دانیال حیدری

Choosing lifestyle determines the future of a person and as a result, the future of society. Therefore, without proper recognition and understanding of lifestyle, personal and social habits and ways of life will go astray and as neglecting the lifestyle can causes crimes and different violations including financial crimes of personnel and causes irreparable damage to the family, organization and society and tarnishes their dignity, the objective of this research is measuring the impact of lifestyle on financial crimes of IRGC’ personnel. This is an applied research and producing literature in it is in order to help improve lifestyle of IRGC’ personnel and is usable in IRGC and its intelligence protection organization. The research method is reasoning after occurrence that according to the dependent variable, examines the probable causes of its occurrence. The information collection method is library with studying the cases of IRGC’ accused personnel of financial crimes in the last ten years. The Statistical population includes all the filed cases with the subject of financial crimes of IRGC’ personnel in the last ten years and stratified sampling is utilized for this purpose. The research results show that the indicators related to organizational lifestyle have the highest impact on financial crimes of personnel and indicate weakness of oversight, legal loopholes and abundance of criminal financial opportunities at IRGC level. In the second place are the indicators related to individual lifestyle that the issues of belief and faith, personality weakness and lack of satisfaction are visible in it and in the next place are the indicators related to social lifestyle with the issues of future economic security, class distance and high family expectations.

The purpose of this research is to develop Caudillo's theory to appraise the strengthening levers of governance hegemony in family ownership. First, through a systematic screening process, the levers that enhance governance hegemony were identified. During the stages of fuzzy analysis, these levers were evaluated for reliability. The results from the qualitative phase indicate the existence of six levers that strengthen governance hegemony in family companies, as identified through the steps of fuzzy Delphi analysis. All dimensions were confirmed to be reliable. Furthermore, based on the credit check process, it was determined that the most favorable fuzzy analysis method, according to participants' scores, is the hierarchical fuzzy analysis using the TODIM approach.

The governance system in company management is the foundation for monitoring the balance of interests between the company and its stakeholders. However, based on theories such as agency cost theory, this system can often be perceived as one-dimensional or opportunistic, particularly in the ownership structure of family-owned companies. In other words, governance mechanisms in family companies tend to prioritize the expansion of interests that may not necessarily align with the broader interests of the majority of stakeholders. This misalignment gradually exacerbates the representation gap in the capital market. Therefore, assessing how the concentration of power in such structures affects stakeholder expectations is a critical issue. Beyond past research, this evaluation takes a step forward by examining its dimensions at the market level within companies of this ownership nature.
 
Literature review
Caudillos, or supporters of Caudillo rule (Caudilloism), represent a type of political and governing party found in one-party government systems. These systems typically revolve around a government structure loyal to a central, powerful figure. The term “Caudillo,” derived from Spanish and meaning "powerful man", describes a leader who forms a management system populated by individuals aligned with their ideology. Over time, this governance approach often leads to discrimination and corruption within the administrative system. While the characteristics of Caudillo governance-such as the pursuit of power and suppression of opposing opinions-may not directly translate to the management structures of companies, drawing thematic analogies can highlight similarities between this political system and corporate governance. A concept closely resembling Caudilloism in corporate governance is family ownership, where power is typically concentrated among the relatives of the company’s founder. In such systems, decisions often aim to satisfy the interests of the central powerful figure, mirroring the dynamics of Caudilloism.
 

This research is practical and through a developmental approach, aims to identify and determine the most significant lever to strengthen sovereign ownership in family-owned companies within capital market contexts, using Todim's fuzzy analysis. Given the incoherence of the theoretical framework, this research contributes to enhancing perceptual effectiveness through a developmental lens, both thematically and analytically. In terms of data type, this research falls into the category of mixed-method research, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses to describe and survey the research topic. The implementation strategy is based on mathematical models and operational research, categorizing it as analytical-mathematical research. Descriptive-analytical research involves not only illustrating what exists but also describing and explaining the reasons behind the situation, including the “how” and “why” of the problem and its dimensions. Such research requires strong argumentative support to explain and justify its findings. This support is achieved through an extensive review of the literature, theoretical discussions, and the development of leverage criteria and general propositions regarding the phenomenon under investigation. In the qualitative phase, meta-composite analysis is used to establish a solid foundation. The researcher logically connects the details of the research problem with its components, enabling meaningful conclusions to be drawn.
 

In this study, addressing the first research question regarding the levers to strengthen government ownership in family-owned companies, content analysis of research texts was conducted to identify evaluable dimensions. A Delphi analysis was then performed to assess the reliability of these dimensions within the Iranian capital market. The results from the qualitative phase indicated the existence of six levers. Subsequently, to address the second research question, fuzzy analysis based on TODIM was conducted to identify the most prominent dimension in this relationship. The results of the analysis revealed that the lack of independence of the board of directors is the most significant lever reinforcing corporate governance ownership in family-owned companies.
 

The purpose of this research is to develop Caudillo's theory to appraise the governance hegemony levers in family ownership. Caudillo's theory outlines the structure of political governance in administration based on power-oriented processes, where individuals close to power are selected as leaders and tasked with overseeing executive affairs. Given that the structure of family-owned companies may follow a similar pattern, this research examines various aspects of the structural characteristics of companies with power-oriented ownership, specifically in the context of family ownership. In analyzing the results, it can be stated that family-owned structures often aim to maintain their power within the company. To achieve this, they tend to select board members who have close familial or interactive ties with the president or founder of the company. This ensures their influence over the company's decisions. Consequently, the independence of the board of directors in such companies is often compromised, which can lead to the allocation of bonuses to managers and an increase in information asymmetry.
 

The results of this study indicate that the management of companies is often influenced by the presence of individuals who may not necessarily possess expertise in management or effective decision-making. Their primary role is to ensure that the interests of those in power are safeguarded, even at the expense of other stakeholders. In family-owned companies, the ownership structure characterized by a higher proportion of non-independent members on the board of directors, can exacerbate conflicts of interest due to the lack of independence among board members. This imbalance, where non-independent members outnumber independent ones, creates a fertile ground for conflicts between the interests of the company and its shareholders, ultimately harming the interests of minority shareholders.

The investment behavior of companies is affected by government policies as well as their liquidity status. Considering this importance, the present research has examined the relationship between monetary policies, the level of cash retention and the amount of investment. The statistical sample of this research includes 119 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2015-2016. In order to check the hypotheses of the research, Eviews software and the combined data method have been used. The results of the research showed that keeping cash in the last year leads to a decrease in investment in the company. Also, the results of the surveys showed that the monetary policies in the previous year have increased the level of investment. Finally, the research findings indicated that monetary policies in the past year overshadowed the relationship between the level of cash retention in the previous year and the amount of investment of the company.

Making the optimal investment and choosing the right investment project is the most important challenge facing the owners of capital in the financial markets. Examining issues such as profit management, the market situation and reaction to financial and non-financial events, studying the behavior of financial providers, the status of shareholders will lead to gaining relative knowledge of them by considering some variables and with this knowledge, the project Choose suitable for investment. In this research, in order to check the validity of methods of measuring investment opportunities in companies, independent variables: reputation, company size, profitability level, leverage level and systematic risk were evaluated. The time domain of this research is a 6-year period in which the selected companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange were studied in the years 1395 to 1400 and in this study 81 companies were considered as a statistical sample in each year. have been According to the results of the tests conducted in this research and similar researches, with the exception of the variables of leverage level and profitability level, with Spearman's correlation coefficient values ​​of 0.018 and 0.001, respectively, between other variables and investment opportunities in the territory's companies. This research has no relationship.Therefore, according to the results of the research tests, the Myers model is not a suitable model for predicting investment opportunities in the companies of the research territory or in the country of Iran.

This study aims to investigate the role of media literacy in social crises and seeks to answer the question, what is the role of media literacy in social crises? This research is applied in terms of type of research and descriptiveanalytical method has been used to conduct research. The statistical population of the present study consists of all experts in the field of media, media literacy, communication sciences, as well as ex-perts in the field of social crises, and due to the limited statistical popu-lation, the entire statistical population as a whole. The number is sta-tistically examined as the sample size. Data collection tools are library studies, interviews and questionnaires whose validity was confirmed by experts and its validity was obtained through a method called Cron-bach’s alpha and the rate (0.84) and then a 42-item questionnaire was performed on the statistical population and information was extracted. Were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS software, the results show that; Media literacy in the dimensions of media consumption regime (determining the amount and manner of using each media, recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of media as well as its uses and limitations), critical thinking (understand-ing the hidden meanings of media messages resulting from it) And me-dia streamlining (recognizing the nature of different media streams, and understanding the overt and covert goals of media owners) play a role in social crises

This study is an attempt to answere the question that; What are the US social and cultural threats against the slamic Repiblic of iran, based on the guidance of Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution? It seeks to address this issue by summarizing the factors and indicators of the US social and cultural threats to the Islamic republic of Iran. In this descriptive research the content analysis method based on the statements, measures and commands of Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, was used.This study categorizes the orientations, points of emphasis, and the analysis of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution ,regarding the US social and cultural threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran.The results indicate that the factors of the US social and cultural threats are belief, soft war, social cohesion, and affecting the Iranian people’s beliefs and ideas. Moreover, the indicators for these factors are Islamphobia, religious and ideological dissent, intellectual transformation, cultural aggression, cultural penetration, propaganda, influence, dissent, ethnic and racial extremism, confronting beliefs and ideologies, increasing behaviors that conflict with beliefs, producing products that conflict with the beliefs and ideologies

This study aims to explain the influence of Western cultural influence on the human component of the military power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and seeks to answer the question that; how the cultural influence of the West is affecting the human component of the military power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this descriptive-analytic research, library and field method (questionnaire) were used to collect the data. The questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 items in the Likert scale. The statistical population of this study consists of a number of military scholars in the field of culture and cultural influence of the country, among which 56 individuals have been selected as the sample size. Then, the data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicate that the cultural influence of the West through influencing he human source, and allied them with its goals and intentions has a significant effect on the military security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In today’s rapidly changing world, the successful organizations are those that learn faster and better than competitors, and make use of these learned lessons in their working processes. The purpose of this study was to identify the obstacles to organizational learning in security organizations. In this applied research the descriptive-analytical method was used. The sample size of the study includes a number of 62 professors and faculty members of the security forces universities of the armed forces, that has been selected randomly among 189 members of the statistical population. Attempts were made to answer to this question that what are the barriers to learning in security organizations. A questionnaire consisting of 53 items about the variables of the study was developed, and after the distributing and collecting the data, responses were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the most important barriers to organizational learning in Security agencies include:Getting not enough support from the senior managers, the tendency to do things using old fashion methods, the lack of dissemination of critical culture in the organization, the organization’s resistance to new ideas, not attending to educational ideas in practice, the lack of awareness of managers about the necessary changes, inability in having critical views, managers’ inefficiency in recording, encouraging,and honoring of sharing insight into the organization

Southwest Asia is one of the most important controversies in the world. This region has been involved in many conflicts in recent years. Meanwhile, Iraq has undergone many changes due to structural deficiencies, the involvement of foreign powers and regional actors. Consequently , these changes provided the necessary grounds for the emergence of terrorism, which ISIS is the last of terrorist groups. Security crises are among the main challenges in each country. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the visual texts of ISIS and the Iraqi refugees and seek to answer the question of what features of the ISIL and Iraqi refugees are represented in the visual texts. In this research, the photo is considered as both a context for the connection and production of meaning and also an artistic social activity. In this study, based on the theory of representation and the semiotic method- in the semiotic method it is possible to examine the underlying layers of media texts including photographs- and by analyzing the statistical sample and using the Maxqda qualitative software, a photo analysis of the subject of ISIL refugees has been addressed.

This essay tries to answer the question that, what is the supreme leader`s perspective about threats? We try to identify important factors to consider the threat. Type of research is descriptive and content analysis method is used according to the measures and decrees of the Supreme Leader. The results of the study suggest that identifying threats from the Supreme Leader`s perspective have both inner and outer area. The inner area is divided to the individual and organizational aspects and the outer area is divided to regional and international dimensions.Individual components consist from should and not should and recognition, and organizational components consist from the priorities and the possibilities (capacity). In regional area, we saw regional issues and the inseparably of clever and wise vision to abroad and in international area we found arrogance recognition, contemplation in realities and the global capabilities consist components forming the outer dimensions. The focal point and centerpiece of all these factors and important indicator is knowing that the Supreme Leader's emphasis on this subject especially in the field of internal and organizational knowledge and then, recognizing the individual.

This article aims to examine the impact of social learning theory on individuals’ behavior in social crises, according to Bandura's theory on crisis management. The paper seeks to answer the fundamental question that; based on this theory, How social learning causes the spread of tension raising behavior to different layers of society, and consequently, intensifying the social crises? For this applied research, researchers employed an analytical - descriptive methodology. The participants of the study were 112 experts and crisis managers with undergraduate and graduate degrees, and at least 15 years of service in the socio-cultural center at the Ministry of the Interior. Among this population, using stratified sampling, 48 patients were selected. And validity of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach’s alpha formula. The results indicated that the questionnaire has an acceptable reliability. After that, extracted data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and hypothesis was confirmed. Results showed that when individuals attend to critical behaviors put them into their behavioral patterns and after remembering, renewal, and gaining motivation and strengthening it, attempt to emulate and implement them and as a result, critical behaviors spread into different layers of society.