خسرو قاسمیان

Although a lot of research has been done in the realm of Hafez's poetry, it can still be addressed from different angles. In this article, a verse from Hafez's sonnet, is analyzed with the aim of showing its connection with the ritual of Mithraism. ز دوستان تو آموخت در طریقت مهر سپیده دم که هوا چاک زد شعار سیاه The dawn learned from your friends in the rite of affection When it ripped the air and the black design For this purpose, firstly, the more accurate recordings and the more correct readings were noticed and analyzed by referring to statistical comparison of eleven printed and prominent copies of Hafez's Divan and paying attention to the poetic connections of the verse's words. To reach the mentioned goal, the accurate recording of the words of the verse and its more correct reading was specified, the opinions of several scholars were discussed and criticizes, and the link between the key words of the verse with the symbols mentioned in the ritual of Mithraism was provided with the help of intra-textual and extra-textual signs. The main achievement of this research is strengthening the theory of Hafez’s attention to Mithraism.

Fazel Nazai is one of the contemporary Poets who have high status and reputation for their sonnets. In one hand, Fazel in his works is under the influence of Indian style but on the other hand his works have some stylistic features that we can consider it as a connection between classic forms of poems and modern forms. So far, he has published five books entitled "Geryehaye Empratour" (Emperor’s Cries), "Aqaliyat" (Minority), "Anha" (Those) and "Zed" (Opposite), “ketab (a book). In this article, all the sonnets in his published books are studied statistically and the stylistic features and the most used subjects in his poems have been classified. Nazari’s poems gather some structural features like, the special notice to the number of the couplets, the special way of making refrains, the gentle rhymes. Also they contain some special meaning making techniques that add some allegory function to the couplets. The most used subjects are integrating love and enthusiasm for god and social issues that in this issue he is under the influence of Hafez. These stylistic features are the most important reasons that readers love about Nazar’s poems

Among Moulana’s works the eminent book of Masnaviin many countries particularly Iran, turkey, Indian subcontinent has been the main interest of many groups and around it many works were created yet till present a codified report has not been presented. Producing scientific and statistical reports on the history of the state ofscholarship on Masnavi in different countries on one hand cast light to the standpoint of Moulana and Masnavi in that land and on the other hand reveals the importance of Persian language and culture more than the past and also it paves the way for other scholars working in this domain.  For this purpose, attempt is made in this article to divide the record of Masnavi scholarship into two periods.  All works produced from the past till 1383 aboutMasnavi in the form of compilation, commentary, and translation published are examined, and classified according to the subject.

The popularity of Persian language and books in Turkey, especially during the 17th century, has provided a suitable atmosphere for the emergence of Mowlana’s works, particularly Masnavi Maanavi in Persian. In Turkey, among Mowlana’s other works, Masnavi has achieved a special status and both Persian and non-Persian speakers have paid particular attention to it. Furthermore, many articles and books have been written on it. There seems to be a correlation between the fall/rise of the tendency toward Masnavi in Turkey and that of Persian language status there and hence the number of translated works and interpretations written on Masnavi seems to be strongly dependent on the presence and popularity of Persian language in Turkey. Accordingly, in the present study, based on the sources available, it is attempted to investigate the tendency toward Masnavi with regard to the status of Persian language in Turkey. The study hasbeen carried out with respect to “Masnavi Interpretation”, “Masnavi Translation”, and “Masnavi Reading”. The most important interpretations and translations of Masnavi are listed as well.