دکتروحید نصیری

Mapping forest types is essential for sustainable management, however, field methods are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, Modern remote sensing, especially hyperspectral imagery like PRISMA with 243 spectral bands, is valuable for mapping Hyrcanian mixed forests. However, its accuracy and capabilities must be assessed. In this study, the capability of PRISMA data was assessed using SVM, SAM, and RF classification approaches to create forest type maps for the Gorazbon district of Kheyrud Forest. A ground truth map consisting of 131 field sample plots, each measuring 45 × 45 m, was generated using Kuchler's abundance method based on the 100 trees with the largest diameters. Five forest types were identified: pure beech, mixed-beech, beech-hornbeam, hornbeam-beech, and mixed hornbeam. Geometric correction, smoothing and noise filtering was applied, then, Illumination correction was performed. Anomalies were detected using the RX algorithm. The minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation and pixel purity index (PPI) were applied to the remaining 103 spectral bands and then used in the classification process. Additionally, indices such as NDVI, ReNDVI, MTCI, NDIred, and RTVI were incorporated into the classification process. The results showed that the SVM and RF algorithms achieved overall accuracies of 53.09% and 43.19%, with kappa coefficients of 0.38 and 0.25, respectively. The best combination of input data was derived from the spectral bands obtained through the MNF transformation. Based on the findings, high noise in PRISMA imagery and the similar spectral behavior of forest types in this region hindered the species discrimination and classification performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of safety management practices on perceived risk and job insecurity among the firefighters of the city of Mohammadiye and Mehregan city. The research method used is a descriptive survey type and in terms of the purpose of an applied research and to collect information in this research, the results and materials of library and internet research and also to collect data, a questionnaire was used as the main tool. Standard questionnaires are used to collect information. The statistical population of the current research includes the fire department employees of Mohammadiye city and Mehrgan city district, the number of operational and administrative employees in total is 40 people, and the sampling method was used. Data analysis was done using Spss22 and Smart PLS3 software, and the results show that workplace safety management practices play an important role in reducing the perceived risk and job insecurity of firefighting employees.

The current study was conducted with the aim of finding out the role of job insecurity on job conflict and safety compliance among the fire department employees of Mohammadiyeh city and Mehrgan urban area. The research method used is a descriptive survey type and in terms of the purpose of an applied research and to collect information in this research, the results and materials of library and internet research and also to collect data, a questionnaire was used as the main tool. Standard questionnaires are used to collect information. The statistical population of this research includes the fire department employees of Mohammadiye city and Mehrgan city district, the number of operational and administrative employees is 40 people in total, and the census method was used for sampling. Data analysis was done using Spss22 and Smart PLS3 software and the results show that there is a significant relationship between job insecurity and job conflict and safety compliance.

Following the rapid economic and social development in recent decades, human activity to use natural resources has been reflected in the form of infrastructure and agricultural activities. This has severely affected forests as an important ecosystem which are considered potential environmental resources for future evolution. The purpose of this study is to detect changes of Guilan province forest levels during a period of 20 years (1996-2016), also modeling and predict these changes for the next 15 years using the geomod model. Landsat TM and OLI sensor images were used to prepare land use maps for 1996, 2006, and 2016 periods. Satellite images were classified into forest and non-forest classes using the maximum likelihood method and multiple educational samples. The geomod model was simulated based on the changes made in the period 1996-2006, changes in forest cover using the variables of height, slope, direction, distance from residential, distance from a road, distance from forest, with implementation for 2016. The predicted validation results of the forest cover map in 2016 is indicator the overall accuracy and value of the kappa index equal to 94.19% and 0.9159, respectively. Based on the results of detecting changes during the study period (1996-2016), 1054.97 hectares of forest area in Guilan province has been reduced and with the continuation of this trend and stable conditions in the next 15 years until 2031, another 871 hectares will be reduced from its level. Given the importance role of Hyrcanian forests, it is necessary to conduct multi-time studies to monitor and detect changes. Obviously, the information from such studies can be used in managerial and strategic planning.

In this study, the ITS-1 region of ribosomal RNA genes of six bovine Eimeria species: E. alabamensis, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis and E. zuernii analysed by PCR and the results of molecular methods analysed to find any relationship between presence of parasites and diarretic status. Studies were conducted in calves aged less than 3 months for a period of 2 years. During the study period, 160 dung samples were collected from neonatal calves and examined first microscopically and then by molecular techniques. Stools were analyzed for the presence of Eimeria Spp. oocysts by Sheather's Sugar Flotation Solution method. DNA was extracted and PCR were done to identify six cattle-adapted specie (E.alabamensis, E.auburnensis, E.bovis, E.cylindrica, E.ellipsoidalis and E.zuernii). Eimeria spp. infection was detected in 15 (9.37%) of 160 calves without a history of diarrhea infection and pathogenic Eimeria spp. was asymptomatic in all animals that was not positively related to the diarrheic status of the calves (P>0.05). According to microscopic analsis 6 species (E.alabamensis, E.auburnensis, E.bovis, E.canadensis, E.ellipsoidalis, and E. zuernii) identified and with molecular technique 3 species (E.auburnensis, E.bovis, E. zuernii) were detected. Different risk factors were considered to affect the rate of infection of calves with this protozoan parasite. For controlling disease, Immune status of the calves should be improved by providing sufficient amount of colostrum within the first 24 hours after birth and good hygiene as well as reducing and monitoring stress levels caused by weaning, a change in feed and overcrowding.

Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species based on morphological characteristics is very limited and has no taxonomic value alone, and therefore the use of molecular methods removes these limitations to some extent.

The aim of this study was to determine the predominant Cryptosporidium genotypes in calves with diarrhea.

Study were conducted in calves aged less than 3 months for a period of 2 years. During the study period, 160 dung samples were collected from neonatal calves and examined first microscopically and then by molecular techniques. Stools were analyzed for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by Sheather's Sugar Flotation Solution followed by Ziel-Neelsen staining method. DNA of parasite was extracted and multiplex nested-PCR protocol basis on the 18srRNA were done to identify three cattle-adapted species (C. andersoni, C. bovis and C. ryanae) plus the zoonotic species C. parvum.

110 fecal samples were collected from livestock in Alborz province and 50 fecal samples were collected from livestock in Shahroud city. Of the 160 animals examined, 90 were female and 70 were male. In total, out of 160 animals examined, 85 cases (53.12%) had diarrhea, of which 55 cases (34.37%) were positive using Ziel-Neelsen staining. Since all positive cases were related to diarrhea samples and related to calves under one month old, a significant relationship was observed between diarrhea status and the presence of this parasite (p < /em><0.05). In terms of seasonal distribution, no difference was observed in the rate of diarrhea and positive parasitic cases. The presence of 305 bp band in all Ziel-Neelsen positive samples confirmed the presence of C. parvum in all samples.

Neonatal calves are more likely to be infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, as confirmed by the present study.

The disturbance, is the result of the landscape conversion into smaller pieces with less communication, which in turn leads to decrease the ecosystem stability. The aim of this study is to introduce a new method for quantifying the spatial disturbances of forested areas, which is the main land-cover class of Arasbaran Protected Area, using the landscape metrics over a period of time. To do so, the Landsat satellite imagery were used to generate the land-cover maps of corresponding years (i.e. 1990 and 2014). The metric graph analyses were applied to determine the optimal size of the zones for ten random points in the land-cover map of 2014. Optimal size was determined by plotting the curve results for different areas. Different metrics, i.e. shape, size, number, density, distribution, and contiguous metrics were calculated to quantify the landscape components. To standardize the metric values the standard deviation method was applied. PCA analysis to group the effective metrics on disturbance based on their eigenvalues. Then, the disturbance maps were generated for each time, based on the loading value of each metric. According to the results in both periods, the highest disturbance (high disturbance class) was observed around residential and agricultural areas, and the least disturbance was occurred in mountainous and inaccessible areas, that mostly covered by continuous and dense forests. The results showed that the disturbance rate was increased in 2014 and the land-cover change from forest to grassland has the highest contribution in the increasing disturbance rate with an area of 170.24 hectares. The presented method can also be used in the assessment, planning and management of other specific ecological zones.

Orthphoto mosaic, and digital elevation models (DEMs) that created from UAV imagery can be used to delineate tree crowns. The goal of this research is to compare two segmentation techniques in the estimation of crown diameter. In this regard, two successful flights were carried out in two different seasons (leaf-off and leaf-on). Then we generated accurate CHM through a photogrammetric workflow using DTM and DSM. We used invert watershed (IWS) and multiresolution segmentation (MRS) to detect tree crowns on CHM and orthophoto mosaic, respectively. To compare the estimates of mean crown diameter from UAV images with actual values, 95 trees were measured. The results of comparing the estimated and field measured values showed that all two algorithms effectively delineate tree crowns. The results of linear regression showed there is a high agreement between estimated and measured values, which were (R2=0.88) for MRS and (R2=0.92) for IWS. The best result was obtained using IWS techniques (RMSE= 7.02 % and MAE = 5.97 %). T-test results showed that there are no significant differences between the field measurement and IWS estimated values. Although the t-test result showed there are significant differences between the means of MRS estimated and measured crown diameters, but based on RMSE (8.74 %) and MAE (8.11 %) of the MRS technique, the error of crown diameter estimation was small and therefore acceptable. Finally, the results showed that this methodology, as an accurate and low-cost process, could be used to estimate mean tree crown diameter.

Crytosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the cryptosporidium protozoan in the vertebrate animal. This parasite in livestock special ruminants causes diarrhea syndromes in infants. The main sources of the parasite spread are infectious feces and the host mouth. The purpose of this project was to isolate and identify the cryptosporidium species by morphological indices in diarrheic calves in order to detect and control the disease. According to the method of Casemore et al., purification of oocysts from feces using flotation technique was carried out. Staining with modified Zeil nelson method (Henrisksen method) and identification with diagnostic keys was done. Cryptosporidium parvum alone causes clinical disease in young calves; the latent infection time is 3 to 6 days. Cryptosporidium muris, C. Andersoni and C. ryanae have been reported in weaned calves, and C. Andersoni has been also observed in adult cattle. The total of 150 cattle fecal samples were randomly collected from Alborz province. 60 out of 150 (40%) calf diarrhea positive samples were detected by modified Zeil nelson method staining. In all fecal samples from calves without diarrhea, the oocyst was not observed. In calves below one month, especially in the first two weeks, 40% of the diarrheic samples were infected. This protozoon is a zoonotic and opportunistic parasite and, in Iran, it has been reported from various species like poultry, cattle, sheep and goats and it may cause significant economic losses which need much more attentions.

Canine Leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum is a major global zoonosis, potentially fatal to humans and dogs.Blood samples were taken and collected from cephalic or saphenous vein from 85 stray dogs of different ages, breeds, and both genders that were registered in the Karaj municipality's dog camping and 60 stray dogs that were registered in the Kohsar district. After separation of blood sera, anti-Leishmanial antibodies were detected by direct agglutination test (DAT). Out of 85 stray dogs samples from the Karaj municipality's dog camping, 38(44.7%) were males and 47(55.3%) were females and out of these, 4(4.7%) of them were positive for visceral Leishmaniasis that three of them were male and one was female. All of the seropositive dogs were symptomatic. Out of 60 stray dogs samples from the kohsar district, 14(23.3%) of them were positive for visceral Leishmaniasis that 6(10%) of positine cases were males and 8(13.3%) were females .Among the seropositive dogs in this regions, 4(6.6%) cases were asymptomatic and 10(16.66%) cases were symptomatic. there was not any significant difference between season of sample collection .Visceral Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease; therefore, the need for continuous surveillances on the prevalence of it in our communities is an essential work as a control strategy. There is a need for more additionalserological and molecular studies for exact determination of the presence of these parasites.

Livelihood of rural people depends on the use of land and the exploitation of natural resources and forest. Therefore, their activities can have significant effects on these resources. The magnitude of these effects and changes in the level of the forest are affected by the development level of the villages. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the development level of forest villages and the extent of forest degradation in the Arasbaran region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and library method is used to collect the research data. The data were collected and analyzed in two sections: determining the degree of development of villages and preparing the forest area changes. At first, the studied villages were classified in terms of degree of development based on socioeconomic, health education and infrastructural indicators in five developmental categories with Morris incoherent coefficients. In the next step, Landsat satellite images were used to determine the level of forest changes. Correlation coefficient was calculated between the amount of forest degradation in each village with variables such as rural development index, opportunity cost, altitude and population size. The results showed that from 15 villages, five villages were classified as developed villages and one village was classified as non-developed or deprived villages. Between 2007-2017, the forest area of Arzin, Kelaleh Ulya, Kharil and Ibrahim Biglou villages showed an increase about 74.58, 56.41, 55.55 and 48.51 hectares, respectively. Based on the results, the mean of forest area changes at the 1997-2007 and 2007-2017 was -6.08 and -32.5 ha, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the changes of the first period and the second period with a confidence of 99%. The correlation coefficient showed that the rural development index and the village population had positive correlation with the forest degradation. In contrast, the cost of opportunity in each village and altitude the height of the sea level had a weak correlation with the rate of forest degradation in each village.

Detecting land use, land cover changes and recognizing effective factors is necessary to prevent land use changes and better management. The aim of this study was detecting changes of Arasbaran forest cover in two periods of 12 years, modeling and predicting forest cover destruction in this region. At first, the multi temporal Landsat 5 images in 1990, ETM+ Landsat 7 in 2002 and OLI Landsat 8 in 2014 were provided and were classified in two categories including high dense forest, low dense forest. Forest changes were detected in three periods, 1990-2002, 2002-2014, and 1990-2014, also changes in forest cover were estimated in different classes of variables influencing changes. Forest area changes in the study period were modeled by logistic regression models and Geomod. In order to compare the performance of these two models in predicting land uses status by preparing maps in 2014 and validating by real map of that year. Results showed that in the period of 24 years, 992 and 1592 hectares of high and low dense forests were degraded during 1990-2014, respectively. The results of decreasing forest cover modeling showed that variables such as distances from roads and residential, elevation and slope has a direct relation with forest degradation. However, there is an inverse relation between forest degradation and distance from forest variables. The validation result of forest cover maps which is predicted in 2014 show total accuracy and kappa coefficient is 96.8 and 0.9342, for logistic regression map and 96.4 and 0.9269 for Geomod map respectively. These results indicated that model had a good performance in predicting of land use changes. Finally, using the logistic regression and Geomod, forest cover changes predicted for 2025. The result of predicting showed that the forest cover will degradeted 3.9% in the next 10 years.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic and common diseases in many parts of our country. The use of pentavalent antimony compounds as first-line drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis have several limitations and side effects. Hence the herbal drug can be good alternatives. In the present study, the effect of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica Desf. on the growth of Leishmania major was investigated in in vivo and in vitro conditions. Initially, the essential oil of Pistacia atlantica with dilution of 1:50 to 1:3200 was evaluated on the promastigotes of Leishmania major, non-infected macrophages, and infected macrophages with amastigotes, in in vitro with MTT and flow cytometry tests. Also, the IC50 of the essential oil on the promastigotes of the Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) was calculated. The ointment of Pistacia atlantica essential oil was used for treatment in in vivo condition. BALB /c mice were divided into three groups and in each group five mice including treated group with ointment of essential, treated group with glucantime and non-treated control group. The treatment was performed daily and once a day for four weeks. To assess the effect of the drugs, the wound diameter and weight and the mortality rate of the mice were measured every week. The ointment of Pistacia atlantica essential oil could inhibit the wounds diameter caused by Leishmania major. The flow cytometry results showed that Pistacia atlantica essential oil could create 10% apoptosis in the treated promastigotes. Overall, Pistacia atlantica essential oil was effective in eliminating the amastigotes of Leishmania major in the macrophages and culture media, and also the survival rate differences of treated mice and control group were significant.

Getting informed about of land uses patterns and knowing the changes of each land use, during the time is the one of the prerequisites for the correct uses of land. During the last decades many methods of this regard have been developed. One of these methods is the use of landscape metrics. Landscape metrics are quantitative indices that describe compositional and spatial aspects of landscape. The most important impose on these studies is that changes into landscape patterns strongly affected landscape function. Due to the special ecological position of the Arasbaran biosphere, and some destructive factors such as over-grazing, high acreage of agricultural fields and encroachment of human-made structures into natural ecosystems, the area has witnessed a noticeable rate of land degradation during the last decades. For this reason the main objective of this study was analysis of land use and land cover changes using ecological landscape metrics. At first, the multi temporal Landsat images dated 1990, 2002 and 2014 were provided. Based on former knowledge from study area and study aim, satellite images were classified in seven classes including high forest, low forest, agriculture, grassland, barren land, water and urban area. For quantitative landscape metrics for each land use map, we used Fragstate software. Selected metrics included CA, PLAND, NP, LPI, MN_SHAPE, ENN, IJI, DIVISION and SHDI. The result of calculating CA, PLAND and NP metrics showed that forests were degraded and urban area and barren land were extended. Decreasing the index of the largest patch (LPI) and increasing indexes of contagion-interspersion (IJI), ENN and DIVISION for forest area indicates the destruction and disintegration of these lands. In landscape level the number of patches has increased over the time, which represents the intensity of negative and defamatory change during the study. Also, the increasing of Shannon's diversity index confirms the increasing diversity of patches in the regions as a result of increasing patch numbers and changes in landscape. Contribution of each category in altering other LULC categories was also calculated to provide an improved understanding regarding current LULC change processes in the area. Grassland is the most invasive category against low-density forest such that it occupies this category for 815 and 1,219 hectares during both time intervals, respectively. The result of calculating metrics and change detection showed the changes in the second period (2002-2014) were more intense than the first period (1990-2002). Based on the results can be mentioned that during of study the landscape in Arasbaran region completely fragmented. Also consider spatial diversity and dispersion of land uses, there is a possibility of degradation and land use change in the future. Accordingly, there is a need to develop a suitable program to prevent unwanted changes in the landscape and maintain its spatial continuity. Development in the future should be programmed based on sustainable development principles and attention be pay to protection, maintenance and ecosystem management.

A landscape is a heterogeneous and vast region consisting of a set of patches, habitats, and repetitive environmental elements. In recent studies, various metrics have been used to investigate the structure, function, and landscape pattern changes. The metrics are quantitative indices that describe the structural and spatial properties of the landscape. The objective of this study was to obtain information on the current status of different land use classes and the analysis of complex relationships among classes in Arasbaran region. Material and methods: In this regard, a land use/land cover (LULC) map with seven classes (i.e., high-density forest, low-density forest, agriculture, grassland, barren land, water, and urban area) was produced from Landsat 8 OLI imagery (2014) and ancillary data. Eighteen different landscape metrics including area metrics, shape metrics, isolation and proximity metrics and diversity metrics were calculated for each class and landscape level. Results showed that the high-density forest and grassland form the main elements of Arasbaran landscape with 30.76% and 30.03% of the Percentage of landscape, respectively. The metrics of number and density of patches showed that grassland and low-density forest classes had the highest number of patches compared to other land use classes and so are the finest grained land use classes in the area. The largest patch index also showed that 4.76 percent of the landscape was occupied by the largest high-density forest patch. The total edge and edge density indicated that the majority of the area is covered by high-density forest and it provides the longest border with other land uses. Based on the shape metric, urban area and barren land have the most dispersion. In addition, the urban area and high-density forest are the most discontinuous and continuous land uses in the landscape, respectively. Based on the mean of Euclidean distance, the distance between the high-density forest patches is the minimum and the distance between the urban patches is the maximum metric. In total, the study area is composed of 802 LULC patches. Also, based on Shannon and Simpson diversity and uniformity metrics, the area is diverse and heterogeneous. Considering the fine-grained grasslands and forests with high (dis) connectivity, the dispersion of urban areas, and the extent of agricultural lands, an increasing rate of changes in the land use can be estimated in the future. The future changes can be as removing small patches of grassland and forests, and expansion of the urban and agricultural classes.

Analysis of the structure of tree species provides a complete information on species diversity, composition, spatial distribution in mixed natural forests. It helps to better understanding of many ecological and silvicultural issues in order to optimal management of the ecosystem. The main objective of this research is to investigate the differences and similarities of sites with different conservation history (Kalale and Vaygan Sites with a long-term conservation history and Kuran Sites with a short-term conservation history) in terms of diversity and composition of the tree structure in Arasbaran forests. For this purpose, nine hectares with one-hectare sample plot were inventoried with full-callipering method. The measured characteristics were type of species, distance and azimuth of each tree from the last tree, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height. The spatial pattern of trees was determined by the modified K-Ripley function. Based on the results, 14 species were observed in the three study areas. Four species of hornbeam (68 %), maple (8 %), yew (7 %) and persian oak (2.5 %) composed of about 88% of the total density of trees. Kalale site (15.29 m2) and Kuran (0.26 m2) had the highest and lowest basal-area per hectare, respectively. Kalale and Vaygan sites had a wide range of diameter classes in comparison with the Kuran site. L function showed that almost all species had cluster distribution and only hornbeam had a random distribution in Kuran site. Therefore, every intervention in order to tending reclamation andenrichment of the studied stands should be based on making species mixture and keeping clustered spatial pattern and also it should be avoided pure species reforestation to ensureboth biodiversity and sustainability of stands

In this study, for evaluation of ecological capability in the study area, the maps of slope, aspect, elevation, soil type, vegetation type and forest density were provided. At the first step, land unit maps, basic environmental unit map, and the final environmental unit map were created respectively. Special model of protection regarding to general forestry model of Makhdoum was obtained with overlaying of wildlife map on basic environmental unit map and ecological capability of environmental units were created. Finally, the obtained environmental unit data was compared with special model of protection and ecological zoning of the area in order to protection planning was done, and priority of operations were determined based on zoning map. The results showed that 436 hectares of the entire region (989 ha) have the first conservation potential and priority. In addition, 281 hectares have the potential for the first protection class. 272 hectares of the 436 hectares, which were determined as the conservation zone, had the potential for conservation planning and were proper for operating the plans.

Wood and woodfuel are the dominant energy sources for cooking and heating for over two billion people, mainly rural households in the developing countries. In order to conserving forests, it is necessary to substitution of fossil fuel with wood fuel. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is studying the impacts of conservation program in changing the type of fuel used in Arasbaran forests. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 60-samples households, followed by field observations in 7 villages. Results showed that just three households from sixty households did not use wood fuel. The average of wood fuel used per family in spring and summer was 2522 Kg. The average of wood fuel used per family in autumn and winter was 6968 Kg. Fuelwood consumption annual value was 620765 Rials per household in 2010. Fuelwood consumption annual value was 167477 Rials per capita in 2010. Fuelwood collection had negative effects on household economy because of high labor costs. Most of households used oak (Quercus macranthera) and birch (Carpinus betulus) as wood fuel. Based on our results, it is concluded that the conservation program had a positive significant impacts on changing the type of fuel in Arasbaran forests.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran and parasites disease without an effective medical treatment.  In this study we attempted to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the black tea decoction extract as herbal medicines. L. major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium enriched with 10% FCS in the presence of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of extracts. Parasites behavioral reaction and growth pattern was monitored after 0.5, 1, 5, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-seeding by counting fixed parasites in a haemocytometer chamber and observing their motility pattern and shape by invert microscopy. Parasite viability was evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.  The results indicated that the number of promastigotes in groups containing 10, 20, 30 and 40% extract had decreased after 24, 28 and 72 hours while normal growth was observed in the control group which was significantly different (p<0.05) in comparison with the treatment groups. This study indicated that black tea decoction extracts could effectively prevent the growth of L. major promastigotes in vitro.

This study was established to determine the lymnaea stagnalis snails’ infection with trematodes larval stage in one of the springs of the Shahrekord city in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. To determine the snail infection to trematodes larval stages, the snails were caught from the field, and transferred to the Parasitology department of Razi Vaccine and Serum research Institute. Then stimulating of snails by light, tubing and squ ashing of them were used to detection and identification of the isolated cercariae. Of 400 collected Snails from the referred springs, 320 of them identified as lymnaea stagnalis. Observed cercariae were identified and classificated as order Plagi orchis, family plagiorchiidae and genus opisthioglyphe and plagiorchis. In Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province due to having more than 10% of water content of country, ecological conditions can play important role to developing sensitive snail especially L ymnaeidae and be considered as a critical and suitable habitat for them.

Internal parasitic diseases are very important in laboratory animal breeding systems. Additionally, producing clear laboratory animals for educational and research centers is very important. According to above notes it was decided to perform a screening study using normal methods of identification of gastrointestinal parasites (autopsy and isolation of parasites from gastrointestinal organs), then identification of collected parasites. So, parasites have been isolated from gastrointestinal organs of animals (Mouse, Rat, Hamster) they have been mounted on slides and were identified. This study was carried out from 2008 up to 2011, a three year period. Finally, screening data and identification card for any laboratory animal was verified according to the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) and documented. Totally fifty mice have been detected for gastrointestinal parasitological infections, 30% of mice had adult stage of oxyuris, 4% of mice were infected by adult cestoda (H.diminuta) and 40% of mice had protozoa infection of Giardiaspp. 15% cases of rats were infected by Oxyuris, and 15% were infected by Trichomosoides crassicauda and no protozoa infection was found in rats. 18% hamsters had Oxyuris and there was no protozoa infection in hamsters. Finally, regarding these records of parasitological infection in laboratory animals, it can be concluded that there are no clinical infection due to these agents and these records may help us to develop a better screening methods and certificate for laboratory animals.