely time showed a significant correlation with cortisol level (p < 0. 05). The levels of cortisol in July، August، October and November were 4. 68±1. 84، 23. 22±4. 44، 3. 98±1. 66 and 11. 8±2. 53ng/ml respectively. Mean cortisol concentrations in low، moderate and high densities obtained 7. 76±3. 59، 12. 94±2. 78 and 10. 76±3. 72 ng/ml، respectively that was not observed significant changes in no treatments. Results of this study can suggest that Siberian sturgeon withstand stocking density norms which are used for Iranian sturgeons.

In order to investigate heavy metals contamination in Bushehr costs, 5 different stations including ports and estuaries were studied. 3 sediment samples were collected from each station during winter 2009 and summer 2010. The samples were oven dried and acid digested and their heavy metals content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd in the sediment were 14.54, 55.31, 15.13 and. 76 µg/g dry weight respectively. Except for cd, the concentration of metals within various stations was significantly different during winter (P<0.05). Seasonal changes influenced metals level in the sediment so that their concentration in winter was less than summer. Generally the concentrations of studied metals appeared within the range of other researches in the Persian gulf region and less than proposed standards for sediment quality. Among studied stations, Bandar Rig and Shif exhibited higher concentrations of metals.

In recent years due to severe drought and reduced rainfall in the Khouzestan Province, water salinity in some inland fish culture sites reached up to 9 ppt. So this research was carried out over a period of 21 days in salinities (3, 6, 9, 12ppt) and fresh water (>1ppt) for control on growth performance and survival in fingerling silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) . For this reason silver carp (weight: 13.55±0.726 g and total length: 11.04±0.093 cm) were placed in 250 l- fibreglass tank (10 silver carp / tank) at 24.16±1.35 ° C. These treatments were tasted in three replicates. Fishes were biometric once per week (7, 14 and 21 days) through out the experimental period for evaluation of growth. The result of this trial indicate that salinities up to and including 3ppt did not affect weight gain, specific growth rate, survival and length. Higher salinities (6 and 9 ppt) produced significant stress, and adverse effects on these factors. In 12ppt all fishes died prior to 7 days. Silver carp, a freshwater stenohaline fish, exhibited good growth without any signs of stress up to 3ppt salinity. Silver carp could be cultured successfully at salinity up to 3ppt but above this level, salinityinduced stress could adversely affect growth and survival.

Presence of each pollution and changing in the marine ecosystem have sever impacts on Biotic factors and economic ecological potential in this valuable area. Thus, ecological health monitoring to evaluation of habitat health are important.In this study, AMBI(Azti Marine Biology Index) was used to evaluation health of Bahrakan coastal area as a main fisheries and petroleum extraction ground. The results showed studied area classified in good ecological status. The dominance species was from Ophiuridae family with ecological group II. based on richness and diversity index value, studied area are classified in bad ecological status. This results discordantly can caused due to differences in influences variable. Low rate of water exchange, high degree of temperature and salinity maybe were lead to decreasing in macrobenthic richness and diversity index values but AMBI result that get from ratio between sensitive and resistant species, shows good ecological status.

This study was carried out in Shahid Maleki Warm Water Fish Culture Centre in Ahwas to investigate the effects of salinity levels (1>, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ppt) on moisture, crude protein and crude lipid in body composition of silver carp fingerlings (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) (weight: 13.55±0.726 g and length: 11.04±0.093 cm) during 21 days. At 12 ppt all fishes died prior to 14 days. Findings of body composition at the end of the study revealed no significant variation in protein and lipid (p>0.05) but salinity produced a significant body dehydration (p<0.05).

The present experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary nucleotides on complements C3 and C4 and resistance of rainbow trout fingerlings to Streptococcus iniae. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 percent to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 23 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, levels of serum complements C3 and C4 in fish fed the nucleotide-supplemented diets were significantly higher than that of the control group. Fish were challenged by an intracoelomic injection with 9×106 colony-forming units/ml S. iniae. Mortality rate was recorded for 3 weeks after bacterial challenge. The challenge experiment showed that survival increased significantly (P<0.05) in fish fed the nucleotide-supplemented diets lower than of control treatment. The results suggest that dietary nucleotides administration at 0.15 and 0.2 percent exerted positive effects on serum complements C3 and C4 and resistance against S. iniae in rainbow trout.

A feeding trial was carried out where, three protein concentrations [45%, 55% and 65%) crude protein (CP)] and three dietary energy concentrations [20, 22and 24 kj g-1 crude energy (CE)] were fed to 540 yellowfin seabreams (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerlings to establish the protein and energy requirement for this species. 9 treatments with triplicate groups of 20 fish each (initial weight 12g) were stocked in 300-L fiberglass tanks and fed twice a day to apparent satiation. After 8 weeks, the survival rate was not dependent on the dietary treatments, but average fish weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by dietary protein (P<0.05). Protein retention (PR) were increased by dietary energy level (P<0.05). Feed efficiency ratio, PER and Hepatosomatic Index (HIS) was not affected by dietary protein and energy concentrations (P>0.05). At same protein level, PER, PR increased with the increase in energy levels from 20 to24 Kj g-1. Carcass moisture and ash contents were significantly affected by dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05) but carcass protein was not significantly affected by dietary protein and dietary energy levels (P>0.05). With increase dietary energy, carcass fat content was increased from 20 to 24 Kj g-1. The results indicate that the optimum dietary protein and energy levels for growth of juvenile yellowfin seabream are 56. 20 – 57. 47g in Kg-1diet and 21.9-24.56Kj in gr diet and 23.15-25.95mgr kg-1, respectively.

In this study COHERENS which is a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was employed in order to model and survey dispersion of pollution in Nayband bay. In this model Navier-Stokes equation, continunity equation and transport equations of salinity and temperature in 3-D are solved. Cartesian coordinate for the horizontal and sigma coordinate with five layers was used for the vertical profile. Monthly mean atmospheric parameters and 4 major tidal components (M2, S2, O1, and K1) of the bay were used as the inputs of the model. In this model, uniform grid of 79*100 was used. Once the model was adjusted and the data inserted, the model was run for the bay. Then tidal currents were validated with field observation which resulted in prediction of horizontal dispersion of pollution in different layers.The results showed that dispersion is highly affected by tidal currents. These results can be applied to predict dispersion of pollution in Nayband bay.