دکتر محسن گل پرور

The reality of human existence underscores the impossibility of living in isolation; group activities inherently require active participation of their members (Qian, 2020). This engagement not only helps shape and sustain group identity, but also fosters an understanding among individuals of their roles within society and the broader objectives of the community. By recognizing their responsibilities, individuals commit to fulfilling them. Consequently, the concepts of participation and citizenship are inextricably linked, with participation serving as a prerequisite for citizenship (Huntjens & Kemp, 2022). Citizenship is a fundamental aspect of contemporary political and social systems (Qian, 2020). Dictionaries define citizenship as the desirable social behavior aligned with societal values aimed at nurturing responsible citizens (Al-Qatawneh et al., 2019). Over time, citizenship has evolved to represent a set of purposeful relationships among individuals, who aspire to live harmoniously, functioning as a social contract designed to enhance welfare, security, and individual conduct within society (Huntjens & Kemp, 2022). A good citizen embodies an authentic identity, demonstrates traits valued by society, feels a sense of belonging to its social and cultural milieu, and trusts that a robust legal framework safeguards his/her rights. This trust cultivates a sense of responsibility and informed participation in societal governance (Neequaye-Kotey, 2023). According to Marshall's classical theory, citizenship comprises the threecivil, political, and social dimensions (Qian, 2020). In the contemporary landscape marked by the expansion of digital and media spaces, new dimensions, such as digital and media citizenship, have emerged within modern citizenship education. The swift evolution of information and communication technologies has transformed human interactions, complicating the analysis of civic and political actions through traditional frameworks (Richardson & Milovidov, 2019). Digital citizenship presents new avenues for civic and political participation, particularly through social media and interactive technologies, while also introducing challenges related to privacy and security (Keating, 2016). Digital citizenship skills encompass the competencies essential for thriving in the online world, engaging in online learning, and ensuring online security (Mahadir et al., 2021). Digital ethics pertains to the safe, ethical, and responsible behaviors of internet users, while participation involves leveraging the internet for political, economic, social, and cultural activities (Choi et al., 2017). Rotaru (2014) argued that citizenship education and media literacy are among the most effective tools for establishing a new social contract centered on citizens' rights and responsibilities, thereby enhancing social cohesion and solidarity in the modern world. Virtual communities represent a novel form of socialization, embodying the civic norms of traditional societies. To cultivate a shared understanding of citizenship rights and responsibilities, education plays a crucial role. Citizenship education is a multidimensional concept designed to prepare the youth to embrace their roles and responsibilities as citizens. According to UNESCO, it encompasses 3 key themes: 1) educating individuals about human and citizenship rights, 2) fostering individual judgment and critical thinking, and 3) promoting a sense of individual and social responsibility (Petrekaki et al., 2021). This form of education provides opportunities for acquiring the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for effective interaction with others and active participation in political and social life (Granados-Sánchez, 2023). Citizenship is not an innate quality; individuals become citizens through both formal and informal education over time (Gisewhite, 2023). As a lifelong process, citizenship education requires ongoing engagement throughout an individual's life (Zuurmond et al., 2023). University students poised to become active citizens and professionals represent a critical target audience for citizenship education (Telešienė, 2021). The distinctions between face-to-face and virtual education coupled with the increasing demand for enhanced virtual educational experiences and standards underscore the necessity for research in this field. Face-to-face education facilitates dynamic classroom interactions and direct communication opportunities (Paul & Jefferson, 2019), whereas virtual education mandates further investigation to establish and recognize scientific standards for effective citizenship education (Halimi et al., 2022). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual training within a comprehensive citizenship education framework, focusing on media and digital citizenship behaviors among students.

 This experimental study utilized a 4-group design, comprising 2 experimental groups and 2 control groups with pre-tests, post-tests, and a 2-month follow-up. The study population included students from Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch, during the winter of 2022 and spring of 2023. Participants were purposively sampled with 100 eligible volunteers selected and randomly assigned to the four groups. Inclusion criteria required participants to be enrolled at Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch, to express willingness to participate and have no acute psychological issues. The training consisted of five 90-minute sessions delivered both face-to-face and virtually. The research instrument employed was the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire developed by Irannezhad et al. (2023), which contains 96 items. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Assumptions of normality, homogeneity of variances, and sphericity were assessed and corrective statistics, such as Greenhouse-Geisser, were applied when necessary. 

 The findings revealed that both face-to-face and virtual training significantly enhanced students' media and digital citizenship behaviors. Notable differences were observed between the experimental and control groups across several subscales, including awareness of representation, critical evaluation, participatory knowledge, digital literacy, ethics and responsibilities, and online participation. Importantly, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual training, indicating that both methods were equally effective.
This study highlighted that digital and media citizenship education, whether delivered in person or online, could foster civic behaviors in digital and media contexts. The training equipped students to better understand media representations, critically evaluate content, engage responsibly in virtual environments, and adhere to digital ethics. These results were consistent with prior research that underscored the significance of citizenship education in the digital age. However, this study was limited to students at Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch, and further research is needed to generalize the findings to other social groups. Additionally, the reliance on self-report questionnaires might have introduced bias in reporting citizenship behaviors. This study also did not examine differences based on gender, education, and economic status, which warrants further investigation. It is recommended that this study be replicated with school students, employees, and other social groups. Future research could examine gender, educational, and economic differences in the effectiveness of citizenship education.
Long-term follow-up studies are suggested to assess the sustainability of the effects of citizenship training. Additionally, combining qualitative and quantitative methods would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how citizenship education influences real-world behaviors. Educating content creators on social media can enhance civic behaviors in virtual spaces. National broadcasting programs could also promote civic engagement among diverse social groups by producing educational content. Furthermore, it is advisable to integrate digital and media citizenship education into school and university curricula.

This study aimed to evaluate the Comparing the Effectiveness of Mother-Adolescent Efficient Interaction Training Package and Emotion Regulation Training on Loneliness Feeling and Cognitive Flexibility among Female Adolescence. The research was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of girls in district 2 of Isfahan in the fall of 2021. 60 people from the said population were selected in a purposeful manner according to the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. questionnaires Dennis & Vander Wal (2010) on cognitive flexibility and e UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1980) were used in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The experimental groups received 8 sessions of effective mother-adolescent interaction and emotion regulation training, and the control group did not receive any training during this period. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that the effective mother-adolescent interaction training package and emotion regulation had a significant effect on the Loneliness Feeling and psychological flexibility in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.05). effective mother-teenager interaction has had a greater impact on psychological flexibility. Based on the findings, effective mother-adolescent interaction training and emotion regulation can be used to reduce Loneliness Feeling and improve psychological flexibility.

Domestic violence refers to violence that occurs in the private environment of the family, and generally occurs between people who are tied together by intimacy and blood or legal relationship. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema, forgiveness-oriented compassion therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on affective capital of women victims of domestic violence.

This semi -experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test with a control  group and a 45 day follow-up. The statistical population included women victims of domestic violence referring to health centers in Falavarjan in the summer of 2023, of which 60 people were selected purposively and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (15 people). The experimental groups received emotional schema therapy, compassion therapy based on forgiveness, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Data were collected using the Affective Capital (Golparvar, 2016) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, utilizing SPSS software version 23. 

The results indicated the effectiveness of all three interventions on increasing affective capital and its dimensions in women victims of domestic violence. The effects of all three treatments remained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0/01); However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment methods in this field (p<0/05).

The results of this study indicated that all three approaches, schema of emotional therapy, forgiveness-based compassion therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy significantly affected affective capital in women who are victims of domestic violence and can be utilized by therapists.

 This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Imago therapy and narrative therapy on regret about spouse selection, marital burnout, and resilience in women who have experienced domestic violence.

 This semi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included women subjected to domestic violence who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan during the fall of 2022. A total of 54 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (Imago therapy, narrative therapy, and control). The interventions were conducted in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions for the experimental groups. Data collection tools included Schwartz's Regret about Spouse Selection Scale, Pines’ Marital Burnout Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

 The results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of time and group for all three variables (p < 0.01). Additionally, the interaction effect of time and group was significant for regret about spouse selection (F = 9.59, p < 0.01), marital burnout (F = 5.61, p = 0.01), and resilience (F = 10.11, p < 0.01). Bonferroni post hoc tests indicated that Imago therapy had a greater effect compared to narrative therapy in reducing regret about spouse selection (MD = -1.10, p = 0.04) and marital burnout (MD = -3.80, p = 0.02) as well as in increasing resilience (MD = 2.90, p = 0.03).

 Imago therapy and narrative therapy are effective interventions for improving relationship quality and enhancing resilience in women affected by domestic violence. However, Imago therapy demonstrated superior efficacy compared to narrative therapy. Incorporating these approaches into counseling programs can provide practical solutions for addressing marital and psychological challenges in this population.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality- -oriented schema therapy on regret of choosing a spouse and marital burnout in victim women of domestic violence with cultural emphasis. The statistical population included all the victimized women of domestic violence in Isfahan city during Autumn of 2022. The sample consisted of 30 female victims of violence, who were selected by purposive sampling procedure and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects each group). The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with control group. The experimental group was exposed to spirituality- -oriented schema therapy for 10 sessions, 90 minutes each. The control group received none. Research data were collected via implementing the Schwartz's (2002) Regret of Choosing a Spouse Questionnaire and Pines' (1996) Marital Burnout Scale in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up and were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that spirituality-oriented schema therapy significantly reduced the regret of choosing a spouse and marital boredom in victim women of domestic violence. The findings also indicated that spirituality-oriented schema therapy was significantly effective on the regret of choosing a spouse and marital burnout in women who were the victims of domestic violence with cultural emphasis. Therefore, the research suggested that this therapy could be applied to help victim women of domestic violence.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotional-based and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on triangulation and family communication boundaries of women with symptoms of sexual dysfunction.

The research method was semi-experimental, and its design included three groups of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included married women suffering from sexual dysfunction who were referred to family counseling centers in Isfahan City along with their husbands in the first half of 2021. From the aforementioned statistical population, 54 people were selected based on the entry and exit criteria by purposeful sampling. They were assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (18 people in each group).  A pre-test was conducted by administering research questionnaires, including Yousefi and Bahrami's triangulation scale (2014) and the family communication boundaries questionnaire developed by Kiani Chalmardani et al. (2014). In the next phase, the first experimental group underwent eight sessions of emotion-oriented couples therapy every week for two months. Similarly, the second experimental group engaged in 8 sessions of cognitive behavioral couples therapy every week for 90 minutes per session. Meanwhile, the control group was placed on a waiting list and did not receive any treatment during this period. After completing the therapy sessions two months later, all three research groups were reassessed for evaluation. Data analysis was done using repeated measurement variance analysis with the help of SPSS version 26 software.

The results showed that both emotion-based couples therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy interventions have similar, positive, and lasting effects on the triangulation and communication boundaries of women with symptoms of sexual dysfunction (P<0.05).

Based on the results obtained from the research, it can be said that emotional couple therapy and cognitive behavioral couple therapy are effective in improving the triangulation and communication boundaries of women with sexual dysfunction.

Marital conflicts can confront couples with psychological problems and put them on the verge of divorce, so this research is to investigate effectiveness of narrative-based acceptance and commitment therapy and its comparison with acceptance and commitment therapy on uncertainty, negative emotions of women on the verge of divorce in Isfahan.

This is a semi-experimental research of pre- post test, experimental and control group with 2 month follow-up among judicial divorce clients. 45 people were selected by Purposive sampling and assigned to three experimental and control groups. First group had narrative-based acceptance and commitment therapy package during 8 sessions of 75 minutes, second group had Hayes(2008) treatment and control group had nothing. Research tools of pre, post and follow-up stages included Fristen's uncertainty intolerance questionnaire(1994), Watson's positive and negative affect(1988).

Both treatments had a significant effect on the intolerance of uncertainty and negative emotions of women on the verge of divorce in the post-test and follow-up stages, but the narrative-based acceptance and commitment treatment method was more effective in improving negative emotions in the follow-up stage.

Therefore, these two treatment methods can be used to improve the psychological variables of women on the verge of divorce.

Bereaved children may experience behavioral and emotional deficits. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of "Drama Therapy" with "Narrative Therapy" on separation anxiety and anger in 5-10-year-old bereaved children.

The current research method was of a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the present study included all bereaved children referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Isfahan city in 2020. 60 boys and girls aged 5 to 10 with bereavement were selected based on purposeful sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to the "Drama Therapy" group (20 children), "Narrative Therapy" group (20 children) and the control group (20 children) by lottery. Research data collection was done with demographic questionnaires, "Separation Anxiety Questionnaire” and “Anger Questionnaire”. Content validity was done by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Then, 2 intervention groups were treated with 10 sessions of 75 minutes (1 session per week).  Also, offline educational content was presented to the control group after conducting the research. After the completion of the intervention, a post-test and follow-up was conducted 3 months later. Questionnaires of all three stages were completed by living parents or guardians or nurses of bereaved children. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 27.

There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the 2 variables of separation anxiety and anger in the post-test and follow-up stages. Therefore, the interventions were effective in reducing separation anxiety and anger in bereaved children (P<0.05). The comparison of groups showed that 2 methods "Drama Therapy" and "Narrative Therapy" have a significant effect on separation anxiety and anger (P<0.05).

"Drama Therapy" and "Narrative Therapy" reduced separation anxiety and anger in bereaved children. But "Drama Therapy" was more effective. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the above interventions to help reduce separation anxiety and anger in bereaved children.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach of adolescent-centered mindfulness (ACM) and integral deep listening (IDL) on the academic vitality of students with anxiety disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test &follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students with anxiety disorder in the first secondary school of the 6th education district of Isfahan in the academic year of 2022-2023. For this aim, 1400 students in Isfahan were screened using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method by implementing the anxiety questionnaire of Beck et al. Two experimental groups and one control group were replaced. Individuals in the experimental groups participated in parallel sessions of ACM and IDL, but there was no intervention for the control group. The measuring tool included Martin and Marsh's academic vitality questionnaire (2008). In data analysis, mixed analysis of variance test and Bonferroni correction test were used in SPSS-24. The results showed that both treatment methods, ACM and IDL, were effective on the academic vitality of students with anxiety disorders. Also, to compare the effectiveness of the two treatment approaches, ACM has a stronger effect on increasing academic vitality than other treatments for students with anxiety disorders and the effects of the intervention have remained constant over time. According to the results of the present research, it is possible to suggest the use of these two therapeutic approaches to counselors to increase the academic vitality of students with anxiety disorders.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual education of the comprehensive package of citizenship education on the political, civic, and social behaviors of students. The experimental method was with a four-group design, including two experimental and control groups (face-to-face and virtual) and with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up design. Among the students of Isfahan city in the winter of 1401 and spring of 1402, 25 people were selected for each group and randomly replaced in 4 groups. Citizenship education was conducted in 5 sessions of 90 minutes in person for one group and virtual for another group. The data were analyzed with the help of variance analysis of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software version 26. The findings of this research showed that face-to-face and virtual education was effective on students' political, civic, and social behaviors and increased these behaviors. There was only a significant difference between the behavioral outcomes of face-to-face and virtual education of political and civil citizenship (p<0.01 or p<0.05). In other dimensions, there was no significant difference between the consequences of the behaviors resulting from the two educational methods.

Approximately one-third of adolescents who have suicidal ideation, plan to commit suicide in teenage years. The aim of the current research was the comparison of the effectiveness of existential therapy and rational-emotive behavior therapy on meaning of life and anger management of high school male students with suicidal ideation. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical society included all male high school students with suicidal thoughts during the 2022-2023 academic year in the city of Izeh. Among them, 45 individuals were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, taking into account the criteria for entering the research. They were then randomly assigned to three groups: the existential therapy group, the rational-emotive behavioral therapy group, and the control group (each group consisting of 15 individuals). Research tools included the Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (Beck, 1979), the Meaning of Life Scale (Stiger et al., 2006) and the Spielberger's State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (1999). The participants attended existential therapy (10sessions) and rational-emotive behavior therapy (8 sessions) in parallel and simultaneously. Research data were analyzed through multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni Post Hoc test in SPSS software 26 version. The results showed that existential therapy and rational-emotional behavioral therapy were affected on the meaning of life and anger management (p≤0.01). And they indicated the stability of the interventions in the follow-up stage on the scores of the meaning of life and anger management. The results of Bonferroni's Post Hoc test showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of both treatments (p>0.05). Furthermore, the results of this research support the positive effect of educational interventions on the meaning of life and anger management of adolescents with suicidal ideations.

Adolescent girls faced with affective breakdown have an urgent need to overcome their problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of imago therapy package for affective breakdown and cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and negative affects among adolescent girl.
 
This research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population was adolescent girl who faced affective breakdown in the winter of 2022 in Isfahan, Iran. From them, 48 preschool adolescent girl were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental groups and a control group (16 adolescent girl for each group). Spitzer’s et al anxiety questionnaire (2006) and Watson & Clark’s negative affect scale (1992) was used to assess dependent variables in three stages. Two treatment groups were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and post-hoc Bonferroni test  by SPSS version 26
 
The results showed that there was a significant difference between imago therapy package for affective breakdown and cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety and negative affect with the control group (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of two treatment groups (p>0.05).
 
Considering the effectiveness of imago therapy for affective breakdown and cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing anxiety and negative affect, it is suggested that these two treatments be used for girls who face affective breakdown in psychological treatment centers for adolescents.

In the last decade, violence against women has been mentioned as one of the most serious social challenges. The painful phenomenon of violence against women in its various dimensions endangers the physical and mental health of women and violates their human rights. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema on hidden anger and self-expression of women victims of domestic violence.

Methods and Materials:

 The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of women victims of domestic violence referred to the health centers of Flowerjan city in the summer of 2023. The statistical sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by Targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group underwent emotional schema therapy for ten 90-minute sessions and the control group remained on the waiting list. A number of 30 people were assigned to the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group) by the Purposive sampling method and by random assignment. The experimental group received emotional schema therapy during 11 sessions. While the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using the latent communicative anger questionnaire (Nelson and Carroll, 2006) and self-expression (Gambrill and Ritchie, 1970) and were analyzed using repeated measures variance analysis in SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that the emotional therapy scheme led to the reduction of hidden anger and improvement of self-expression in women victims of domestic violence, and the effects of the treatment remained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0.01).

Therefore, by using the findings of the present study, emotional schema therapy can be used to improve the hidden anger and self-expression of women victims of domestic violence.

Intimate partner abuse is a significant public health issue that is associated with some negative emotional responses (such as self-blame and shame), as well as mental health outcomes (such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and suicidality). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based schema therapy, spiritual therapy, and emotion-focused therapy on resilience and self-esteem in women who are victims of domestic violence.

The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women who referred to the legal medicine of Isfahan city in 2022 and had a medical record of domestic violence, and 60 of them were selected as the target sample through purposive sampling. After selecting the eligible samples and randomly assigning them to experimental and control groups (each group comprising 15 individuals), the experimental groups received forgiveness-based therapy, spiritual therapy, and emotion-focused therapy, while the control group was placed on the waiting list for treatment. To collect data, the Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Questionnaire (2002), and Neff Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003) were used. The data was analyzed using repeated measurement analysis.

The results showed that all three therapeutic interventions, forgiveness-based schema therapy, spiritual therapy, and emotion-focused therapy, were effective in increasing self-compassion in women who are victims of domestic violence, and this effect continued over time. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness and sustainability of forgiveness-based schema therapy, spiritual therapy, and emotion-focused therapies in improving self-compassion in married women who are victims of domestic violence.

These therapeutic methods can be used to improve the mental health of married women who are victims of domestic violence and their use is recommended by counselors and psychologists.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for improving catastrophizing and rejection perception among women affected husband infidelity. An experimental design was employed in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The participants were 51 women who had experienced husband infidelity.  They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The catastrophizing and rejection perception scales were used to collect data. The two groups received existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy, in 10 sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that the women who underwent treatment based on existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had significantly less catastrophizing and rejection perception than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two therapy groups. Both existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had good efficacy in reducing catastrophizing and rejection perception in women affected by their husbands' infidelity. Based on the findings, the existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy are suitable options for treating women who have experienced their husband's infidelity.

Breaking the marital contract is one of the most traumatic issues that women face and it can lead to cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in them. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of "Existential Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" with "Compassion-Based Therapy" on self-differentiation and life expectancy in women affected by husband's breach of contract.

The present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test, follow-up and control group design. The statistical population of the present study were women affected by the breach of contract by their husbands who referred to counseling and screening centers in Isfahan city in the Spring of 2023, of which 51 were randomly assigned to the first and second intervention groups and the control group (17 in each group). Research tools included: demographic questionnaire, "Self of Differentiation Inventory" and "Life Expectancy Questionnaire". Content validity was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The participants of the "Existential Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" group and the "Compassion-Based Therapy" group were treated during 10 sessions 90-minute. The control group received the treatment after the completion of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 22.

The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that "Existential Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and "Compassion-Based Therapy" were effective in increasing self-differentiation and life expectancy in women affected by husband's breach of contract (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the effect of two treatment methods on self-differentiation and hope for the future (P<0.01).

"Existential Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and "Compassion-Based Therapy " have been effective in increasing self-differentiation and life expectancy in women affected by husband's breach of contract. Therefore, it is suggested to therapists, marriage and family counselors that the above treatment methods are used to reduce the conflicts of women who are affected by their spouse's breach of contract.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of time perspective therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on academic motivation, academic engagement, academic procrastination, and academic persistence in flood-affected secondary school students with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The research design was a quasi-experimental extended study with a pretest-posttest and control group, along with follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all first-year secondary school students in the 2020-2021 academic year from the regions of Bavi, Karun, Hamidiyeh, and Shavur in Khuzestan province. After initial screening and obtaining consent from parents and students, 60 participants were selected. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: 20 in the cognitive-behavioral interventions group, 20 in the time perspective therapy group, and 20 in the control group. The Mississippi PTSD Scale, Academic Motivation Questionnaire, Short Form of the Flow Scale by Martin and Jackson, Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, and Academic Persistence Scale were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software through multivariate and univariate covariance analysis. The findings indicated that the hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of time perspective therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on academic motivation, academic engagement, academic procrastination, and academic persistence were confirmed. However, the hypotheses comparing the effectiveness of these two therapies on the dependent variables were not supported. Therefore, the implementation of time perspective therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy is recommended for the dependent variables of the study as well as for other academic issues faced by male and female students at various educational levels.

Beyond the cultural, social and regional borders, violence against women has been mentioned as the most serious social challenges in the last decade. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema, forgiveness-oriented compassion therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy for the feeling of loneliness and self-acceptance of women victims of domestic violence.

It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with a control group. In the statistical research community, there were women victims of domestic violence who referred to the health centers of Falavarjan city in the summer of 1402.The number of 60 people was selected in a available method and through random assignment, they were assigned to three experimental groups and one control group(15people in each group).The experimental groups received the mentioned interventions. The data were collected using the Loneliness-Social-Emotional Questionnaire of adults(DiTomaso,Brannen and Bess,2004) and self-acceptance (Chamberlain and Haga,2003) and were analyzed using repeated measures variance analysis in SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that all three interventions were effective in reducing feelings of loneliness and self-acceptance in women victims of domestic violence, and the effects of all three treatments remained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0.01); However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment methods in this field (p<0.05).

According to the obtained results, the mentioned interventions can be used to improve women's feeling of loneliness and self-acceptance in women who are victims of domestic violence.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mother-adolescent efficient interaction packages and emotion regulation training on the affective capital of girls with externalizing behavior problems. The research was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of girls with Behavioral Externalizing problems in Isfahan in the fall of 2022. Among them, 60 people were selected based on purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental group of mother-adolescent efficient interaction received a training package for 8 sessions, and the experimental group received the emotional regulation training package for 8 sessions. Emotional Capital Questionnaire (ACS, Golperor, 2015) was used to collect data. Data analysis was done with the statistical variance analysis method with repeated measurements. The findings indicated a significant difference was observed in the affective capital of girls variable between the mother-adolescent efficient interaction group with the emotion regulation and the control groups in the post-test and follow-up phases (p<0.01). Also, there was no significant difference between the emotion regulation and control groups (p<0.05). Therefore, Based on the findings, the effective mother-adolescent interaction training package can be effective for improving the Affective capital of girls with externalizing behavioral problems.

Childhood is one of the most basic periods of life. Meanwhile, the pre-primary period is considered the key years for children's mental and physical development. Education of parents, especially mothers of children under the age of six, has recently attracted the attention of planners in the field of children due to the positive changes it creates in children. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the psychological empowerment of mothers on children's social skills and mother's empathy.

This semi-interventional study, pre-test-post-test and two-month follow-up, was conducted with the participation of thirty mothers with children aged 4 to 6 years in Isfahan city in 2021. The participants were selected in the available way and randomly replaced in two equal intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the mother's psychological empowerment package for 10 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The participants of both groups completed the questionnaires of Mattson's Child's social skills and Davis's mother's empathy before and after intervention and two months later as a follow-up. Data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The mean (SD) score of the child’s social skills in the pre-test was 190.8 (22.4), which increased to 210.0 (12.9) in the post-test and 204.1 (14.3) in the follow-up (P<0.001). The mean (SD) score of the mother's empathy in the pre-test was 46.9 (8.5), which increased to 54.0 (7.9) in the post-test and 55.7 (7.2) in the follow-up (P<0.001). No significant change was observed in the control group.

The study showed that teaching psychological empowerment packages to mothers with children aged 4 to 6 years increased the child’s social skills and mother's empathy.

Self-worth is considered as an index of psychological adjustment and proper social functioning. The aim of this research was the effectiveness of self-worth treatment package on rumination and self-criticism of depressed women. The statistical population of the research included all depressed women aged 18 to 50 in Yazd. The sample consisted of 30 women with depression who were selected as available and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups, where 15 people were considered for each of the two research groups. Research tools were rumination questionnaire of Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and self-criticism questionnaire of Thomson and Zorav (2004). The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of self-worth therapeutic intervention. However, patients in the control group did not receive any therapeutic intervention. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance was used using SPSS23 statistical software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the average scores of rumination in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages, as well as between the average scores of self-criticism in the pre-test, post-test and There is also a significant difference in the follow-up phase. The self-worth treatment package with variables such as self-compassion, self-awareness for depressed people works like physical therapy of the mind, that is, by stimulating the soothing system, it provides the basis for its transformation, and with the transformation of this system, resilience against It increases depression and can reduce rumination and self-criticism in depressed women.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion-based mindfulness package with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy package on emotional eating in overweight women. The current research was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design along with a follow-up period. Among the overweight women in Isfahan who referred to weight control and weight loss centers and offices in 2019, 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the research groups. The research tool was the Van Strien et al Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (1986). Each of the self-compassion-based mindfulness groups by Haji Rostam (2019) and the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group Based on the approach of Teasdale et al (1995) underwent eight treatment sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and using variance analysis method with repeated measurements. The findings showed that the mindfulness package based on self-compassion and the cognitive therapy package based on mindfulness on the desire to eat (F = 7.15, P = 0.001) and eating behavior (F = 5.74, P = 0.002) have had a lasting positive effect on overweight women. In this way, in order to improve the desire to eat and eating behavior in overweight women, the mindfulness package based on self-compassion and the cognitive therapy package based on mindfulness can be used.

Vaginismus disorder is the second most common sexual dysfunction in women. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy that specifically deals with the symptoms and psychological problems caused by it will be the way forward. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of the effectiveness of vaginismus-specific schema therapy on the fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder.

This research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. In the winter of the year 2022, a statistical society of women with vaginismus symptoms referred to the midwifery clinic and women's hospital of Piambaran in Tehran. Among them, 45 individuals were purposefully selected and divided into three groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Descutner & Thelen (1991) fear of intimacy questionnaire was used to measure the dependent variable. Two experiment groups were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analysed using variance analysis of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post-hoc test in SPSS software-22.

Both vaginismus-specific schema therapy and common schema therapy affected reducing the perceived fear of intimacy in women with vaginismus disorder compared to the control group (p<0.001). According to the comparison of the difference between the averages of the two intervention groups and the control group, the vaginismus-specific schema therapy had a greater effect on the improvement of the fear of intimacy than the common schema therapy (p<0.001).

The results of the research showed that the new schema therapy package for vaginismus can reduce the fear of intimacy among women with vaginismus by identifying their problems.

Academic buoyancy is an important variable for high school students succession. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training on academic buoyancy of high school female students.

The study method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group with two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research includes female high school students in Jiroft province during Fall of year 2021. In the first stage, 48 female high school students were selected as the statistical sample of the study based on the convenience sampling method, and in the next stage, they were divided into three groups through a simple random sampling method (16 students in each group). For data collection, Hosseinchari & Dehghanizadeh 's academic buoyancy (2012) were completed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow up. Cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training was performed in 8 sessions (one session per week) for 90 minutes. To analyze the data, repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test was used by SPSS.26.

The results of the research indicated that there was a significant difference between cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training with control group in academic buoyancy (p<0/001, F=26.11). There is no significant difference between cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training in academic buoyancy.

It can be concluded that, cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training were effective in increasing the academic buoyancy, therefor these training can be used for high school female students.