دهقانی

Fifteen endemic ecotypes of the fenugreek were evaluated under well-watered and water deficit stressed conditions in the lysimetric system. Results of analysis of variance revealed that there was significant genotypic diversity for all of the traits, except root branch number. Also, ecotype × water treatment interaction was significant for all traits, except days to ripening, canopy temperature, and grain weight. Based on structural equation modeling, predictors in the causal diagram could explain 59%, 29%, 65%, and 51% of the total variation of dependent traits consisting root length, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, and percent assimilate partitioned to grain, respectively. These dependent traits had high broad sense heritability and explained 100% variation of grain weight. Transpiration efficiency had a positive effect on grain weight through stem diameter, root length, shoot dry weight, and percent assimilate partitioned to grain. Results of membership function value of drought tolerance index and heat map clustering revealed that Jahrom ecotype was a highly drought susceptible ecotype, and Yazd and India were drought susceptible ecotypes. Also, Tiranchi and Shiraz were identified as drought tolerant ecotypes. Overall, under water stress conditions, the drought tolerant ecotypes had deeper roots than the other ones. Therefore, these ecotypes might be considered as donor parents in fenugreek breeding programs.

After a relatively long period of centralization and with the beginning of decentralization experiences since 1970s, the periodical orientations and trends of governments towards both centralization and decentralization systems appeared. Stemming generally from political and economic domains, decentralization entered curriculum and education system from these domains. Problems such as deficiencies in professional human resource, the lack of sufficient funds and support, teacher's resistance, globalization, etc resulted in government's orientations towards recentralization in order to improve education quality and solve these problems. Considering centralization and decentralization, especially in education and curricula, main causes of derivation from original objective of decentralization, including focus on peripheral aspects, such as financial, administrative and managerial ones (hard exposure) and less attention to main objective of quality improvement and curriculum development (soft exposure) have been explained. These two exposures to decentralization were practically encountered in curriculum and education system followed by inaccurate and false perspectives on decentralization. True understanding of these two systems, characteristics and correct exposure and rational to them can help to curriculum enhancement. Implications of centralization and decentralization to IRAN curriculum system by consideration of its inclusive historical and cultural background and orientation toward its decentralization together with Iran's current condition has been explained.

Recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) have transformed Supply Chain Management (SCM). Global technological advancements, competitive and dynamic markets, changes in business processes, increasing expectations level of different stakeholders and demand for more value-added from customer side are only few reasons for change in current Supply Chain Management approach. Therefore, it is imperative that all companies apply appropriate policies along with the latest supply chain technologies to deal with new situations. Despite the unsatisfactory preceding reports on tile industry in Iran, availability of rich mineral resources, low cost energy, skilled manpower, and state support policies have boosted opportunities to the industry in terms of growth and market positioning in regional and global markets. However, because of high profitability of the business, local manufacturers are facing increasing competition from other countries that is considered as a serious threat for the future of Iran's tile industry. The aim of this paper is to study the factors influencing information technology use in supply chain management for tile industry in Yazd province. Thus, based on the existing literature determinants of IT utilizing in SCM were investigated and then these criteria were ranked based on manager's perception by using Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS).

In order to genetic investigation of drought resistance indices, on 25 maize inbred lines, an experiment was conducted under three irrigation regimes; normal irrigation, limited vegetative irrigation and limited reproductive irrigation. In the limited vegetative irrigation, TOL (Stress Tolerance) index had the highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (83.83% and 68.04% respectively) and SSI (Stress Susceptibility Index) had highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (79.59% and 60.19% respectively). The MP (Mean productivity), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity) and STI indices had highest phenotypic and genotypic correlation with grain yield under limited irrigation and had significance correlation with grain yield, kernel per row, row per ear and 500- grain weight under normal irrigation condition. The results of limited reproductive irrigation also indicated that GMP had highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. MP, GMP, STI and SSI (Stress Susceptibility Index) indices showed significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation with grain yield, kernel per row, row per ear and 500- grain weight traits under limited irrigation in reproductive condition. MP, GMP, STI and SSI indices had significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation with grain yield, kernel per row, row per ear and 500- grain weight traits under normal irrigation condition. With consideration of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of correlation, drought indices that had high correlation with studied traits can be used to improve them.