خدابخش احمدی

IntroductionA high-quality marriage lays the foundation for a flourishing and productive human society (Glasser, 2022, p. 38), and an effective and high-quality marriage is characterized by marital stability and satisfaction. Studies indicate that marital satisfaction is a variable that directly and indirectly impacts the quality of life and its dimensions (Kasapoglu & Yabanigul, 2018, p. 250). On the other hand, divorce leads to a decline in physical health, the emergence of psychological problems, and a decrease in the social and economic status of family members. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the factors that contribute to an effective marriage.According to research, factors such as commitment, love and intimacy, healthy communication, respect, and conflict resolution have been identified as contributors to a successful marriage. Given that marriage is a culturally dependent phenomenon, it can be argued that the necessity of conducting research in this area is greater in Iran. This is because studies on stable and satisfying marriages are either limited or require further elaboration. Moreover, to develop culturally tailored programs addressing family issues, there is a need for research rooted in the specific culture of each society.However, the main concern of the researchers in this study was the rising divorce rate in Khorasan Razavi province compared to other provinces in the country. This raised the question: how is it that, within a shared cultural context, some couples succumb to the challenges and crises of life, leading to divorce, while others emerge successful? Thus, we sought to uncover the answer through the lived experiences of couples. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are:To identify the factors influencing an effective marriage.To develop a paradigmatic model of effective marriage factors based on the cultural context. Methods This study employs a qualitative approach using the grounded theory method. The statistical population consists of all married couples in Mashhad in 2022 who had stable and satisfying marital lives. Purposeful sampling was used, and the sample size was determined based on data saturation. Data saturation was achieved after conducting individual interviews with 14 couples (28 participants). The collected data were analyzed immediately after the interviews, and the coding process was carried out in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Ultimately, by comparing and linking the extracted categories, a model for effective marriage was developed.To ensure the validity and reliability of the collected data, Lincoln and Guba’s (1989) four credibility criteria were applied. To guarantee data credibility, the results of each interview analysis were presented to the participants for review to confirm accuracy or make necessary adjustments. To ensure confirmability, the researcher minimized the influence of personal assumptions during data collection. For dependability and adequacy, the coding and categorization processes were conducted in multiple sessions with the research team and in the presence of research methodology experts, reaching the required consensus. To enhance the generalizability of the findings, an effort was made to select participants from diverse social, cultural, economic, and geographical backgrounds, focusing on successful couples in varying contexts. Findings Following the interviews, confirmation of data saturation, and subsequent analysis and coding, a total of 225 open codes, 34 subcategories, and ultimately 4 main categories were identified, as presented in Table 1.Table 1. Main and subcomponents from thematic analysis of the lived experiences of couples in effective marriagesThis study aimed to deeply and qualitatively explore the features and experiences of stable and satisfying marriages while considering the role of culture in marital studies. The findings revealed that the contextual conditions of an effective marriage include factors such as a suitable marriage and positive individual traits, aligning with the findings of Atari et al. (2020) and Khodadadi-Sangdeh and Parhizkari (2023).Based on the results of this study, the causal conditions for an effective marriage—events that predict or foster its occurrence and development—are the achievements of the marital relationship. These include commitment and trust, respect, honesty, fairness, consultation, forgiveness, love, appreciation, couple identity, intimacy, optimal sexual satisfaction, support, and cooperation. While all these factors have been corroborated in various studies, specific examples include the alignment of findings on commitment and forgiveness with Li et al. (2024), honesty with Kazim and Rafique (2021), love, intimacy, and effective communication with Beckett et al. (2023), sexual satisfaction with Vakili et al. (2024), and couple identity with Rahmati et al. (2020).  Facilitating factors for a successful marriage identified in this study include having children, supportive families of origin, protective attitudes, optimism, spirituality, maintaining familial connections, and favorable economic conditions. According to the study results, strategies employed by couples to achieve a successful marriage include developing skills such as mutual understanding, conflict management, healthy communication, relationship dynamism, and financial literacy. These findings align with those of Adler-Baeder et al. (2022) and Becotte et al. (2023). Overall, the study concludes that the outcomes of an effective marriage are a sense of happiness and satisfaction, feelings of security and peace, efficiency in life management, and effectiveness in parenting.

Following the cultural invasion of the West, unfamiliar words with Iranian Islamic family culture have entered the discourse of the society. These words carry a positive meaning for the traumatic actions of the family. Some of them have become so common that almost everyone and even family specialists use them. Based on this, in this paper, the destructive discourses in the field of the family, which are the product of cultural invasion and psychological imperialism, and spread in the Iranian society both at the elite level and at the general public level, have been identified and criticized, and the discourse based on the Iranian and Islamic culture of the family has been expressed.

The method used in this research is discourse analysis. Based on the methodology of critical discourse analysis, three stages of description, interpretation, and explanation were used. In the description phase, the formal features of the text such as vocabulary, grammar and text constructions were examined. In the text interpretation stage, they were produced and interpreted based on common sense assumptions, which value the text's features. In the explanation phase, the relationship between interaction and social context was discussed.

Some of the unfamiliar words and destructive discourses of Iranian Islamic culture that were examined were girlfriend and boyfriend for illegitimate relationships between boys and girls, white marriage for illegitimate and illegal life in the form of cohabitation between a man and a woman, traditional versus modern marriage, housekeeping versus women's employment, emotional divorce instead of emotional coldness, divorce celebration or mourning for divorce, extramarital relationships instead of betrayal.

As a conclusion, we can ask the question why its destructive words are entered into the discourse of the society mainly by the specialists of the matter, and unfortunately treatises are written and articles are published and workshops are held on that topic with pride. We hope that experts in the field of family will pay special attention to the use of words related to the family and use concepts and words in accordance with the Iranian Islamic model.

Abstract One of the common problems in single teenagers and young adults is the lack of high-risk sexual behaviors, which causes many negative consequences for these people and requires eeducational interventions. Therefore, the present study with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the counseling protocol for the management of sexual desire in reducing high-risk sexual behaviors of adolescents unmarried was conducted.Research The type of research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all adolescents men aged 18-24 years with risky sexual behavior in Bandar Abbas city in 2022. Among them, 20 people were selected by available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (10 people in the experimental group and 10 people in the control group). The people in the experimental group received the sexual desire management counseling protocol (12 sessions) and two sessions every week for 60-90 minutes. The sexual cycle behavior questionnaire of Mohammadi et al. was used. For data analysis, univariate covariance analysis was used with SPSS version 25 software. The results showed that the sexual desire management counseling protocol was effective in reducing high-risk sexual behaviors in the post-test stage (p<0.001). According to the findings, it can be stated that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the sexual desire management counseling protocol is effective in reducing risky sexual behaviors of teenagers and unmarried youth

The phenomenon of marital infidelity is a painful experience for the other party, which can make a person suffer psychologically. A review of research shows that women affected by infidelity have problems in terms of marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital and need special attention for psychological interventions.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-focoused therapy on marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital in women affected by infidelity.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a follow-up test period. Among the women affected by marital infidelity in Tehran in 2022, 30 people were selected as available research samples according to the inclusion criteria and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research included marital burnout questionnaires (Pines, 1996), emotional Divorce (Gutman, 2001), Alexithymia (Begby et al., 1994) and psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007). Data were analyzed with SPSS 23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the pre-test and the follow-up test of the experimental and control groups in terms of marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital. In other words, EFT reduced marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and increased the psychological capital of women affected by marital infidelity (p<0.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that emotional therapy is effective in improving marital boredom, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital, and this therapy can be used to improve the psychological status of women affected by marital infidelity.

The emotional and behavioral effects of disclosing infidelity on each of the couples involved are extremely destructive. This often leads to acute stress disorder, which is the primary and most significant response to such a situation. In this context, schemas, acting as a framework for information processing, can be effective in managing acute stress by bringing about profound changes in attitudes towards oneself, others, and the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maladaptive schemas on acute stress disorder resulting from spousal infidelity.

The research method used was descriptive-correlational. The study's statistical population comprised couples engaged in marital infidelity who sought assistance from courts and family counseling centers in Tehran and Saveh cities between 2020 and 2021. A sample of 172 individuals was selected using the purposeful sampling method. Data collection tools included the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (Cardena et al., 2000) and the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (1998). The data were analyzed using SPSS24 software, which employed descriptive indicators such as frequency, frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Statistical tests including Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were also conducted.

The study findings revealed a significant positive relationship (p<0.01) between acute stress reactions to a spouse's infidelity and early maladaptive schemas, including disconnection and rejection (r=0.40), impaired autonomy and performance (r=0.34), other-directedness (r=0.29), overvigilance and inhibition (r=0.44), and impaired limits (r=0.25). Various types of acute stress reactions, including dissociative symptoms, re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and functional disorder, were found to have a significant positive relationship with early maladaptive schemas and their domains (p<0.05). The domains of early maladaptive schemas accounted for 33% of the total variance in acute stress disorder (p<0.01).

The research results indicate that maladaptive schemas formed as a result of spousal infidelity serve as the foundation for the development of acute stress disorder following the revelation of the infidelity.

Due to the sensitivity of childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to study the underlying factors to prevent psychological and social harm, such as the sexual abuse of children and adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the lived experience of children and adolescents about individual and family factors that underlie sexual abuse.

The approach of the present study was qualitative. Its strategy was phenomenological. A targeted sampling of critical cases, 15 children and adolescent victims have chosen who experienced sexual harassment and abuse and were referred to the Legal Medicine Center in Tehran, was completed based on theoretical saturation. The data collection process was during 2019. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. It was audio-recorded, and the content was converted into text. Then, the data were as concepts and categories. The research team, including the researcher, supervisors, and consultants, confirmed the validity of the interview tool. Also, the Participants confirmed the correctness of the coding process.

Research Findings showed that the main factors in the occurrence of abuse were (1) individual factors (misplaced trust, relationship with strangers, simplicity, stress, loneliness, inappropriate coverage, disregard for parental advice, and emotional dependence); And (2) family factors (poor relationship with parents, parental separation, parental strictness, busy motherhood, inconsideration by parents, poor parental supervision, running away from home, and fear of parents).

individual and family categories and comparing the results with the research background, identifying to prevent the underlying cause of sexual abuse.

this study was to investigate the lived experiences of young people who had high-risk sexual behavior.

The approach studied in this study was qualitative and of the Grounded theory. Sixteen adolescents who experienced high-risk sexual behavior and were willing to cooperate with the researcher were selected by theoretical sampling method. These individuals were examined in depth using semi-structured interviews. After analyzing the data by Strauss and Corbin (1990) method, a total of 58 concepts, 15 primary categories and three secondary categories were extracted.

  These categories were: 1- Predisposing factors (weakness of religious beliefs, structural problem of family, Sexual experiences and awareness in childhood, childhood abuse and developmental problems); 2. Involving factors (access to sexual stimuli, the impact of friendships, normalization and reduction of shame and guilt, low self-esteem or sexual audacity, poor sexual awareness and attitude, and easy access to sex); And 3- The existence of sexual perversions (having experiences of sexual perversions, gaining emotional rewards, having sexual temptations and seeking the maximum sexual excitement).

it can be said that high-risk sexual behavior is caused by the interaction of several factors, and to prevent such behaviors, we need the joint cooperation of family, school and community.

At times of crisis, patience and tolerance leads to mental health. The lack of impatience and restlessness is so important in ‘patience’ that, in some cases, patience is defined as continuous control of the soul from impatience and avoiding restlessness. Lack of control of impatience leads to many physical and psychological complications. Thus, in this study, impatience in critical situations and the methods of control it have been investigated. The type of study is qualitative (analytical), and it was conducted using a review method that is a combination of systematic review, content analysis, and literature review. The statistical population included the sources of theories, views and studies conducted on this subject, which were searched with the key words: impatience, restlessness, grief, complaint, fear, intolerance, unrest. The main sources used were books in the sphere of Islamic sources and academic papers on the subject-matter. Furthermore, the Qur’an, hadiths and traditions were especially used. The results of study are presented under the following titles: the nature of impatience, causes of impatience, types of impatience, symptoms and manifestations of impatience, function of impatience, damage and consequences of impatience, ways to prevent impatience, and consequences of of prevention. The way to prevent impatience are implemented in four parts: acceptance, relief, support, and initiative. Therefore, it can be said that impatience in a crisis causes damage, and its control increases self-awareness, self-control, and the growth of reason. Hence, learning methods and skills to control it is part of the process of patience and post-traumatic growth.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological and progressive disease. Living with MS has many negative and positive effects on patients' physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supportive therapy on post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in women with MS. This study used quasi-experimental method (a pretest-posttest and fallow up plan with a control group). Participants consisted of 30 women with MS who were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control groups. Our measuring tool was Psychological capital questionnaire (2007) and post-traumatic growth questionnaire (1996) which was completed by the participants. Then, the participants in the experimental group participated in 10 sessions of 50 min of intervention based on Winston, Rosenthal, & Pinsker (2004) supportive therapy protocol. Repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze data. Data analysis showed that supportive therapy had significantly increased the psychological capital (F=16/50, P≤ 0/001) and post traumatic growth (F=14/40, P≤ 0/001) in the experimental group, compared to the control group and the effects of intervention over time remained constant. Based on the findings of this study, supportive therapy can be an effective intervention to increase psychological capital and post traumatic growth in MS patients and can be used to improve the psychological state and better cope with the disease.

It is necessary to determine family health Indices and Indicators to be integrated with policy making, priorities, planning, and researches regarding the family unit. Accordingly, the main question was “what are the indicators and components of family health according to the Iranian Islamic model” ?The research method was Narrative Review and a focus group of elites in the field of family were involved in the study. The statistical population was divided into two groups. One group that used for content analysis was published books and articles on the family, in which findings and perspectives on the family were examined, some of which were Islamic sources. The second group which was used as a focus group, were family experts, including members of the Family Thought Center of the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress. The proposed model for the content analysis was used to analyze the information.For results, the proposed model was used for content analysis. In this set, the basics and concepts of family indicators were first used based on the Iranian Islamic model and then, family indicators of the Islamic Iranian model were presented. Findings included: Definition of a healthy family; Family indicators in the format of 3 main indicators and 9 measures (includes: marriage stability, family strength and dynamics, and family satisfaction) and family indicators in the format of 6 main components, 32 sub-components, and 120 measures (including: sustainable marriage, family strengthening, family growth and dynamism, family destroyers, family social developments, and family support resources). According to the findings, in order to determine the i indicators and components of family health, measures such as: discourse, theorizing, measurement and monitoring, database creation, internal and environmental analysis and it is necessary to determine the burden of family problems and issues.

The intellect is one of the best Allah gifts to man and the cause of his privilege over other beings. This gift is potential in humans and needs to be nurturing and rearing in order to emerge. On the other hand, whimsy, including the most important one "lust" which is present in man and has a strong force for manifestation, hinders the growth of intellect. Accordingly, in the present study, lust control is discussed as a way for the growth of intellect, which is the same kind of patience. The research is qualitative which was done by review method which is a combination of systematic review method, content analysis and literature review. The study population was the source of theories, models and research on the subject that were searched for with the keywords: intellect, whim, lust and patience. The sources used were the Holy Quran, books in the field of Islamic sources and scientific articles on the subject. In this regard, the views of Islamic philosophers, sages and scientists were considered. The results of the research are presented in the form of ways to develop of intellect, crisis as an opportunity for intellect growth, patience as a path for intellect growth, lust control as a way for intellect growth, mechanism of lust control for intellect. Methods of lust control are presented in a five-factor model: self-care, modesty and chastity, repulsion of lust until marriage, observance of boundaries and avoidance of prostitution. Therefore, it can be said that controlling lust (patience) causes the growth of intellect. Accordingly, the use of lust control methods is part of the process of patience and intellect growth.

< p >The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of meaning of life and religious beliefs with the type and extent of acute stress reactions after the disclosure of spouse''s infidelity. This correlational study was a descriptive research. The population was couples who had been involved in infidelities and had referred to the courts and family counseling centers in the cities of Tehran and Saveh in the years 2020-2021. 172 people were purposefully selected among them as the sample. The data collection tools were Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and Glock and Stark''s dimensions of religiosity. The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. According to the results, the extent of acute stress reactions after the disclosure of spouse''s infidelity had a negative significant relationship with meaning of life and its dimensions, including the existence of meaning and seeking it, and religious beliefs and their dimensions, including beliefs, rituals, and emotional and consequential aspects (p < 0.01). All types of acute stress reactions, i.e. dissociative symptoms, re-experience, avoidance, anxiety, hyper-arousal and functional disorder, also had a negative significant relationship with religious beliefs, and meaning of life and its dimensions (p < 0.05). 36% of the total variance of acute stress reactions was explained by meaning of life and religious beliefs (p < 0.01). Therefore, couples'' meaning of life and religious beliefs decrease their acute stress reactions after the disclosure of spouse''s infidelity.

Marriage as the most important and highest social tradition to achieve the emotional needs of individuals has always been emphasized and plays a fundamental role in forming a healthy family. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the strengthening factors of marriage taking into account Iranian culture.This study was a mixed type and in the qualitative part of the content analysis approach and reviewing sources and literature of the last ten years and in the quantitative part of the data collected using descriptive method and Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis using 24 AMOS software analysis Were. The members of the sample group were selected based on the input criteria and by available sampling.The results showed that the checklist items that strengthen marriage were identified in the qualitative section of the acceptable ability to assess underlying factors such as family of origin and cultural, social and economic components and individual factors such as personality, moral and belief characteristics and factors of marriage including homology. And had consensus and intellectual sufficiency and marital factors including sexual / marital issues, communication skills and issues of childbearing and child rearing.A better understanding of the factors that strengthen marriage can provide a good way to model a successful marriage. It also helps marriage and family counselors and psychologists to help young people on the verge of marriage and increase the welfare of couples and reduce social harms, more beneficial and professional.Keywords: marriage stability, strengthening factors, Iranian culture

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotional intelligence interventions, sexual fantasies, and integrated protocol in treating the orgasmic disorder, performance, and quality of sexual life.

The type of study is quasi-experimental based on the pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of all married women aged 30-45 years who had a marital life experience for at least one year and had an orgasmic disorder. The sample consisted of 30 women with a definite diagnosis of the orgasmic disease. The research instruments included Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ), Shot Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Perceived Relationship Quality Scale (PRQC).

The results indicated that the effectiveness of all three interventions, including Emotional intelligence, sexual fantasy, and integrated intervention, were adequate for sexual function, quality of the sexual relationship, and orgasm (F =7.36, P <0.001, square share=0.46). The integrated intervention and sexual fantasy intervention were more effective in improving sexual function and quality of individuals’ sexual life than the emotional intelligence intervention. There was no significant difference between the three types of interventions in the orgasm subscale.

The findings indicated that the integrated intervention is more effective than the other two because this type of intervention works both at the cognitive (sexual fantasies) and emotional levels (emotion regulation and emotional intelligence). The results of the present study can be used in counseling and psychotherapy, especially couple therapy and sex therapy, as well as improving marital life and the quality of sexual life.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological and progressive disease. Living with MS has many negative and positive effects on patients' physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused therapy on post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in women with Multiple Sclerosis.

This study used a quasi-experimental method (a pretest-posttest plan with a control group). Participants consisted of 30 women with Multiple Sclerosis who were selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control groups. Our measuring tool was a psychological capital inventory and posttraumatic growth inventory which was completed by the participants. Then, the participants in the experimental group participated in 10 sessions of 60 min of emotion-focused therapy in 10 weeks but the control group didn’t receive any therapy. Analysis of covariance method was used to analyze data.

Analysis of data showed that there was significant difference in psychological capital and posttraumatic growth in the experimental group, compared to the control group. (P≥ 0/05) There was a significant deference in all the subscale of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism) and the fourth posttraumatic growth subscale (communication, personal strength, value of life and new ways) in women with MS in the experimental group (P≥ 0.05), but no significant difference in the spiritual change subscale.

The result showed, emotion-focused therapy can be an effective intervention to increase psychological capital and posttraumatic growth in MS patients and can be used to improve the psychological state and better cope with the disease.

The present study aimed to identify and assess the central and peripheral factors of marital conflict in the Persian-speaking population of Iran. 

The present study was basic and developmental in terms of purpose. The research design included an exploratory sequential mixed-methods procedure (qualitative-quantitative). To identify the central and peripheral factors, the present study selected and investigated 58 scientific articles in a period of 1991-2019 for a systematic review, 23 conflicting couples for exploratory interviews using the convenience sampling method, and 10 experts for the Delphi method survey using the purposive sampling method, and then developed a comprehensive list of marital conflict in a 344-item checklist, and assessed 450 individual (225 couples) by selecting samples. Thereafter, the results of four stages were combined and central and peripheral factors were classified into peripheral-central factors using coding and factor analysis. 

After factor analysis, 17 items were removed, and finally, 19 central factors and 235 peripheral factors were identified, and premarital issues (β=0.31), lack of support and care for each other (β=0.22), lack of intimacy (β=0.22), issues related to families of origin (β=0.21), lack of attractiveness (β=0.16), sexual dissatisfaction (β=0.13), frustration (β=0.11), dishonesty (β=0.11), communication patterns, and dysfunctional conflict resolution (β=0.11), economic and job problems (β=0.09), problems with previous emotional relationships (β=0.08), and power structure (β=0.07) played the largest roles in marital conflict, followed by extramarital affairs and infidelity, personality and behavioral problems, children-related factors, lack of conscientiousness, religious factors, and the lack of courage of couples explained the marital conflict. 

Based on the research results, the set of factors related to the marital conflict were caused by several central factors that needed to be taken into consideration in preventive interventions, diagnosis, and intervention in couples.

Sexual fantasies are deliberate mental images that have erotic or stimulating content, originating from one’s past experience or sexual activities’ desire. Besides, sexual fantasies are worldwide experienced, and focusing on them and experiencing them affect one’s sexual behavior.  Because sexual fantasies have an individual nature, Research work on it as a standard tool in clinical trials has received less attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ).

 This study was standardization research. The research was operated in Mashhad from June till August 2020. Participants in the study of men and women aged 20-55 years were chosen by accessible sampling method and the research tool was the Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire. In this study, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire including confirmatory factor analysis, validity, reliability, and internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity were assessed and evaluated.

 The results obtained in the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. It can be concluded that the tool for measuring Wilson's sexual fantasies has good reliability (internal consistency). Also, the CR value was higher than 0.7, which indicates the desired and acceptable combination reliability. Factor loads of all components and all items related to Wilson's sexual fantasies variable were significant and desirable except for one item. In the convergent narrative, the scores of sexual quality of life had a positive and significant correlation with the score of intimacy-related fantasy in fantasy situations that happened in reality and fantasy that we would like to happen in reality (p <0.05).

 As the findings showed, the Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire had good validity and reliability. Also in the field of convergent and divergent validity, favorable results were obtained between subscales and the scale of quality of sexual life in individuals, which confirms the reliability and reliability of this questionnaire.

 Marriage is one of the most important and basic human relationships and is the first unit for family relationships and the upbringing of the next generation. On the other hand, ignoring risk factors reduces the well-being of couples and increases marital conflicts. For this reason, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for marital stability on 318 married people in Tehran.

 This study was of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and in the qualitative part of the content analysis approach and reviewing sources and literature of the last ten years and in the quantitative part of the data collected using descriptive method and Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis using software AMOS24 were analyzed. The members of the sample group were selected based on the input criteria and by available sampling.

 The results show that the risk checklist items of marriage that were identified in the qualitative section and the acceptable ability to assess cultural, social and economic factors and components, family of origin, personality, intellectual adequacy, financial skills, sex / marriage, skills They have communication and issues of childbearing and child rearing

 Better understanding of the risk factors in a stable marriage can both help to form a lasting and satisfying relationship and prevent individual and social harms, especially the problem of divorce in society. Therefore, the results of this study can be useful for experts and counselors in the field of marriage and family

One of the variables that is considered before the beginning of married life and is related to the next performance of couples is the attitude towards marriage. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of premarital education based on premarital interpersonal choices and knowledge Program (PICK) and Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) on attitudes toward marriage in couples on the verge of marriage.

The research method was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of couples on the verge of marriage referred to private counseling centers in districts 1, 3 and 5 of Tehran that 60 people (three groups of 20) were selected by available methods as a research sample. First, Bratton and Rosen (1998) Attitude to Marriage Attitude Scale was tested, then the Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge Program (PICK) and the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) were applied to the experimental groups. Follow-up test was performed. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The software used was SPSS version 25.

The results showed that both PICK and PREP programs have a significant and lasting effect on attitudes toward marriage (P = 0.001). The results also showed that the use of PICK program is more effective than PREP program on the attitude towards marriage of couples on the verge of marriage (P = 0.001).

The results of this study indicated that the PICK program is a priority over PREP as a more efficient and short-term intervention to improve the attitude towards marriage.

Marital infidelity can have adverse effects on couples’ lives. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of harm caused by marital infidelity. The research is descriptive-correlational. The subjects were 100 men and women who had com-mitted marital infidelity and 100 men and women who had not. The subjects ans-we-red a questionnaire about the types of har-ms caused by marital infidelity, which were classified into 4 dimensions of per-sonal, family, social and spiritual harms. Statistical analysis was performed using independent group t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software. Findings showed that per-sonal injury (physical and psychological), family injury, social injury and spiritual injury have the highest rates in unfaithful couples, respectively. Also, the study of the extent of injuries caused by marital infidelity in different dimensions showed that: in the physical dimension of sleep disorders, in the psychological dimension of impatience, in the family dimension of cold marital relationship, in the social dimension of loss of reputation, consci-ence had the highest rate. According to the research findings, marital infidelity as a trauma affects all aspects of human exis-tence and requires immediate, short-term and long-term interventions such as crisis intervention.

In recent decades, the two terms "resilience" and "patience" have attracted much research. Now the question is whether these two variables have the same structure or do they have two different structures? What are the similarities and differences between the two in terms of concepts, fundamentals, methods and techniques? The study was an analytical one which was a combination of systematic review, content analysis and literature review. Information was collected from book and article sources. The results showed that Patience involves resilience and beyond. In terms of conceptual constructs of patience, it was observed to include: inhibition of anger, inhibition of lust, patience, endurance, expectation, and openness of reason. Whereas conceptual structures of resilience include: tolerance, adaptation, return, adaptability, capacity building and change and reconstruction. Likewise, the process of patience growth is: emotional restraint; forbearance; Expectation; perfection. So it can be concluded that, the patience as a complete model of Islamic lifestyle, can be used in both the treatment and development of clients, especially in crisis-related interventions. This approach can be a good substitute for emotionally focused and resilience perspectives.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of premarital education based on prevention and relationship enhancement programs on communication beliefs and attitudes toward coupleschr('39') marriage on the verge of marriage.

The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group and a follow-up test period. From the statistical population of couples referring to private counseling centers in 5,3,1 districts of Tehran, 40 people were selected by available methods as a research sample. First, the pre-test of the Idleson-Epstein Communication Beliefs Questionnaire and the Bratton-Rosen Marriage Attitude Scale were administered. Was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc test.

Findings showed that pre-marriage education based on prevention and relationship enhancement program has a positive and significant effect on improving communication beliefs and attitudes toward marriage of couples on the eve of marriage (p≤0.001).

The results of post hoc test showed that this effect was stable over time. Therefore, by using premarital education based on the prevention and relationship enhancement program, communication beliefs and attitudes toward the marriage of couples on the verge of marriage can be improved

Today, breach of contract in marital relations has become a worrying one of the hidden social harms of society. The aim of this study was to study the process and contextual conditions of contract breaking in marital relationships.

This study was performed qualitatively with the foundation data theory method. The statistical population included couples with experience of breach of contract in marital relations in 2018 that 32 people were selected by purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect information. Data were systematically analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding.

Analysis of the content of the information obtained from the interviews led to the identification of 10 sub-categories and 3 main categories including risk factors in the premarital life of the contractor (socio-environmental causes before marriage), how to get to know the spouse (get to know the spouse) And risk factors after marriage and during married life (socio-environmental causes after marriage) in the process of contract formation in marital relationships and 18 sub-categories and 3 main categories including intrinsic risk factors (individual and personality factors), interpersonal risk factors (Family and economic factors) and general risk factors (cultural and social) in the context of contextual conditions in the marital relationship.

Although most people considered the unfulfilled expectations of marriage and dissatisfaction with emotional-sexual needs in the marital relationship as the main reason for breaking the contract, but the influence of attitudes and personal characteristics should not be left to chance. In fact, disability breeding is due to several reasons that the formation process begins before marriage and individual, family-marital and social factors affect its.

In recent decades the family in Iran, under the influence of internal and external factors has changed. One of these changes is the increase of conflict in the family and the consequent collapse of the couplechr('39')s relationship, which has become one of the main challenges of the contemporary family. The aim of the present study was to compare the causes of marital conflicts in the last three decades (1991-2020) with a comparative method. by Convenience Sampling were selected 225 conflicting couples (450 people) married in three decades (1991-2020) were selected from couples referring to a counseling and psychology center in Tehran in 2019-2020 and 19-factor checklist of marital conflict It was given to them to complete The results of analysis of variance showed into marital conflicts trajectory of those married during the three decades (1990s-2000s-2010s) indicated that there are significant differences in factors of frustration, the absence of care and support, economic and occupational problems، power structure, unattractiveness, sexual dissatisfaction, past romantic relationships problems, personality and behavioral problems and religion issues. that some factors related to marital conflicts depends on time conditions. as a result, for every decade, the identification and then determination of the roles of these factors in marital conflicts is suggested.