فهرست مطالب حوریه سعیدی

Dar al-Funun was established during the period of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar with the motive of training military forces and was under the Ministry of Education. After a while, independent military schools were established, which focused on the training of the military, with the interaction between the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Education. Gradually, however, this interaction turned into a competition over the administration of these schools. The present descriptive-analytical article that relies on archival records aims to answer the questions of 1- Why and how the conflict between the two Ministries of War and Education for the administration of Madrese-ye Nezām began and what stages it went through. 2- Which institutions or people were the opponents or proponents of this handover and what arguments did they have? 3- What relationship did the change of the supervisory institution on Madrese-ye Nezām have with the political and governmental developments in that era of Iran's history, which includes the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period? The results of this research show that besides the major task of Madrese-ye Nezām, which was training military personnel, the strength of the Sardar Sepah as the Minister of War, played the main role in handing over the management of these schools to the Ministry of War.

To examine the structure and contents of a number of holy shrines custodianship decrees with controversial source of issuance.

 Documentary method was employed for analysis.

Due to the monarchy's inferior status within the Shiite jurisprudence, Qajar monarchies were able to enforce they judiciary power with the permission of Ulama. However, as such decrees were sealed by the monarchy, they are considered royal decrees.

Tohfat-al Mozaffariyeh is one of the epistles of the Qajar era written by Mirza Ahmad Monshi, deputy of Moshir-al Molk, deputy to foreign minister, who wrote this book about Nasser-al Din Shah’s death, and Mozaffar-al Din Shah’s sitting on the throne. The book, as its writer overtly claimed, was written to attract Mirza Ali Asghar-Khan Amin al-Sultan’s attention, depicts his praised one’s attempts to stabilize the situation after death of King and Iran’s foreign relations in that period and the names and some brief information of some figures _ who were in positions of public affairs _ are mentioned as well. The interesting point of the epistle is that although the author has a eulogistic attitude towards the king, in some parts of his book, he raises some issues quite shrewdly through a very gentle critical method and some conciliatory advice for not offending the Majesty, yet it reflects some realties and corrupt social, governmental relations. In terms of tone, style, thematic categorization, historical information and recognizing [political] figures possesses an outstanding status among Qajar epistles.

To report conflicts of leadership and succession among the powerful members of the Kurdish tribe of Kalhor in the western territory of Kermanshahan during the years 1868 to 1902. Method/Research Design: Data was collected and analyzed from archival sources, manuscripts, and local newspapers. Powerful claimants on the one hand, and attempts of Kermanshah governors of the time to appoint their relatives to the leadership of the tribe on the other hand, were the main sources of conflict. Governors were keen to appoint those who were close to them to ensure systematic and timely tax collection. This led to violent reactions from the other side and from their followers in the tribe.

Naser al-Din Shah, whose reign was simultaneous with the start of modernism (in its special sense) in Iran, reigned more than all other Qajar shahs. Historians have different and sometimes even contradictory ideas about Naser al-Din Shah’s behavior, conduct and policies for running the country. The documents examined in this paper cover some general issues: issuing orders and giving verdicts in response to people’s petitions, investigating collective complaints, investigating financial orders, economic concessions, and holding court meetings, and looking into mundane governmental matters. Moreover, in this paper we are concerned with aspects of Naser al-Din Shah’s character which are related to innovations in his governing policies, his interactions with religious scholars, his particular attention to the petitions and complaints of rulers, commanders and ordinary people (peasants), the style of his letters to his chancellor, Mirza Yusof Mostufi al-Mamalek and some social affairs. This paper builds on the hypothesis that Naser al-Din Shah has a dual character: he swings between autocracy and consultation, between modernity and tradition.

Mirza Javad Khan Sad-AlDouleh was an efficient persons in Constitution events. There are different statements about him. His behaviors with pros and cons of Constitution and His position in this concern, is the subject of discussion in several sources of Qajar era. Finding new records indicate new aspects of his political life in Iran contemporary history.In this article, Sad-Al-Douleh reminded his efforts in historical events of that time by his letter to the National Consulative.