رحیم حمیدی پور

The research was conducted with the aim of the development of marital life intervention based on a positive approach and Islamic psychology and its feasibility on communication patterns of conflicted couples. The research method was generally mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test plan and a control group. The statistical population of the quantitative part was all the couples with marital conflict in Tehran in 2022, 30 people were convenience selected and 15 people were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 people to the control group. The data collection tools in the quantitative part: are the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) (2000) and the communication questionnaire of Christensen and Salawi (CPQ) (1984). The data were analyzed in multivariate covariance analysis. In the results of the qualitative part, 2 main themes were identified, which include "Islamic, positivity" and 9 sub-themes including "piety and religious beliefs, Islamic ethics, gratitude, positive coping, strengthening positive emotions, positive communication skills." "enhancement of positive abilities, positive and negative beliefs". Also, the findings of the quantitative section showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the mean of the post-test communication patterns of the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). It can be concluded that marital life interventions based on a positive approach and Islamic psychology are effective for couples' communication patterns.

This research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of married life based on a positive approach and Islamic psychology and investigating the effectiveness of the developed model on the psychological well-being of conflicted couples.

The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was specialists and therapists, and the statistical population of the quantitative part was all couples with marital conflict in Tehran in 2022 that 30 people were selected as a statistical sample and 15 people were in the experimental group 1 (model developed), and 15 people were in the control group. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and the quantitative part included the Marital Conflict and Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire

Data analysis was done by coding the interviews and then using the covariance analysis test. Findings of the qualitative part of the research, 2 main themes and 9 sub-themes appeared from the participants' point of view, which can depict the understanding of experts on the phenomenon of Islamic psychology approach and positivity for the life of conflicted couples. Also, the findings of the quantitative section showed that the developed intervention model has a significant effect on the psychological well-being of couples with marital conflict (p<0.05).

Resilience as the human capacity to overcome or adapt to adverse life situations has been widely given special attention in recent years.  The main purpose of this research was to investigate the model of academic resilience model based on media literacy and innovative thinking with the mediating role of regulating academic emotions.  The present research method was based on a quantitative strategy and descriptive-correlation technique. The statistical population of the current research was all the students of the universities of Kermanshah in the academic year 1400-1401 with a population of 34676 people. For this purpose, 335 students (193 women, 142 men) were randomly selected and answered the questionnaires of Phalsafi Media Literacy (2013), Innovative Thinking of Morad (2021), Regulation of Academic Emotions by Pekrun (2002), and Academic Resilience by Samuels (2004). The structural equation method was used for data analysis.  The structural equation modeling analysis indicated the acceptable fit of the model with the data. Also, the research findings showed that media literacy and innovative thinking have a direct effect on academic resilience. Also, these two variables predict academic resilience indirectly through the regulation of academic emotions. Therefore, to improve the academic resilience of students, it is necessary to focus on media literacy and innovative thinking and improve the regulation of their academic emotions.

Family and employment are indispensable components of modern life (1) In this regard, in recent years, the employment of both partners has given rise to widespread changes in family structure and roles (2). Changes in the roles along with those in relationships and family structures in families, including employed couples, result in various issues that can affect not only family life but also working life (3). Marital satisfaction is among the most crucial aspects related to family life that a couple's employment can influence (4). A satisfactory life can lead to more flexibility in managing life burdens, lowering the risk of mental harm, better adaptation, longer life, and lowering emotional health problems (8).Executive functions are regarded as one of the most fundamental aspects of cognitive performance, which turns to control (regulatory) mechanisms mainly used to regulate human cognition and behaviors (47).Theory of mind can play a mediatory role between the variables of executive functions and marital satisfaction. Understanding the relationship between these variables can not only improve and enhance life satisfaction but can also help resolve marital problems and conflicts. The current study aimed to design a marital satisfaction model based on executive functions with the mediatory role of the theory of mind among employed couples. 

The current study can be classified as primary research as far as the research purpose is concerned, and in terms of the data collection procedure, it can be regarded as descriptive-correlational research. The research sample of this study included all employed couples in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. The sampling procedure was clustering-stratified so that two regions were randomly selected from the twenty-two Tehran regions. Then, the intended qualified couples to participate in the research were chosen in each region. There were eleven noticeable variables for each of which twenty participants were considered. The number of two hundred and twenty participants is adequate for the research sample. Accordingly, given the burden involved, five hundred and ten participants were regarded so that the researcher could gain access to the desired sample in case of attrition based on the opinions of specialized figures. Among this group, data from five hundred individuals were suitable for analysis. The instruments applied in the current study were as follows:Barkly Executive Functions Scale: This eighty-nine-statement scale is a self-report instrument that applies for the age range of eighteen to eighty-one and includes five sub-scales which measure five actions including executive action of self-management of time, self-organization– problem-solving, self-control-inhibition, self-motivation, and self-discipline. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for sub-scales lay within the range of 0.80 and 0.92, whereas for the whole scale, the figure was 0.96.Visual Stories Assignment of Theory of Mind: Corcoran, Cahill, and Frith (1997) introduced visual stories to assess the theory of mind, including six visual story cartoons. in this assignment, the participants were asked to put a series of pictures correctly. In the case of failure, the participants were guided by the researcher, and later, they were asked to provide oral explanations for each picture and answer some incorrect beliefs. Correct ordering of the pictures received six points and correct answers to questions were assigned one score. Higher scores are indicative of a person's higher capability in theory of mind. This scale was administered in Iran by Mashhadi et al. (2015), and a reliability coefficient of 0.75 was reported using alpha Cronbach reliability (35).Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale: This scale consists of thirty-five items, which measure four sub-scales of idealistic distortion, marital satisfaction, communication, and conflict resolution. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.68 was attained in this study (39).

The education of 11% of couples was post-graduate, 50.6% had a bachelor's degree, 33.4% post-graduate degree, and 5% had a PhD 33.4% of the couples were between 25 and 35 years old, 42.4% were between 35 and 45 years old, and 25.2% were 45 years old and older. Besides, 37.8% of couples had one child, 46% had two children, and 16.2% had three or more children. The results indicated that none of the research variables had a considerable deviation from normal distribution, and skewness of score distribution lay within the range of +2 and -2, while the kurtosis lay within the range of +3 and -3. Hence, the conclusion can be drawn that data are normally distributed.Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) was drawn to analyze the linear relationship between predicting variables, which was lower than ten for all variables. Furthermore, statistics on tolerance were reported to be 0.2 in this study. The frequency table was used to pinpoint univariate outliers, reporting no outliers. Additionally, the results of the Pearson correlation indicated a negative significant correlation between executive functions and marital satisfaction, whereas a positive significant correlation exists between the theory of mind and marital satisfaction (P<0.001).Results showed that the direct paths between executive functions and theory of mind (β=-0.398) (P=0.001) and that of marital satisfaction (β=-0.511) (P=0.001) are significant. Moreover, the bootstrap test in macro program was used to investigate the effect of the mediator variable of the theory of mind in the relationship between executive functions and marital satisfaction, the results of which are indicative of an indirect correlational path. Express differently, the theory of mind as a mediator variable between executive functions and marital satisfaction can directly affect the relationship between these variables. Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that the theory of mind plays a mediatory role in the association between executive functions and marital satisfaction among employed couples.

The attained findings from the intended model showed that the theory of mind exerts a mediatory role in creating a relationship between executive function and marital satisfaction. A point can be made to account for these findings regarding the common nervous origin between executive functions and the theory of mind. Imaging studies proved that activities of different frontal regions are involved in the theory of mind and executive functions (53). By affecting the frontal region of the brain, executive functions can strengthen planning during the cognitive processes in the brain and create more constructive social interactions and social behaviors, including theory of mind (52). In addition, in some executive functions, such as cognitive flexibility, it is considerably required that people understand how people feel and think (53). Therefore, any injury to the frontal region can result in a person’s inability to perceive emotional messages and respond to them. Moreover, research in developmental psychology approves the relationship between executive functions and social awareness, particularly the ability to perceive one’s psychological conditions and those of others (54).

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting academic procrastination based on social behavior (bullying and victimization) and the emotional atmosphere of the adolescent's family. The research design was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population in this research was all the students of the first and second secondary schools of Isfahan city in the academic year of 1402, of which 210 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered the questionnaire of academic procrastination of Sawari (2011), bullying and victim behaviors. Elvis (1983) and the emotional atmosphere of The Hillburn Family (1964). The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Pearson's correlation results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between bullying and victim behaviors as well as the emotional atmosphere of the family with academic procrastination (p<0.001). The results of the multiple regression analysis also showed that 11.8% of the variance of academic procrastination is explained by bullying and victim behaviors and the emotional atmosphere of the family, and finally, based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that in order to reduce academic procrastination, the necessary measures to reduce bullying behaviors and Sacrifice and improving the emotional atmosphere of teenagers' families should be considered.

The tensions caused by the Corona epidemic and the noticeable changes in the family cause many problems for students from divorced families.Divorce and separation of parents is the foundation of many problems, one of which is disruption in children's academic performance .The purpose of the present study Comparison of academic self-concept, academic excitement of students from divorced and united families in the post-corona was .The statistical population of the study included all middle school students Arak city in the academic year 2022-2023, where 30 students from divorced families and 30 students from normal families were selected as available. The current research plan It was a causal-comparative All Subjects Tools used, the academic self-concept of B. Yasen Chi (2004), the academic excitement of Pakran et al. (2005) were completed. Results using software spss and the multivariate variance test was analyzed between the two experimental and control groups .There is a significant difference between the two groups of students from divorced and integrated families in all components of academic self-concept, in the level of general self-concept, school self-concept, and non-school self- concept .The results of the present study showed that after the parents' divorce, the academic self-concept and academic excitement of the children decreased. Therefore, students from divorced families have lower academic self-concept and academic excitement than students from united families. Paying attention to academic self-concept and academic excitement of students from divorced families is effective in their academic progress.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of a model of marital satisfaction based on executive functions with the mediation of empathy in working couples. The design of the current research is of a descriptive-correlation type. For this purpose, 500 working couples in Tehran were selected using stratified cluster sampling and responded to Barclay's Executive Functions Scale, Basic Empathy Scale, and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling. Also, SPSS and AMOS software were used to classify, process, analyze data and check the research hypotheses. The evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indices showed that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.98, NFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.02). The results of the research showed that the executive functions through the mediation of empathy have a significant effect on marital satisfaction at the level of P<0.05. executive functions are indirectly effective in marital satisfaction through empathy. Therefore, to improve marital satisfaction, intervention in executive functions And empathy in working couples can be important

This study was conducted to codify a psychological model based on positivist psychology and assess its effect on the resilience of individuals with COVID-19 anxiety. In the qualitative portion of the study, the researchers employed an inductive method for theme analysis and a quasi-experimental design with a pretest, posttest, control group, and two-month follow-up period for the quantitative portion. The statistical population of the present investigation comprised COVID-19 anxiety sufferers in Tehran during the spring and summer of 2021. Using a method of purposive sampling, 35 individuals with COVID-19 anxiety were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the related interventions (10 sessions) over the course of one and a half months. In this study, the applied questionnaires included the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and the Resilience Questionnaire (RQ). The data were analyzed using the mixed ANOVA procedure and SPSS-23 statistical software. The results demonstrated that the positivist psychological model has sufficient content validity. In addition, this intervention has a positive effect on the resilience of individuals with Covid-19 anxiety (P<0001). According to the present study, the model of psychological coping based on positive psychology can be considered an effective method for enhancing the resilience of people with COVID-19 anxiety by emphasizing their strengths and positive traits, fostering altruism and devotion, being thankful and appreciative, and developing hope and optimism.

The present study was conducted to codify a model of psychological coping with Covid-19 consequences based on positivist psychology and evaluate its effect on quality of life and happiness of the people with Covid-19 anxiety. The research method was theme analysis through inductive method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study included the people with Covid-19 anxiety in Tehran in the spring and summer of 2021. 35 people with Covid-19 anxiety were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The people in the experimental group received the related interventions (10 sessions) during one-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, et.al, 2019) (CDAS) and quality of life questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1994) (QLQ) and happiness questionnaire (Arghil, Martin, Craslande, 1989). The results showed that the model of psychological coping with Covid-19 consequences based on positivist psychology enjoys enough content validity. Moreover, this intervention has been effective on the quality of life and happiness of the people with Covid-19 anxiety (P<0001). According to the present study, the model of psychological coping based on positive psychology can be attended to as an efficient method to improve the quality of life and happiness of the people with Covid-19 anxiety through paying attention to the capabilities and positive points, promoting altruism and devotion, being thankful and grateful and forming hope and optimism.

Today, one of the achievements of the family institution and one of the factors threatening the foundation and center of the family is the conflicts that occur in the relationship between couples. Therefore; the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of localized couple therapy based on marital burnout of conflicting couples in Kermanshah.

Methods and Materials:

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to Kermanshah Transplant Counseling Center. Statistical sample consisted of 20 conflicting graft pairs that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instrument was the 21-item Marital burnout Inventory (CBM) questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages, which indicates the effectiveness of reality-based education on marital burnout of conflicting couples.

It seems that localized couple therapy based on reality therapy has an effect on marital burnout. It is recommended to do similar research with more samples to increase the external credibility of the research.

This study aimed to develop a marital life model based on a positive psychology approach and Islamic psychology and to examine the effectiveness of the developed model on the patience of conflicted couples. The research employed a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative phase utilized a phenomenological method with a target population of couple therapists, purposive sampling, and semi-structured interviews for data collection. The quantitative phase followed a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population included all conflicted couples in Tehran in 2022, from which 30 individuals were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups.The quantitative tools included the Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire and a Patience Questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using covariance analysis. In the qualitative phase, participant experiences revealed a main theme of "psychology and positive thinking" and sub-themes including "piety and religious beliefs, Islamic ethics, gratitude, positive coping, strengthening positive emotions, positive communication skills, enhancing positive capacities, and positive and negative beliefs."The quantitative findings indicated that the developed intervention model significantly influenced the patience of conflicted couples. It is recommended that couple therapists and family counselors apply this model in practice.

Research has shown that adequate education on marriage-related issues can affect coupleschr('39') beliefs; therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of premarital education by the method of awareness program and interpersonal selection and multidimensional indigenous approach on dysfunctional couple beliefs in marriage seekers.

 The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all marriage applicants in Arak who referred to the Center for Sustainable Life in 1399, and 60 of them were randomly selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups of interpersonal knowledge and selection program (20 people). The native group (20 people) and the control group (20 people) were included. In this study, the content of premarital training sessions based on the principles and techniques of the Interpersonal Awareness and Selection Program (PICK) was two weekly 90-minute sessions and native multidimensional training in 10 40-minute sessions. Done. The data collection tool was Eidelsen and Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire and covariance analysis test was used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22.  

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of premarital education through the program of knowledge and interpersonal choice and the native multidimensional approach on communication beliefs, expectation of mind reading and no change of spouse (P≥0.001).

It seems that people who participate in premarital education programs have better communication growth, less destructive exchanges and more support, and also have lower divorce rates.

The family can be considered as an emotional unit and a network of intertwined relationships that is built from the marital bond of man and woman. Marital satisfaction is very unstable, especially in the early years, and relationships are most at risk. The results of some studies indicate that the satisfaction of the couple is not easily achieved and as a result, marriage can be seriously endangered within the family system. It can be said that the cause of many psychological disorders and marital incompatibilities is due to sexual dissatisfaction and years of neglect of sexual instinct in humans has left irreparable consequences in social and marital relationships and has destroyed the foundation of families. One of the components that is considered in close relationships, especially marital relationships, is sexual satisfaction, an emotional state that is created by fulfilling a person's personal desires within the scope of his sexual life. Sexual issues are among the first issues of a married life in terms of importance, so that marital satisfaction is significantly associated with sexual pleasure, and with increasing sexual pleasure, marital satisfaction also increases. One of the most common sexual problems among couples is sexual desire disorder (sexual dysfunction).Hyperactivity disorder is a lack of emotional response to desire that is accompanied by a lack of intrinsic sexual motivation and lack of pleasure during sexual intercourse, such as responses from actively avoiding sexual contact to engaging in sexual activity with a partner despite the lack It involves sexual desire and sexual activity is very rare). Research has shown that one of the factors that increase sexual satisfaction is the patterns of attachment and ego defenses that affect couples' experiences of intimacy and sexual satisfaction to understand the couple's sexual problems and block the expression of sexual desire and set up barriers. Intimacy is used. Balbi calls his and others' mental representations patterns of introspection. Introspection patterns are the basis of attachment styles, also known as attachment biases or attachment patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive stimulus (convenience of service) on cognitive and behavioral reactions (economic value, satisfaction and loyalty) with the role of emotional stimulus (pleasure and arousal) of customers of chain stores in the country.

This research is an applied type with a quasi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all married women in Najafabad in 1398 who referred to Mahour Counseling Center located in Najafabad. A total of 40 women who scored low on the Hoggs & Steele Sex Scale and were diagnosed with sexual reluctance were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to groups. Entry and exit criteria are age range 25 to 48 years. Have at least one year of living together. They have reported a history of reluctance or low desire for at least six months and have scored less than 3.3 on the Female Sexual Performance Index questionnaire under the Sexual Reluctance Scale. Diagnosis of sexual anemia is not of physiological origin. Do not receive any other treatment during the training period. The instruments used in this study are: 1) Collins and Reed Attachment Styles Questionnaire: This self-assessment scale has 18 items that are measured by marking on a five-point Likert scale. Each subscale consists of 6 items and is secure attachment, avoidance attachment and ambivalent attachment. The stability of the retest was estimated to be 0.7 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the safe style was 0.629, for the avoidance style was 0.542 and for the ambivalent style was 0.824. 2) Thompson & Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire: This questionnaire is a 17-item tool designed to measure marital intimacy. The subject score in this questionnaire is obtained by adding the scores of the questions and dividing it by 17. The range of scores is between 1 and 7, and a higher score is a sign of greater intimacy. This questionnaire was evaluated by a trustee to determine the validity. To determine the content and face validity of this scale, the questionnaire was first reviewed by 15 counseling professors and 15 couples and its face and content validity was confirmed. Also, Khazaei has calculated 0.82 through simultaneous implementation with Bagarozi questionnaire and estimating their correlation coefficient and has reported the total reliability of 0.85 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Rosen et al. Female Sexual Performance Index: A measure of female sexual function, which is a suitable tool for measuring sexual function. In Iran, the index of female sexual function was standardized by Mohammadi et al. The reliability of the index was reported for each of the six domains and the whole scale for the control groups and all individuals using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85. It was also found that the cut-off points for the whole scale and subscales are: total scale 28, desire 3.3, psychological stimulation 3.4, satisfaction 3.8, sexual pain 3.8. Scores higher than the cut-off point indicate good performance. After performing the pre-test for both groups, ACT-based training based on Goodwin et al. Protocol and group training based on emotion-based therapy based on Johnson protocol were provided to the experimental group members. Did not receive.

The results showed that the interventions presented to the experimental groups could have a significant effect on improving the mean of marital intimacy (P <0.001) and sexual satisfaction (P <0.001). These interventions also had a significant effect on the mean of secure attachment styles (P <0.001), avoidance (P <0.05) and ambivalent (P <0.001). It was also found that the interventions presented to the experimental groups were significantly different only in improving marital intimacy.

As a result, the research findings have supported the importance and prominent role of marketing activities based on cognitive and emotional stimuli in creating cognitive and behavioral reactions of chain store customers. Focusing on cognitive and emotional stimuli can provoke positive cognitive and behavioral reactions. Also, during emotion-oriented training, reconstruct situations that cause inappropriate emotion, such as rejection or avoidance, or stress and confusion. Due to the taboo nature of sex as a whole for some people, many experiences remain unsaid and suppressed, and the accumulation of these experiences causes disruption and dissatisfaction in the relationship. In the trainings, women were taught to reconstruct the conflicts that caused the relationship to be disturbed, and after exploring and spreading the emotions, to reconstruct them so that they can be reached and developed and in a safe environment by expressing real emotions in different life situations. They show newness and this increases and increases their sexual satisfaction.

Research has shown that reality therapy can affect many psychological issues. Therefore; The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of localized couple therapy based on reality therapy on marital conflicts.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all couples referred to Kermanshah Transplant Counseling Center. Statistical sample consisted of 20 conflicting graft pairs that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instrument was the revised Marital Conflict Questionnaire - 54 questions by Bagheri et al. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software version 25 was used.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test-post-test, pre-test-follow-up stages, which indicates the effectiveness of reality-based education in improving marital conflict between couples.

It seems that localized couple therapy based on reality therapy has an effect on marital conflicts. It is recommended to do similar research with more samples to increase the external credibility of the research.

Sexual reluctance is one of the most common sexual disorders in women that causes a major part of marital dissatisfaction and reduced intimacy between couples. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy group training on attachment, intimacy and sexual satisfaction in women with sexual reluctance.

The statistical population consisted of all married women in Najafabad in 1398. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 people were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to groups. The instruments used in this study were Collins and Reid Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire and Rosen et al.'s Sexual Performance Index. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the results at a significant level (α = 0.05).

The results showed that group training interventions based on acceptance and commitment could have a significant effect on improving the mean of marital intimacy (P <0.001) and sexual satisfaction (P <0.001). These interventions also had a significant effect on improving the mean of secure attachment styles (P <0.001), avoidant insecurity (P <0.05) and ambivalent insecurity (P <0.001).

Considering the significant effectiveness of group therapy training based on acceptance and commitment on research variables, it seems that the implementation of this group therapy method at large levels of society can improve the mental health of women in society.

The birth of a disabled child influences a wonderful effect on parents psych especially mothers. The birth of disabled child could be let parents down and cause to be hard to cope with. Therefore, the present research aimed to study of effectiveness of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with mentally retarded children on their resilience.

Methods and Materials:

 The research method of this paper was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group design. The research population include all mothers who has disable child and were referred to Welfare Organization of Arak in the first 3-month of 2019 year. The research sample includes 40 mothers who were selected randomly among research population (each group 20 subjects). To gather the data Conner and Davidson’s questionnaire was used. The experimental group received solution-focused therapy intervention and the subjects of control group were in waitlist. Analyzing the data carried out by Repeated Measure ANOVA.

The results showed that native solution-focused therapy intervention has been effective on resiliency of mothers with disabled children (p<.05).

According to the findings, it seems to intervention of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with disabled children on increasing of their resilience has been effective. Theoretical and practical implications discussed in this research.

lack of adequate education on issues related to marriage and insufficient information of couples are that may cause many problems in couples' lives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of premarital education through the method of awareness program and interpersonal selection and multidimensional indigenous approach on anxiety / avoidance of attachment and differentiation in individuals seeking marriage.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all people who referred to the Center for Sustainable Life seeking marriage in Arak in 2020, and among them 60 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups of interpersonal knowledge and selection program (20 people), group Indigenous training (20 people) and control group (20 people) were included. Content of premarital education sessions based on the principles and techniques of the Interpersonal Awareness and Selection Program (PICK) were two weekly sessions of 90 minutes and multidimensional indigenous training in 10 sessions of 40 minutes. Data collection tools were Hazan and Shaver Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987) and Scuron Differentiation Questionnaire (2000). Analysis of covariance test using SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of premarital education through knowledge program and interpersonal choice and the multidimensional indigenous approach on attachment anxiety / avoidance of attachment and differentiation in marriage seekers.

According to the results, it seems that both treatments are equally effective on attachment anxiety / avoidance of attachment and differentiation.

Research has shown that one of the variables that the mother of a mentally retarded child may be involved with is emotion management and regulation. Mental retardation is one of the biggest, most complex and difficult issues and problems of children and adolescents in todaychr('39')s human societies. Mental retardation is a heterogeneous and lifelong disorder that is mostly associated with specific problems related to brain or sensory function and includes genetic disorders that affect cognition and behavior (1). Mothers are more affected by the processes that the presence of a disabled child in the family system than fathers due to more involvement and companionship with their children (2). The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mental disorders of mothers of mentally retarded children with learning and late learning (3) and the quality of life (4) of mothers of mentally retarded children with mothers of healthy and normal children. Picat and Dolan (5) also suggest that short-term, short-term treatment is an appropriate intervention for adolescents and adults in many areas. In addition, Adigozel and Goktiork (6) consider the use of solution-oriented perspective as a more effective way to solve psychological problems; so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of native solution therapy on self-efficacy and emotional regulation of mothers with mentally retarded children.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with unequal control and experimental groups. Sample of this stage of research among mothers with mentally retarded children in Arak in the first quarter of 1398 who had referred to Arak Welfare who were available by voluntary sampling method Sampling was selected. For this purpose, after informing the mentioned community and informing them of the research objectives, the applicants were registered. After enrollment, 40 eligible mothers were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups (20 in the experimental group, 20 in the control group) using the "individual assignment to group" method. Inclusion criteria include 1- one of their first-degree relatives is mentally retarded, 2- the minimum age of the participant is 18 years, 3- the maximum age of the participant is 55 years, 4- at least 5 years with a minor has mental ability in direct contact, 5- has no extreme love or hatred for the person with mental disabilities, 6- has no mental or physical illnesses such as paranoid that affect their narratives, 7- Be willing to cooperate and participate in the interview session and 8- Other members of their family are also willing to cooperate and participate in the interview. Exclusion criteria include 1- Whenever it is determined for the researcher that the participant does not meet the conditions to enter the research and has entered the research illegally, 2- If they do not attend the interview, 3- Other families Do not participate in the research and 4- refrain from providing information in the interview session. Protocol therapy was developed based on the De Shazer-based solution therapy method, ie strengthening strengths, defining and praising clients, examining exceptions, using the special question "somewhere", scaling questions, and miracle questions. 90 minutes per week were performed for the experimental group.

The results showed that There is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in at least one of the dependent variables. To find out the difference, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was used. Also, there is a significant difference between the research groups in the variables of emotional regulation and self-efficacy and the value of the significant level obtained is less than the alpha value in both variables (α = 0.05), thus with 95% probability of solution treatment. Axial, affects emotional regulation. Also, the observed effect coefficient is equal to 0.229 for the emotional regulation variable and 0.470 for the self-efficacy variable. There is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the post-test stage of the variables of emotional regulation and self-efficacy and the value of the significant level obtained is less than the alpha value (α = 0.05), thus with a 95% probability between the two experimental groups. And control There is a difference in the post-test of the emotional regulation variable.

According to the results, after adjusting the pre-test scores, the difference in post-test scores between the experimental and control groups is significant for the self-efficacy variable. In other words, solution-oriented treatment, considering the mean of self-efficacy in the pre-test stage compared to the mean of self-efficacy of the control group, caused a significant increase in the self-efficacy of mothers with mentally retarded children in the experimental group. The effect or difference showed that the differences in the self-efficacy post-test scores were related to the effect of the solution-oriented treatment and this treatment caused the mean of the self-efficacy post-test scores to be higher in the experimental group than the control group. As a result, the increase in the mean scores of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-self-efficacy test is due to receiving the solution-oriented treatment intervention in the experimental group. The result of this hypothesis is in line with the research of Zareinejad et al. (7), Moghaddamnia et al. (8), Fitzgerald et al. (9), Lloyd et al. (10) and Baldwin et al. (11). One of the techniques of solution-oriented treatment is problem normalization. This is a technique that assures the client that his problem is not unique. The therapist helps her to know that she is not the only one experiencing this problem, others have experienced this problem and there is hope for finding a solution to this problem. Finding exceptions to the problem as part of treatment allows clients to shift their focus from the problem to a time when there was no problem. The therapist asks the client to look for times when the problem was not in his life and how he did it. The exception question reminds the authorities that the authorities would have been difficult without it  (12).Therefore, it can be said that using the solution-oriented therapy technique, in which a person sets positive and negative goals, one can learn to evaluate the situation by relating to the environment and surroundings, and regulate emotion as a positive goal. Consider and choose low excitement as a negative goal; Therefore, solution-oriented therapy can be effective in regulating the emotions of mothers with mentally retarded children. In general, it can be said that the native solution-oriented intervention has an effect on self-efficacy and emotional regulation of mothers with mentally retarded children and it is recommended to use this intervention in different medical centers. It is also suggested that in similar cases it be placed in a relaxation plant to increase the external credibility of the research.It seems that the treatment of indigenous solution-based solutions has an effect on self-efficacy and emotional regulation of mothers with disabled children, so to increase the external validity of the research in other communities and with alarger number of samples should be examined. In general, it can be said that the native solution-oriented intervention has an effect on self-efficacy and emotional regulation of mothers with mentally retarded children and it is recommended to use this intervention in different medical centers. It is also suggested that in similar cases be placed in the resting plant to increase the validity of the outer larvae of the research.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of metacognition and mindfulness in predicting the quality of life of mothers with Intellectual disability children. The statistical population included all low-income mothers covered by the welfare departments of the city centers of Khuzestan province in 1398, according to the Cookran formula and using the simple random sampling method, 200 of them were selected as the sample. Participants answered Wales' metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (1997), Freiburg's mindfulness (2006), and the quality of life of the World Health Organization (1996). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation method and multiple regression using simultaneous method using SPSS24 statistical software. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between metacognition and quality of life of mothers with low-income children (p <0.001). There is a significant positive relationship between mindfulness, awareness and quality of life of mothers with children with disabilities (P <0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that metacognition and mindfulness predict 59% of the changes in the quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children (p <0.001). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that improving metacognition and mindfulness is effective in reducing the problems of mothers with mentally retarded children.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of positive psychology intervention on self-efficacy and psychological hardiness of female students. The statistical population of the study comprised all female students attending public high schools in District 4 of Tehran in school year 2017-18. The drawn sample was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method and the subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Positive psychology training was provided to the experimental group during eight 120-minute sessions and the control group received no intervention.Self-efficacy and psychological hardiness of the participants were assessed by General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al., 1982) and Psychological Hardiness Scale (Kobasa & Kahn, 1982) before and after the intervention. The obtained data were analyzed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicated that positive psychology intervention improved the self-efficacy and psychological hardiness (commitment, control, and challenge) of the intervention group compared with the control group. In general, it can be stated that positive psychology interventions can improve self-efficacy and develop psychological hardiness. Consequently, positive psychology training can be used to reduce students’ psychological problems.

Mothers with mental retarded children deal with a number of psychological problems and challenges. New psychological interventions, such as positive psychology, have concepts and elements that help mothers improve their hope and resiliency in facing life problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychology on the hope and resilience of mothers with mentally retarded children. This research had a semi-experimental design and pre-test-posttest with a control group. The research population included all mothers with mentally impaired children in Rofaydeh Hospital of Tehran, during year 2017. Thirty were selected by targeting sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups, experimental and control. The two groups responded in two stages: pre-test and post-test to Responder Questionnaire by Canner and Davidson (2003) and Schneider et al. (1991). The experimental group received 10 positive psychological training sessions. Data were analyzed by covariance test and SPSS software version 20. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test of hope scores (19/66 ± 4/99) and post-test (25 ± 4/20) (P = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the pre-test of resiliency scores (51.66 ± 13.54) and pre-test (57.06 ± 13.54) (P = 0.005) of the experimental group. These changes were not found in the control group. According to the research findings, therapeutic and educational positive psychological interventions could improve hope and resilience of mothers with mentally retarded children. This intervention could be recommended by family counselors at rehabilitation centers for mothers with special needs children.

social security feeling as a psychological and social phenomenon is influenced by the direct and indirect experiences of people from different social conditions, including the need to achieve a healthy life and the continuity of social relationships (Bahripour and Rastegarkhaled, 2013) . Therefore, security is a psycho-social process that is not experienced by individuals abstractly, but most people in the community have an essential role to play in creating and establishing it based on their needs, desires, mental and personal abilities. Social security feeling is a kind of mentality and positive psychological orientation. Green (2000) focuses in his research on security, specifically on issues related to identity, and states that five identities including tribal, national, ethnic, and Islamic identities are sufficiently capable of acting as security agents. On the other hand, cultural intelligence is defined as the ability to learn new patterns in cultural interactions and to provide correct behavioral responses to these patterns. Differences in language, ethnicity, values, norms, and in a statement of different cultures can appear as potential sources of contradiction (Hosseininasab and Qaderi, 2011). If there is a lack of understanding of these cultural differences, the feeling of social insecurity may increase. (Movahed and Hemmat, 2013; Mokhtari and others, 2013). On the other hand, Vegan (2003) sees spirituality as the highest level of growth in areas such as cognition, ethics and excitement, and considers it as an attitude that includes peak experiences and growth spheres (White and Others 2011). Spirituality is in fact the science of life and teaches humans how to maintain the health of their soul and body, and how to ensure their natural growth with an active and useful social life (Azhdarifard, Ghazi, and Noranipour, 2010). Research results show that there is a meaningful relationship between social security and social identity (Niyazi et al., 2011), cultural intelligence (Movahed and Hemmat, 2013) and spirituality (Mokhtari et al., 2012). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the sense of social security based on spirituality, social identity and cultural intelligence.
The present research is a correlational study. The statistical population consists of all students of Arak Azad University whose total number is 17,000 students. Of these, 380 people were selected using cluster sampling. To collect data, social security feeling questionnaire (2011), Early and Angle cultural intelligence (2004), Shahidi and Farajnia mental attitudes (2012) and social identity of Safari Nia and Roshan (2011) were used. For data analysis, multivariate regression was used. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.
Discussion of Results and Findings indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the social security feeling and spiritual level, spiritual attitude and spiritual ability. Social security feeling has a significant relationship with cultural intelligence, cultural recognition and cultural motivation, and is not related to cultural metacognition and cultural behavior. Social security feeling and social identity also have a meaningful relationship. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that social identity variable is the most important variable in predicting social security.
Social identity is a feeling of belonging and solidarity to a society, and any factor and phenomenon that causes disturbance in the sense of belonging and solidarity of the members of a group actually poses a threat to social security. According to the results of this research, it is possible to enhance the social security by promoting spirituality and cultural intelligence. In order to explain the absence of a relationship between spirituality and social security feeling, one can first and foremost refer to the present condition of mankind. There is a growing distance between the intellectual level of man and the spiritual principles which has caused confusion in human beings (Elahi,1380; quoted from Shahidi and Farajnia, 1391). According to Carrette and King (2005), spirituality presented to mankind in the contemporary world has a capitalist character and does not have a significant impact on lifestyle

Considering that the feelings of lack of individual self-efficacy and belonging to school are of the predictors of academic failure in education, the purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of the recognizable behavioral consultancy as the gregarious method on improving the educational self-efficacy and sense of school belonging among the students with educational failure. In this semi-experimental study, among all guidance school students with academic failure in Shahriar City, 30 students were selected using accidental sampling method. They were then divided into two groups of 15, experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the cognitive behavioral counseling for 15 hours. The measuring tools consist of the Berry, Betti and Watt’s scene of belonging survey and the Ginkez and Moorgan’s self-efficacy questionnaire both with reliable recognition. The results of this study indicated that cognitive behavioral counseling improved significantly the educational self-efficacy and the sense of school belonging (p=0.0001). According to the results of the present study, cognitive group counseling therapy may increase academic self-efficacy and also promotes the sense of belonging to school in schoolchildren