فهرست مطالب دکتر فرح حبیب

This study aimed to develop a conceptual model to use the biomimicry approach in design of building envelopes to improve urban ecology. The research was descriptive-analytical and the required data were provided by library and field studies of buildings designed with biomimicry approach. For this purpose, first, biomimicry approach was identified, then twenty samples of biomimetic envelopes were examined, then components and criteria were extracted. The dependency system of the criteria was measured and the importance of each criterion was determined using a network analysis process with a survey of twenty experts in this field and they were weighted with the help of Super-decisions software. As a result, for functional, physical, and formal components, the relevant criteria and sub-criteria were determined according to their importance. Then, a conceptual model of quality evaluation of building envelopes with biomimicry approach was developed. The novelty of this research is the study of biomimicry approach in Iranian envelopes with nature-oriented design. In this regard, using a quality evaluation model, Barin ski building was evaluated so that according to its strengths and weaknesses, designers can make more effective decisions in design of biomimetic building envelopes in Iran.

The educational environment is one of the determining factors in the academic progress of students.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of physical components of the educational environment on the student's motivation in Tehran. The type of present research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included the Sixth-grade elementary school students of Tehran city who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021. Sampling was done by the systematic-probability sampling method. Three hundred and eighty-seven students who met the criteria to enter the research were selected. The research tools included questionnaires on the physical aspects of the classroom environment (PACE) (Ahmad et al. 2015) and the student's motivation toward science learning (SMTSL) (Tuan et al. 2005). To analyze the data, smart partial least squares structural (PLS) software, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. The results showed that the components of the physical environment (Academic self-efficacy, furniture, equipment and facilities, space, light, indoor air quality, and color) have a positive and significant relationship with the learning motivation variable. Also, the analysis of SEM showed that the value of the t statistic in all cases is higher than 1.96. Factor loading of items was above 0.40 and so the selected questions had appropriate factor structures. The path coefficient was equal to 0.340 and the absolute value of the t statistic was equal to 5.197 which was higher than 1.96. There was a significant positive relationship between the physical components of the educational environment, learning motivation, and the academic self-efficacy of students. Therefore, planning for changes in the structure of the physical components of schools can be one of the priorities of creating a fundamental change in the achieving academic excellence of students.

Housing, as the primary urban use, shapes the spatial system and urban physical form at the neighborhood level. Planning for physical system and quality of living spaces requires attention to housing design. Understanding the role of housing design rules and regulations in form of Practical-developmental model has provided necessary background for this research. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data is collected in a combined (qualitative and quantitative) manner. Among the housing design rules and regulations, 11 regulations were selected by reviewing the content of documents and library studies, and 33 requirements were compiled after interviews with experts. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, 19 requirements out of 10 regulations Were approved after two rounds of repetition. Structural-Interpretive Modeling (ISM) method has been used to explain the model. To form Delphi and ISM team, 10 experts in field of housing design have been selected by purposive sampling. Based on analysis of findings, model consists of three levels. In the first level, there is the Lot Coverage rule (R1), which is the most effective rule. According to MicMac analysis, Lot Coverage (R1), height of building and unit (R5) and parking ramp (R6) regulations are located in independent area, while the patio (R4) regulation is located in the linkage area. They have the highest penetration power and the lowest dependence of other regulations. The results show that explained rules and regulations are effective in organizing living spaces and urban Physical system. Therefore, they should receive more attention in urban planning.

One of the most important physical components of the city, which strengthens the relationship between citizens and the place, is the composition of the facade of the buildings, in other words, the urban facade.In urban design and development, the physical-aesthetic dimension is considered to be the most important quality in the urban space, the purpose of which is to create a pleasant feeling in the urban environment. Meanwhile, the walls of the streets are one of the most important dimensions of effective design on the aesthetics of the urban landscape due to their direct influence on the visual perception of the citizens. The current research tries to provide effective solutions to improve the aesthetic objective in the aspect of facades and residential walls by prioritizing the preferences of the observers.The research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of type and practical in terms of purpose. Information was collected through field visits, document studies and questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data from two viewpoints of observers and experts, and then the components obtained in the selected images of the region were analyzed based on the preferences of the users.The findings indicate that the components of color and texture of materials, sky line and volumetric porosity, from both points of view, are in the priority of evaluating residential wall beauty preferences. This article tries to provide suggestions to improve the conditions of urban walls by considering the physical indicators prioritized by supervisors and experts.

Urban ecology studies the city as an ecosystem consisting of humans and biophysical factors and how they interact in urban environments.Visual ecology also examines the environment around humans as an ecological factor and helps humans to feel pleasant and harmonize it with the physio logical mechanisms of vision. The aim of the present research is to identify the anatomical dimensions of facades and the impact of visual ecology criteria on improving the quality of residential facades in Tehran. The type of research method is descriptive and analytical and has a mixed approach. In the quantitative part of the QSORT classification method, information was obtained through field observations and questionnaire tools in the Likert spectrum, and the image quality diagram was drawn from the observer's point of view with SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient with a rate of 0.785. In the qualitative analysis, the selected views were analyzed in the table based on the constituent elements and criteria of visual ecology and mechanisms of the visual system. The findings show that facades according to vision standards can form comfortable, uniform and aggressive visual environments, and as a result, based on Pie chart calculations, the frequency of visual quality of residential facades within the scope of the research is 65% comfortable, 15% uniform & 20% are aggressive. This article tries to provide solutions to improve the quality of citizens' visual vision through the analysis of desirable visual criteria in the facade of the building.

The rapid urbanization and urbanization trend, especially in developing countries, have become pervasive social phenomena in the present era, resulting in social inequalities, poverty, increased corruption and crime, environmental crises, class differences, lack of social welfare, premature death, inadequate housing and homelessness, informal settlements. . The existence of such inequalities in cities causes conflict in societies and ultimately violent behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the current status of urban poverty and its impact on behavioral patterns, focusing on the Shirabad neighborhood in Zahedan.The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on a survey strategy. Initially, the literature and foundations of the subject were reviewed to establish the criteria. Then, by consulting with a panel of experts (100 individuals), these criteria were finalized in the form of six components. In the next step, the current status of these criteria was assessed through field observations and interviews. Based on the assessment of the current status and the analysis of the t-test results, the average score of each of the six components was significantly higher than the average value of 3, Therefore, the research hypotheses were confirmed. This means that the identification of 6 components and 40 criteria that cause urban poverty in the formation of the final model was accepted and approved by experts and specialists. The results of the research show that the proposed model of this research can be very efficient in investigating the role of urban poverty on the behavioral patterns of citizens , which includes 6 components and 40 criteria in the form of social, economic, cultural, physical, infrastructure and basic and environmental services.

Localization of development agency based on unique civilizational-cultural characteristics is one of the concerns and challenges facing urban planners in policy making in Iran. The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze those factors of urban morphology in local studies that have been evaluated as effective on social vulnerability in order to reach a clear definition of the dimensions, components and elements of each of them.

Based on the purpose, this research is applied-developmental, and with a quantitative approach, meta-analysis method has been used to extract the influential criteria and components of urban morphology on social vulnerability.

results show that urban morphology is influenced by the four aspects of: urban economy, transportation management and urban logistics, macro policies of horizontal and vertical development of the city and the urbanization paradigm. Social damage caused by urban form affected by land use management, roads geometry, type of texture in terms of wear and tear, geometry of filled and empty masses and creation of voids, transparency and readability of urban texture, vitality, accessibility and lighting of roads at night, the degree of realization of spatial justice It is for all sections of society and safety in the urban space during natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes.

The main approaches to the studies of the dimensions and components of urban morphology are physical, local-climatic, environmental perception and behavioral sciences, historical and geographical, economic-political, social sciences, humanities and cultural-contextual dimensions.

One of the characteristics of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology is to pay attention to the place of the body and the role of the body in the process of sensory perception of the world. A photographed image is unreliable evidence of the real quality of the architectural space. Therefore, examining the role of the body, understanding the human position, and his experience of architectural space, provide him with a different perspective on understanding space. In traditional architecture, especially historical bazaars, deep attention has been paid to the presence of man and his perception of the main lines of the bazaar and the surrounding spaces, which, by involving the five senses, has a different understanding of the space compared to the image prepared of that space. The main question of the research is: What are the influential components in bodily perception based on Merleau-Ponty's theories in the Iranian bazaar? The purpose of this research is to investigate the human position and the different types of perception in the presence of humans, emphasizing the theory of Merleau-Ponty's bodily perception. In fact, in this research, by examining Merleau-Ponty's theory and the theories proposed about bodily perception in the architectural space, the influencing factors on the different perceptions of man and the effect of his presence in the architectural space are investigated.

The research method is based on the onion model, where each layer is affected by the other layer. The structure of the research is based on the qualitative method of grounded theory. This research is in the form of qualitative research and a descriptive-analytical research method has been used. The method of collecting information is library and field, and the means of collecting information is by recording observations and interviews.

In the results of this research, which was carried out with an emphasis on Merleau-Ponty's theory based on female perception, the components influencing the presence of man and his different vision, such as depth, distance, movement in architectural space, perspective view, atmosphere of space, change of observer's view and parallax have been obtained.

The findings show that these components show up well in the space of the historical market; the attention of the past architects to the role of man in space, and the engagement of his perception by creating a sense of movement, the horizon of vision and movement depth, rhythm and repetition in the walls and exposure, is deeply felt and the role They have a decisive role in understanding the architectural space and human experience in the Iranian bazaar.

This article has tried to identify and cluster the effective requirements on the design of biophilic architecture of interurban spaces in the first phase of Ekbatan settlement of Tehran, using the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data has been prepared by documentary method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical samples were 20 urban experts and specialists who were selected by snowball sampling method. 55 primary drivers in 6 statistical categories and identified by structural interaction analysis method were processed in MICMAC software. According to the results of the general dispersion pattern of the studied requirements, in terms of mutual effects analysis, it indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the design requirements of biophilic interspaces are complex and intermediate in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness, and the requirements are more concentrated in the cluster of independent factors. General patterns, composition of components and habitats and ecosystems have been ranked first to third by obtaining the direct influence of 311, 296 and 278, respectively, and as the most key requirements for the design of biophilic interspaces in the phase 1 residential complex of Ekbatan settlement, Tehran. were chosen. General patterns, composition of components, habitats and ecosystems, inspiration from nature, geographical connection to the place, ecological connection to the place, building form, space as shape and form, coordinating factor of shape and spatial form, natural light, defining spaces. Inside and outside, light and shade, and growth and effectiveness were selected as 13 key requirements for the design of biophilic interspaces in the residential complex of phase 1 of Ekbatan. Key forces in terms of system performance in the design system environment have a role of high effectiveness and low effectiveness. As a result, as stable requirements, it controls the macro state of the system and its changes; The key requirements of the entrance effect of the design system of biophilic spaces in the residential complex of phase 1 of Ekbatan town of Tehran are considered.

Knowledge is one of the most important resources for competition and development in today's economy. Therefore, knowledge-based cities are considered as a suitable solution for economic growth and development of regions and improving the quality of life in the 21st century. The main goal of this research is to formulate solid theoretical foundations regarding the impact of knowledge-based cities on regional development and the micro-goal is to identify the components and criteria of a knowledge-based city in order to achieve a proposed local framework for knowledge-based urban development in Pardis city. The research philosophy is pragmatism with a positive orientation and analytical research method, and the research approach is based on the nature of the data in a combined (inductive and deductive) manner.In this research, in order to reach a proposed local framework for the development of a knowledge-based city, it explains and evaluates the components and criteria of a knowledge-based city in Pardis city. In order to achieve this goal, the desired components and criteria were determined using documentary studies and theoretical and experimental bases, and a questionnaire with 65 items was distributed among the decision-making group consisting of 40 members of the target group, using the Delphi method. The z-score method was used to extract the best indicators, and the weight of the components and criteria was calculated based on the Likert spectrum and the best-best method. In the following, the research questions were answered, which are the criteria and indicators necessary to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city and what will be their priority to achieve a successful knowledge-based city.In fact, six social, economic, managerial, perceptual, spatial organization and urban infrastructure components were defined as the proposed components for knowledge-based urban development and their related indicators. The results of the research show that the economic component with a score of 0.42 is in the first place, the social and cultural component is in the second place with a score of 0.35 and the urban infrastructure component is in the third place with a score of 0.21 in terms of importance in Pardis city and in line with every One of the mentioned components, the indicators related to them were prioritized and necessary proposals were presented to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city with the aim of regional development

In less developed countries and in cities that are rapidly experiencing unbridled physical growth, the problems caused by urbanization in various dimensions affect the residents of these large human settlements. Life in big cities including Tehran in our country is often missing the title of human and human interactions. Therefore, a solution is proposed as an urban pause space to face this challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the current status of the urban pause space for social interactions, The research area was around 15 Khordad in Tehran. The area around 15 Khordad in Tehran has been selected as a case study of this research. The research has been carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using documentary and survey methods. First, the literature and basics of the subject were reviewed to calculate the indicators. Then, referring to the expert community (100 people), these indicators were finalized in the form of three dimensions. In the next step, the current status of these indicators was measured in the field and through observation and interview. The assessment of the current situation showed that the functional dimension with 0.65 is in the best state, the semantic dimension with 0.6 is in the middle category and the physical dimension with 0.58 is in the last category. Conclusion In the end, the trustee institutions can improve the existing situation by establishing street arts, gathering activities, recreational places (parks), games and sports, and the existence of facilities for disabled people.

The high consumption of energy in the construction sector in today's world has led to the creation of many environmental problems in addition to the huge waste of non-renewable natural resources. Provide a more comfortable living environment for its residents. One of the native regions of our country is Sistan-Baluchistan province, one of the manifestations of native housing in this province can be found in its rural housing, and a unique example is the use of passive solar systems in the natural ventilation sector; Therefore, recognizing the climatic organs of rural housing in our country, which has been in response to the thermal and living comfort needs of the residents, is one of the solutions to the pathology of the existing situation and a response to the new attitudes of housing construction in new construction methods. In the ventilation sector in these types of buildings, natural ventilation consumes less energy and has less pollution compared to new cooling methods. One of the climatic organs of the rural housing of this area is kolak, which is a type of wind deflector native to Zabul region. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of local wind deflectors in Sistan-Baluchistan province in providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation. In this article, firstly, by using qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical way, and then by taking advantage of the field survey of the common pattern in the rural housing of Qaleno village, to identify and investigate the methods of using wind in the natural ventilation of the rural housing in this area by using organs. The climate of the bellows was discussed and CFD simulation of this climate organ was carried out by comparing different modes to check the effectiveness of this organ. Studies show that the performance of this type of wind deflector by investigating simulations leads to an increase in natural ventilation, which should be considered in the performance of existing buildings in future constructions, including: the placement of windows and suction valves.

After literature, Hamedani artists have adored visual arts more than any other realms of art. This very article strives to consider and classify the latent currents among Hamedan first generation painters. In other words, it endeavors to introduce, categorize and analyze the available flows from artists’ artworks from the beginning of painting creation on canvas and cloth for Hamedan artists-painters born (Hijri Shamsi 1280-1330). But what is very evident is the effect of nature on the works of painters of Hamadan. Often, the artist takes refuge in nature to understand himself and the connection between feeling and imagination. Because art somehow adheres to an understanding of the world that takes humanity away from all its functions at the level of society for a moment to reach a place of imagination and pure feeling with a special sensitivity. Man can achieve an understanding and transformation of nature in this place of imagination and direct feelingThe article data collection method has been of field collection method, observation method, Interview and library collection method. The works analysis method has been done through descriptive method, and their critique based on form analysis, and stylistics of some of artists’ works through comparative content analysis. The data have been formulized through interviewing and the resources of their interviews in the newspapers, and the artistic works have been taken photo of and analyzed by the article author. The research findings show that almost five parallel flows have been loomed in painting art within Hamedan first generation painters. In regard with the analysis of the works of the pioneers of the painting of Hamedan, some parameters have been put into consideration and have been paid attention to from two perspectives of form and content as following: the subject matter of the work, taking notice of objectivity, the role of the observer, the sort of composition, and formalistic features and techniques in Kamalolmolk school painters, naturalist painters, miniature and national art, religious painters and coffee house, modernist painters. Although the artistic works which have been remained or the cultural history of Hamedan minimally has not been taken notice of sufficiently to be considered verbally and persistently in light of visual arts, from the works of the contemporary artists and thinkers of the city, one can discern the impression of this history on the art and culture of this city palpable and considerable.

Urban water banks, vital environmental resources, act as hubs for significant economic and social activities. Evolving urban structures promote urban regeneration, focusing on neglected areas, including waterfronts, for enhanced social and economic vitality.The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the social effects of regeneration in the coastal city of Bushehr. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is the population of Bushehr, which was determined as a sample size of 380 people based on Cochran's formula. The result showed that the results of the test showed that the indicators of social regeneration were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. In this context, two indicators, including the reduction of social damage with an average of 3.771 and the improvement of social cohesion with an average of 3.647, have had a more suitable situation in the Blue Bank of the city. In addition, the result of the test showed that the 10 investigated indicators in the field of social effects of regeneration were significant at the level of 0.000. Friendly environment index with an average of 3.892 is known as a significant social impact of regeneration. The result of Pearson's correlation shows that a significant relationship has been observed between the variable of regeneration of the city's water bank with social dimensions including democracy, sociability and satisfaction at a level of less than 0.01. The highest correlation was related to the reconstruction of the Water Bank with democracy with a coefficient of 0.164.

In urban regeneration, urban development in the sense of quantitative growth of physical elements and improving the quality of urban life will take place in the form of urban development plans. Urban regeneration plans are trying to bring back social life and economic prosperity to the fabric by using the potentials in worn-out areas and by using public participation with minimal budget. Coastal cities are one of the most productive and dynamic environmental resources and a platform for huge economic and social activities in the world. Valuable natural resources, biological diversity and the ability of huge economic activities have turned these areas into one of the most sensitive and valuable urban areas in the world. In a coastal city, the natural environment directly and indirectly affects the urban economy and consequently the quality of life in the city, and there is also a direct relationship between economic growth and the improvement of urban living standards. Urban water banks are among the most productive and dynamic. They are considered as environmental resources and a platform for huge economic and social activities. In fact, changes in the management and organization of old tissues with changes in the economic and social structure of cities have presented a new approach called regeneration in urban restoration, and the regeneration of inactive water banks has been on the agenda of urban planners for a long time. Regeneration plans seek social life and economic prosperity of different urban contexts. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the social effects of regeneration in the coastal city of Bushehr.

The research method is based on the descriptive-analytical goal and is applied and based on the method, it is quantitative. The research data is the result of a survey study in Bushehr city. The main tool of the research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was verified by experts. Its reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which reached a value above 0.70 for different parts of the questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is made up of 29,845 residents of Bushehr based on the latest official census of the country (2015). The sample size was determined to be 380 people using Cochran's formula. The sampling method in this research was random sampling, where the share of each individual in the entire statistical population was the same. For data analysis, SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests were used, as well as structural equation modeling in AMOS software.

The result of the sample t-test showed that the 6 investigated social indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the direction of significance using the average shows that all the indicators have an average value greater than the average value of the test (3) and therefore it can be concluded that the status of social regeneration indicators in the water bank of Bushehr city is favorable. The comparison of the average indices shows that the social damage reduction index has the best condition with an average of 3.771. Also, two indicators of improving social cohesion with an average of 3.647 and participation and attention to the role of people with an average of 3.642 are known in the next ranks. The lowest average was related to the spatial belongingness index with a value of 3.305.
The result of the t-test test shows that the 6 highlighted indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the direction of significance using the mean shows that all the social effects of regeneration have an average greater than the average value of the test (3) and therefore it can be concluded that the social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city are favorable. Comparison of average indicators shows that friendly environment index with an average of 3.892 is known as a significant social impact of regeneration. Also, two indicators of welcoming environment with an average of 3.805 and uniqueness index with an average of 3.686 are recognized in the second and third ranks. The lowest average was related to the public rights demand index with a value of 3.347. In general, the social effects of regeneration are significant and need to be improved.
In order to present an experimental model of the social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city, using AMOS software, first order factor analysis model related to each of the indicators (10 items) was drawn and in the continuation of the mentioned model, each of The factors have been validated. The mentioned factors (indices) have been classified into 10 main features using the exploratory factor analysis model, and the identified factors have been validated using exploratory factor analysis. The results of examining the factor loadings related to 10 indicators show that the value of the factor loadings is more than 0.3 and indicates the appropriate status of the indicators or effects in the drawn model. This model can evaluate and predict the social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city. In addition, the indicators used in the model have acceptable validity.
After examining the overall fit of the model of social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city, the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable of the research was examined. In general, it can be said that 10 social indicators including freedom of action, demand for public rights, right to change, right to property, participation, social interactions, social mixing, welcoming environment, uniqueness and friendly environment can be effective in the water bank of Bushehr city. to be Examining the role of 10 factors or social indicators of regeneration shows that the total effect value is 0.44, and in total, the social effects of regeneration can explain about 44% of the variance, role-creation and positive effects in the urban water bank.
According to the results of this model, the most impact is related to the unique impact of regeneration with an explanation of 0.90, which actually has the greatest impact on the water bank of Bushehr city. The right to change with an explanation of 0.88 and also the right to own property with an explanation of 0.77 have been recognized in the second and third ranks of the social impact of regeneration in the urban water bank. In total, the 10 social effects of regeneration that have been investigated have been or can be effective in the creation and development of the city's Water Bank.

In general, according to the results of this research, it should be concluded that the regeneration of Bushehr's urban waterfront promotes social interactions, the uniqueness of the urban public space, the creation of a friendly environment, freedom of action, the right to change, the demand for public rights in the urban space, and participation. It has been socialized. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that in line with the development of the spaces of the water bank of Bushehr city, the index of social interactions and its increase should be emphasized. It is also suggested that the public spaces in the water bank of Bushehr city with historical elements and arising from culture and environment. The area should be designed

Architecture in the Second Pahlavi period is characterized by the triangle of the western culture and civilization influence, Iranian historical heritage with starring role of pre- and post- Islamic architecture and the emergence of architecture from the heart of this period. In this period, known as the millennium of the modern architecture in Iran, architects such as Louis Kahn and Hassan Fathy set forth the historical value and experiences in the architecture of the past and as such adopting a nostalgic view toward traditional architecture, they addressed its revitalization in terms of design and implementation. In most of the contemporary buildings of Tehran not all of them, a form imitation of Iranian traditional architecture or the contemporary western one has taken place. Numerous notable examples are certainly inappropriate patches of the environment and architectural profession. It would be considered as a variable affecting Tehran public building issues and investigated during the present study. This research reviews the physical identity of the public buildings in the Second Pahlavi period. Library method was initially adopted to investigate the factors affecting the physical identity formation during the Second Pahlavi period. Then, the architectural experts and scholars were asked to complete the questionnaire encompassing the points from the library analysis which were studied in the public buildings of the Second Pahlavi period. The statistical population comprised 150 architectural scholars. Among the findings of this research are the major developments related to the Second Pahlavi period including civil projects and formation of the residential units and complexes. Pahlavi architecture is a transition period from the traditional architecture to the modern one. The modern architecture generated through the Second Pahlavi period was broadly backed by the European architecture mainstreams including the international style of Staatliches Bahaus, Le Corbusier artworks, Frank Lloyd Wright products, etc. Its outcome was Iranian modern architecture that has been called pseudomodern architecture. Given that after the rise of modernism, the regionalism approach entails the ample challenges related to interactions and confrontations of the modern architecture of the cultural- regional identities, the main research question is that which indices and concepts have been focused during the design of some works related to the mentioned period.

The purpose of this study is to explain the semantic conceptual model of "Disciplinary-Architecture" to analyze the ideas and opinions of contemporary Iranian architects in the cultural space based on environmental aesthetic reflection in the genios loci. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and has been analyzed with an inductive approach. In nature, qualitatively describes existing information and component inductive analysis in theoretical subject matter. The method of collecting information by library relying on valid documents using the logical analysis method describes and analyzes theoretical propositions. The propositions have then been extracted, categorized and analyzed from the point of view of a number of contemporary Iranian architects and the views of the field of research. From the findings he suggested that the genios loci of communication with spiritual worlds and the underlying layers of the human soul can be possible. Because intuition is one of the semantic components due to sensory diversity and plurality in simple detail while complexity, in the form of a united whole, the aesthetic concerns of users. In this way, the discovery and intuition with the ability to safely predict the exciting at the same time have an impact on the integration of shared patterns of human emotions and senses. The criteria set forth in explaining a new model of environmental aesthetics in achieving the genios loci through "intuitive-intuitive architecture" lead to "extensive understanding" in contemporary architectural artifacts.

Sustainable and green approaches in architecture are expanding due to the importance of achieving goals of reducing carbon footprint and adapting to the consequences of global warming. The design and construction of smart green buildings have been considered as an efficient model in terms of energy consumption and meeting the needs of residents. Smart green buildings use the green Internet of Things and ICT. In addition to the proper management of energy, water, and waste, they affect the health and quality of the indoor environment, while the investment cost and higher selling price may limit their development. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the feasibility of green smart building concept implementation from the project beneficiaries’ perspective in Iran, analyzing the views of residents and home buyers.

This applied research uses an analytical-descriptive method based on desk research, field studies, and questionnaires. The effective factors in the application of smart green building concepts, as the innovation of the study, have been investigated with its goals including technology, energy saving, and creating a healthy and clean environment. A questionnaire with 39 questions was designed, encompassing four dimensions comprising the benefits of smart green building, factors affecting buyers' willingness, estimation of necessary cost for construction, and factors affecting the implementation of smart green concept in construction. Then, possible effective factors in the successful implementation of green building criteria were classified into three categories: leadership and responsibility, principles and techniques, and feedback and creating public trust. The research was conducted focusing on District 1 of Tehran in the northernmost part of the city, and the resident households with the ability to purchase a green residential unit with an added value equal to 10-31% compared to normal units formed the target statistical population. In the pre-test stage, the questionnaire was distributed among 30 individuals and the sample size was obtained by analyzing the data. After collecting the data, all statistical analyzes analyses were done using SPSS software.

The results of the survey of 62 responses to the questionnaire show that among the advantages of smart green buildings, energy efficiency, material efficiency, and land efficiency are more important, respectively. Most respondents believe that green smart buildings save maintenance costs and thus reduce energy demand for lighting, heating, and air conditioning. Economic incentives are the priority of policy measures, and granting tax discounts to buyers of green housing affects buyers' willingness. Labeling buildings and paying subsidized loans and grants are in the next positions. Moreover, half of the respondents estimated the added value needed to build a house or apartment with a green rating compared with a similar normal house or apartment to be more than 30%, which is congruent with previous studies. Buyers' willingness to pay additional prices rises with increasing income and 40.3% of respondents are willing to pay more to buy a green smart building as a new house or apartment.

To increase buyers’ willingness to pay extra, it is necessary to moderate the price of green buildings. Providing suitable platforms to raise public awareness about the concept of green building can help users and consumers to make proper decisions. Currently, green building is prioritized due to its environmental effects. Nevertheless, it is necessary to consider its potential economic and human benefits, which is one of the key points for the success of green buildings in the future. The successful implementation of the smart green building program requires defining the vision and technological instructions, preparing a road map, and then prioritizing and streamlining the construction and renovation projects with the aim of sustainability.

One of the most important urban issues and concerns today is the disarray and inconsistency of urban facades. This disarray of urban facades has led to the visual clutter of today's cities on a macro level. Since visual clutter is created as a result of a disturbance in perception, explaining the effective criteria for visual clutter in the process of perception can be a way to solve this problem. With this aim, this research, based on studies of perceptual theories, has investigated the effective criteria for creating visual clutter in the perceptual process, and the path of the perceptual process that leads to visual clutter or relaxation has been determined. Then, the impact of the criteria was measured through a questionnaire and based on the Likert scale, and the effective criteria on visual clutter were ranked through SPSS software and using Friedman's test to determine their importance. The findings of the research show that the lack of coordination and connection of components, lack of readability, and increase of data are the most important, and new and unfamiliar data are the least important in creating visual clutter in the perception process.

Urban spaces are parts of the urban fabric that the general public has physical and visual access to, and it is considered a platform for human activities and establishing social interactions. Wide use of space for social activities shows the success of urban spaces. Patterns of space use, including patterns of pause and movement of users, are factors that determine the efficiency of these spaces. Considering the importance of this topic, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perceptual -behavioral patterns of users in the public spaces of Panj district of Tehran by using the method of space layout and depth map software was used to achieve this goal. For this purpose, a series of analyzes of the importance of structure and interconnection was carried out at the level of five regions, and the three components of connection, integrity, depth and the degree of their relationship were examined according to the scale of the area. According to the relatively checkerboard structure of the study area, the main thoroughfares, which have an arterial role, had the greatest potential in terms of the connecting quality of the spaces. The lowest amount was related to residential complexes in the west of the region. The highest degree of connection was related to the center of the region to the south of the region. The western and northern parts of the region had greater spatial depth. The topography of the northern regions has affected the form of the accesses and has caused the greater spatial depth of these regions compared to the southern regions of the region. Among the other results of this research, there is a relatively logical relationship between the two indicators of interlinking and index connection, and as a result, the degree of perception of these indicators (R2=0.16). That is, generally, with the increase of connection, the interconnection of the spaces of zone five increases. Therefore, the simultaneous analysis of these two indicators in the targeted spaces of Region 5 has the greatest affinity with the analysis of the qualities affecting public spaces .

Some principles have been and are in the universe from eternity; and since they are fixed and unchangeable, you should try to make them appear. One of these principles, which is considered part of this world, is the subject of "intermediateness". The current research was conducted with the aim of rereading the concept of connection in the architecture of the interspaces of (Shia) mosques built in the Safavid period of Isfahan city with a qualitative-quantitative (mixed) method. The results showed that in this research, in order to achieve true knowledge, the interspace has been considered from two perspectives; One as the quality and state of "in between", being similar in worlds such as "Purgatory" and "Imagination" or experiencing times such as "dawn and sunset" which are an introduction to the next places and an end to their previous places. An "ambiguous" experience of the boundary between visible and hidden, visible and invisible, known and unknown, as if it carries some of the properties of before and after and is considered a place to transform into its before and after situations. From another point of view, what the mystics in "Sir Vesluk" refer to as "approach" with the motive of "joiner ". According to the mystics, "abandoned man" is incomplete and his completion depends on "joiner". As Ibn Arabi "considers becoming a human being to be connected" and closeness is the same as servitude. Therefore, man is inherently a creature "on the way" and the condition of his perfection is "on the way of being" with the goal of reaching the goal; This road has an origin, a home, a direction and a destination, which can be read in architecture as well.

Construction of residential biophilic complexes is one of the new approaches to increasing the nature of friendliness of residents of residential complexes, the benefits of which will lead to better life of people. In recent years, special attention has been paid to biophilic residential architecture in the field of architecture and tries to pay more attention to the link between architecture and nature. Due to gaps in existing knowledge, abundant evidence of existing shortcomings and approaching the goal, this article reviews the research background in biophilic architecture by highlighting definitions, dimensions, indicators and solutions to identify the characteristics of residential biophilic architecture. Biophilic architecture as well as desirable intermediaries each have indices and characteristics that overlap identification of these two axes can lead to the identification of biophilic interspace characteristics. For this purpose, in the first step, we have tried to identify and categorize the variables affecting biophilic architecture by examining the latest scientific information and in the next step, by systematic review method based on four-step model by editing. This strategy of searching articles and search path was performed with the words "biophilic principles", "efficiency of interstitial spaces", "residential biophilic collections", "biophilic design", "biophilic landscape" in valid citation databases.

This research seeks to present a new model of influencing factors on formation spatial structure of middle class housing in Tehran by using the complex systems theory paradigm. Understanding of changes in spatial structure of housing due to transformations of internal and external factors at design time has provided necessary background for this research. The research has been done with a practical-developmental purpose and descriptive-analytical method. Data has been collected in a combined (qualitative and quantitative) manner. In this research, layered models have been presented by review of complex systems paradigm concepts and matching it with housing spatial structure factors. Spatial structure models consist of three main factors: design dimensions, rules and regulations and building elements. The components of rules and regulations have been identified by review of documents content and library studies, components of spatial structure design dimensions have also been expressed accordance with theoretical foundations of sustainable development and design. Importance of design dimensions has been measured by asking experts in field of housing design by using fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. Analysis show that priority and importance each of design dimensions: environmental/ climate, cultural/ social and economic/ technological are variable in each housing spatial structure. The results of research show that change of any spatial structure under influence of internal and external transformations in different locations causes change of all spatial structures. To achieve quality of residential spaces based on transformations, the model provides necessary data for planning and intelligently usage at the time of design.

The purpose of this research was to explain how to use quality performance enhancement to reflect the demands and tendencies of the people in promoting ecological security management in the city. In order to evaluate the performance of this technique, the Persian Gulf Martyrs-Lake recreation complex in Tehran was studied as an example and 10 popular demands in economic, physical, social and environmental dimensions were revealed and by implementing of the quality performance enhancement technique and 15 optimal methods for satisfaction of the maximum requirements were suggested. The results indicated that it is possible to use the expansion of quality performance in conditions of uncertainty in order to reflect the wishes and desires of the people in urban spaces. Based on the implementation of this technique in the case study, the weight of increase in the number of benches and the installation of roofed pavilions in order to create shade and seating was 3.17. Depending on the type of activity (10.64), the installation of solar lamps for lighting and ambient lighting (10.27), have the highest relative weights. This confirms the high importance of physical and health dimensions in the management of ecological security from the perspective of research samples. The novelty of this study is in using quality performance development technique in improving urban ecological security management

Increasing energy consumption in the building and the use of construction materials with the increase in the amount of construction, causes environmental degradation and excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Nature has undergone its evolutionary process over the centuries and has reached its most optimal form, structure, and constituent materials. The goal of biomimicry is to be inspired by nature to increase efficiency with the help of sustainable solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the capabilities of silica sponge for use in various building components to achieve the best possible options.

 The collection of basic information is through the library and using the articles of valid and up-to-date scientific journals and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical concepts are expressed from the descriptive method and qualitative content analysis is performed.

 The results of the research provide the possibility of inspiring siliceous sponge with special features at different levels of biomimicry for different components of the building and design and ideation of the form, structure, process, and function of the sponge in an optimal state in the direction of the bionic structure.

 By analyzing the form, function, structure, process, and how the sponge interacts with its surroundings, which has reached its optimal form and structure in interaction with its surroundings over the centuries, we can come up with an idea for sustainability and synchronization, achieved mostly with the environment, minimum energy consumption in the building and having optimal components.