رضا امانی

Verse 157 of Surah A’raf says: “Those who follow the Messenger, the Unlettered Prophet, whom they find mentioned in the Torah and the Gospel in their possession. He directs them to righteousness, and deters them from evil, and allows for them all good things, and prohibits for them wickedness, and unloads the burdens and the shackles that are upon them. Those who believe in him, and respect him, and support him, and follow the light that came down with him—these are the successful.” This is one of the verses related to the concept of freedom. After the Islamic Revolution, particular attention has been given to the issue of freedom. However, it is still observed that there is no precise understanding of it in Islamic societies. The correct concept of freedom in societies has not been explained as it should, and it has led to a kind of social harm and a mistaken interpretation of the concept of freedom, equating it with nudity and absolute freedom of expression and behavior. This research seeks to provide a precise interpretation of freedom in the verse "He will remove from them their burdens and the shackles that were upon them" from the perspective of renowned commentators, with an emphasis on the interpretive views of Ayatollah Khamenei, in order to clarify the concept of freedom. This issue is examined in various aspects, which are addressed in this research using an analytical-descriptive method. The findings of this research can be categorized into three interpretations. In most exegeses, freedom in the aforementioned verse is interpreted as the liberation of Bani-Israel from heavy burdens. In some exegeses, freedom is interpreted as being freed from the chains of ignorance. The third interpretation is extracted from the statements of Ayatollah Khamenei, who interprets freedom in this verse as freedom from the tyrannical system, oppression, desires, and humiliation.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) with psychological disorders and the odds of disease in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).

This case-control study was performed on 61 patients with IBS-D and 61 healthy matched individuals aged 20 to 55 years in Isfahan. To collect data, 3‐day dietary record and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) were used. Also, anthropometric indices were measured.  

No significant difference was found between potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores between the two groups. There was a significant direct relationship between NEAP scores with stress and depression in the IBS-D group and also with anxiety in the two groups (P<0.05). No association was found between PRAL and NEAP with odds of IBS-D in both crude and adjusted models.

Dietary acid load may be associated with psychological disorders in patients with IBS-D. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

In today's world, most attention of young people is focused on cyberspace, while the transfer of Quranic concepts in this space has not been done according to the requirements of the contemporary world. Therefore, understanding these conditions leads the Quranic trustees to the need to use new methods in transmitting Quranic concepts to the young audience. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present study has investigated the methods of attracting Quranic concepts and the contexts of attracting the audience to the Quran by quoting verses and hadiths. Then, using the field method and publishing a questionnaire, he evaluated the effectiveness of these methods from the perspective of the audience. According to this study, the method of questioning and the use of narrative formats and performing arts have a great impact on the attractiveness of Quranic concepts and the main weakness in the transfer of Quranic concepts, practical and applicable transfer gap in their examples, and low use of images related to Quranic concepts in cyberspace.

One of the most fundamental concepts in the Holy Quran is the subject of guidance and misguidance. Among the stylistic features of this group of verses is the association of the letter "Ala" with the concept of guidance (Ala Hodan) and the letter "fi" with the concept of misguidance (fi dhalalen). The intellectual level of the use of these letters with the mentioned concepts sheds light on a part of the expressive miracle of the guiding verses of the Holy Quran. Analysis of the meanings of the letters Ala and Fi along with their compatibility with the concepts of guidance and misguidance in the Qur'an shows that the Qur'an considers the wise believers as those who ride on a horse and move in a path, governing their living conditions and destiny. So that these people will advance in the path of guidance with power and dominance and will eventually reach their destination. In the face of the polytheists and infidels, they will be immersed in worldly life and immersed in darkness and the toy of Satan and worldly life, and they will fail in the end. People who are "guided" (Ala Hodan) have a "source of internal control". They are responsible for their actions and lives, are less affected by the opinions of others and external stimuli, perform better in their jobs and responsibilities, and tend to maintain their mental and physical health. Unlike misguided people who have an "external source of control", they see external factors as involved in their success or failure and are less inclined to take responsibility.

Propaganda in religious culture has different definitions and principles than propaganda in Western culture And this is why they are different in the use of methods, which is one of the pillars of advertisingThese methods have their own requirements based on each of these two cultures At the same time, neglecting to use the correct methods of religious propaganda is associated with many harmsIn this research, using descriptive-analytical method and relying on verses and narrations, while enumerating the propaganda methods, their harms are also dealt withAmong the methods, indirect verbal method is one of the methods used in Quranic sermonsAlso, the question and answer method is one of the most widely used methods in the biography of the infallibles Its advantage over other methods is the attention to individual differences and psychological needs of the audience In such a way that the preacher conveys the message according to the situation of the recipientAlso, neglect of the level of understanding of the audience and its practical dimension, humiliation of the audience, inconsistency of the preacher's behavior with the content of his advertisement, Exaggeration in preaching or warning, stereotyping the message, and the emotional gap between the preacher and the audience are the most important harms of propaganda methodsIn order to promote the effectiveness of religious propaganda in society, it is necessary to pay attention to them

Dermatofibroma is a common skin benign cutaneous tumor with many variants based on alterations in the morphology and composition of its diverse elements. The cause of dermatofibroma is unknown, it was his- torically attributed to being a reactive response to some traumatic lesion to the skin which is associated with itching and pain. This tumor usually appears on the limbs, especially the end extremities, in young adults. In the present study, a middle-aged Persian leopard was accidentally killed because of a car incident in the Golestan National Park, Iran. Following necropsy, skin mass on the right toe was observed and after sam- pling was transferred to the laboratory. After routine histopathological and immunohistochemical processes, Dermatofibroma was diagnosed microscopically with non-capsulated, circumscribed, hypocellular dermal nodule in a spiral pattern. According to the results of this study immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD34. There is limited information about the Dermatofibroma in leopards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Dermatofibroma in the Persian leopard.

During the past decades, Tehran has suffered from subsidence crisis. Prolonged droughts and excessive exploitation of groundwater for agricultural and industrial purposes have reduced the level of aquifers and reduced the density of the subsurface soil layers. This study focuses on monitoring the displacement of the ground in west of Tehran which is affected by subsidence of Shahriyar and Tehran plains. A time series of 30 Sentinel-1 images were processed by radar interferometry technic based on the persistent scatterers in two years. Average annual displacement map was prepared for the region of study. The result of study indicates 15 centimeters of displacement in southern part of the study area where it ends to Shahriyar and Tehran plains. However, displacement is not limited to plain and non-urban areas. It has also scattered through industrial and urban areas. In industrial and residential areas, cumulative displacement of 9 to 13 centimeter was recorded in two years especially in Fath Highway which experiences more than 4 centimeters of displacement each year. Relative evaluation of results was made based on the data gathered from underpass 35. Considering the small difference in the estimates obtained from orbits 28 and 35, these areas had little Horizontal displacement. Displacement vector was high in vertical movement. Vertical displacement was computed for ascending and descending orbits in the second study region and verified by data from a GPS station.

Zinc performs many biochemical and physiological functions; however, toxicological studies demonstrate that Nano-zinc oxide has harmful effects on human health and environmental species in high concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on reproductive tissues of female rat. Eighty female Wistar adult rats weighing 180–200 gr, divided into eight groups (n= 10 in each group) including control, sham (treated with saline), and six groups injected with different doses of zinc oxide nanoparticle with 10–30 nanometer size (4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) twice a week for four weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were bled and slaughtered; the Ovary and Uterus were taken for histopathology studies and blood samples were transferred to the laboratory for biochemical analysis. Microscopic diagnoses in ovary tissue were included; increase in the corpus luteum, follicular cysts, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis. Histopathological  changes in ovary in a dose-dependent manner. In uterus tissue the lesions consisted; epithelial destruction, hyperplasia of endometrial glands. The Estrogen and Progesterone level in the serum of rats increased in low doses and reduced in a dosedependent manner at high doses. The results of the current study proved the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the ovary and uterus organs at high concentrations, so further investigation is needed to reduce these effects.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles that are used for industrial and domestic purposes can cause a widespread environmental contamination. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on renal tissue in terms of bioaccumulation of nanoparticles, histopathology, serum biochemical index, and oxidative damage.

This experimental study was conducted on 80 male Wistar rats that were divided into eight groups, including one control group, one sham group (receiving saline), and six groups administered zinc oxide nanoparticles at doses of 4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 28 days twice a week. The measurement of blood urine nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, and creatinine was accomplished using an autoanalyzer. Furthermore, histopathological examinations were performed after tissue processing. The digestion of the renal tissue by nitric-perchloric acid provided suitable solutions for the determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles by atomic absorption spectrometry.

Findings: According to the results, the histopathological lesions in the renal tissue at the dose of 200 mg/kg included glomerular proliferation and fibrosis. The groups treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles showed a higher increase in the serum levels of BUN and creatinine, compared with the control group, which indicated renal toxicity. Furthermore, a significantly higher level of zinc oxide nanoparticles was observed in the renal tissue of the groups receiving higher doses than those of the other groups (P<0.05).

Discussion & The findings of the current study revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles exerted a destructive effect on the kidney. Moreover, it was found that these nanoparticles had a toxic effect on the renal tissue at a high concentration

Style in favor of one of the most frequent rhetorical structures Quran. It has a variety of actions during the capture (using the present tense rather than the past or vice versa, etc.), pronouns and verbs change approach (the absent audience or vice versa) and use pronouns instead of names or vice versa.
The study also looked at the concept and function of art in favor of it, the art and semantic aspects of the industry-level analysis of pronouns concubines (the absent to audience, the absent to speaker, speaker to the audience, speaker to the absent, the audience the absent) at that Quranic have been sampled.
Scope of each type of attention - including the pronouns - we understand the nature and function of art and industry, rhetorical and semantic aspects will assist in the revelation. Finally favor of the examples in the Quran, revealed that the pattern of artistic and aesthetic function of language in addition to their important role in conveying the meaning to words of the speaker and the audience impact and its sustainability.

One of the literary forms used in the Holy Quran is the allegorical fashions. Allegorical is one of the most important and most effective structures for expressive the obvious words. Therefore, considering the importance of this narrative element in the Holy Qur'an and its delicate implications and the place of this element in the way of the presentation of the purpose, for translation the Qur'anic allegorical, careful, independent and complete analysis is needed. In this research, among the different allegorical, we mention to the Singular morsal allegorical and in the collection of contemporary translations of the Qur'an, the translations we hint to the translated of 'Ayati, Ansarian, Elahi Qamshahi, Khoramshahi, Fooladvand, Meshkini and Makarem Shirazi' The most distinguished the translated of the Holy Quran and they are more numerous than other translations, by descriptive-analytical method. The studies show that the translators have used different methods for the allegorical translation, and each of them has not followed a particular style, it is even sometimes seen that the translations of the concept It does not allegorical for virtual interpretation, and only literally means that it has caused many fluctuations in its translation. The result is that the best translation for allegorical interpretation is that, while transferring the concept to the target language, there are also aspects of the eloquence aspects.

The study of Qur'anic proverbs from a long time ago has been considered by Quran scholars. The Qur'anic scholars thought of the delicacies of Qur'anic verses and they created valuable works. Therefore, a translating Quranic proverb is of great importance. The translation of Quran translators reflects their trust and loyalty in translating Quranic verses. So that the spirit of Quranic proverbs id not translated in to translation. This had led the reader to remain literal. Consequently, the translation of Quranic concepts does not have much effect on readers. A loyal translation is a translation that is faithful to the content of the original text. The proposed method in this article is a Communicative – semantic method. In this paper, we tried to use a descriptive analytical methodAnd a critical approach, review the Influence the Quranic Proverbs in the message of the verses And the performance of some translators, such as Pulāḍāwād, Dehlavi andFeyz al-Islam in Revealing Qur'anic Proverbs. So that we can reach the appropriate and efficient way.

Al-Zamakhshari generally uses the Prophet’s sayings in Al-Kashshaaf Commentary for understanding the meaning of the verse; One of such cases is regarding the literary sciences, which the Syntactical and Morphological Structures can be addressed from its various classes. In this regard, the present article utilizes a Descriptive – Analytical method and a Critical Approach in order to extract the application of the Prophet’s sayings for analyzing the Syntactical and Morphological Structures of the Quranic verses in Al-Kashshaaf Commentary. In the end, upon analysis and evaluation of the perspective of Al-Zamakhshari in this regard, it is concluded that on one hand the sayings cited by Al-Zamakhshari are weak except for the use of the negative Forming “No” (La) in the Syntactical Structure, and then on the other hand application of the sayings was not correct in all cases.

One of the important principles of Al-Zamakhshariin commentary is the use of prophetic Hadiths to study issues such as literary sciences, Quranic sciences, etc., in order to understand the meaning of the verse. Meanwhile it is noteworthy thatZamakhshari used from prophetic Hadiths in 19 cases to explain the meaning of words. In this regard, the present study, based on the analytical-describing method and a critical approach, evaluates four challenging applications in terms of the meaning of the word by analyzing the Zamakhshari's views and then reflects the result of the review of the meaning of the words in the contemporary Persian translations of the Quran. And finally, it has come to the conclusion that in the majority of cases Zamakhshari did not properly use the narratives, and on the other hand, contemporary Persian translations have not been successful in this regard, but in any case, almost the late Ayatollah Meshkini has been more successful than other translators.

Nutrition has been recognized as one of the most important factors affecting cognitive function. Zinc is a micronutrient element, the deficiency of which has irreversible complications in early life and reversible complications in later stages of life. The main objective of this study was to assess the correlation between serum zinc concentrations and cognitive function and educational performance in young girls in art schools.
In this cross-sectional study, 100 students were randomly assessed and their serum zinc status was assessed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique. Intelligence quotient (IQ), memory, and attention were measured using Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and Bonnardel’s accuracy/letter eliminating tests, respectively. Educational performance was assessed using the academic scores average. General linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the effect of serum zinc levels on variation in IQ, memory, attention, and educational scores.
Findings: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of zinc serum level was 105.51 ± 31 µg/dl. The mean ± SD of RPM, WMS, Bonnardel’s accuracy test and Bonnardel’s letter eliminating test scores, and academic scores average were 91.44 ± 11.80, 84.6 ± 11.2, 46.0 ± 0.6, 44.84 ± 5.20, and 14.15 ± 1.80, respectively. A significant positive relationship was detected between serum zinc levels and scores of RPM, WMS, and Bonnardel’s tests (P Serum zinc level has a positive relationship with IQ, memory, and attention in young female students. Thus, education regarding the use of zinc must be considered in order to improve educational performance in young female students.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the important health problems with high incidence in young women. The exact cause of this syndrome is not clear and some theories have been declared from hormonal factors to nutritional disorders.

We investigated the correlation between serum zinc and antioxidant status with PMS.

In this case-control study, forty eight young girls were selected from a total sample of 110 students residing at university dormitories including PMS (n=23) and healthy (n=25) groups based on PMS questionnaire. Dietary intake questionnaire and blood samples were collected from all participants. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and zinc concentrations were also measured.

Serum TAC and zinc concentrations were lower in PMS patients compared with healthy groups (p

This study shows that higher TAC and zinc serum levels are associatedwith lower risk of PMS. PMS cases have more hydrogenated oils than their normalcounterparts

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the important pandemic diseases in different societies. Since the beginning of the epidemic, almost 71 million people have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and about 34 million people have died of HIV. Prevention as the most important method is proposed to deal with the HIV epidemic in the world. Knowledge of AIDS and its transmission routes is an essential step in prevention. This study was designed to assess the epidemiology of HIV and potential risk factors in Mazandaran province.
This descriptive cross-sectional study is related to HIV-positive patients in the Mazandaran province that their information have been reported by the Universities of Medical Sciences and Health Services from 1986 to date 2014/09/23. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Totally, 347 patients with HIV/AIDS in Mazandaran province have been identified, out of which 270 patients (77.81%) were males and 77 (22.19%) were females. In the 25-34 years age group, 130 patients (37.46%) infected with HIV/AIDS that had the highest proportion among the age groups included. According to the statistics obtained, the most common transmission route of HIV was intravenous drug use in Mazandaran province (67.15%).
The results showed that the most common transmission route of HIV is intravenous drug use in Mazandaran province and that continuous training and early detection need to be considered for disease control.

“Patience” in religious teachings is known as one of the basic concepts of faith. The term is used in combination with other derivaties 103 times in Qur’an. That shows the importance of the character ethic of Islam and Qur’an. The term preserving the literal and technical meaning is associated with many religious and ethical concepts. Accordingly, explain the relationship of patience to concepts such as prayer, faith, piety, Islam, certainty, goodness are some of the issues that will be discussed in this article. This artide uses descriptive-analytical ways in an orderly process to identify the term in dictionaries and then analyze and recover the meaning of the patience with a comprehensive out look to the entire taxt of the Qur’an. Checking the meaning of patience in the Qur’an is the centeral issue of this research. Patience in the Qur’an have been accompained with a number of concepts and words such as “piety”, “prayer”, “zakat”, “enjoing good and for bidding the wrong”, “believe”, “Islam”, “certainty”, and “goodness”. The words “Helm” and “Anahi” have a succession relationship with the word “patience”. As the word “patience” has a contrary relationship with words like “hurry” and “onyx” and the examples of the interaction of these tow words can be seen in the Qur’an.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used materials in diverse industrial fields, for this reason most widely produced and Have many technological applications. The human body may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to these nanoparticles. In this study, acute toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the liver enzymes and liver histopathology was evaluated. Fifty female rats with 180-220 grams of weight were divided into five groups, including control, Sham and Three groups with different doses of ZnO nanoparticle (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg twice a week for four weeks). The rats were then sacrificed and cholesterol, triglycerides, totalprotein, albumin and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) were determined and livers were fixed in formalin processed, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin- Eosin. After removal of the tissue, samples digestion and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption; Finally Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Also the most of the Zno nanoparticles absorption on the dose of 100 mg/kg was observed. Histopathological analysis of liver sections showed tissue damage, such as necrosis, congestion and vacuolar degeneration at a dose of 25 mg/ kg andin addition inflammatorycell infiltrationin doses 50 and 100 mg/kg was observed. In Serological studyalso increased serum ALT, AST and ALP Liver enzymes levels. Results of the present study showed the dose-dependent toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles on the liver; therefore exposure to nanoparticles can make serious risks in humans.

Proper nutrition has a significant role in prevention of chronic disease and health promotion. Psychological factors play an important role in making food choices and subsequently dietary habits and in this context, personality is considered as a key factor. The present study was performed with the purpose of determining the correlation between personality traits and dietary habits in female students.
The present research was conducted as a descriptive-correlational study on 224 female students aged 18-30 years in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (2013-2014). Personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) were assessed using NEO Five-Factor Inventory and dietary habits were were assessed by a dietary habits questionnaire containing 20 questions about dietary habits. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression test. The significance level was considered to be p In this study, high neuroticism and openness were correlated with low score of dietary habits (p The results of this study revealed that neuroticism and openness are correlated with unhealthy dietary habits, and conscientiousness is correlated with healthy dietary habits. Therefore, appropriate nutritional educations based on the personality traits of students are recommended to modify dietary patterns and prevent chronic diseases.

There are verses in the Holy Quran with similar structure in which chronological style is employed carrying a special aim. By take a precise look at Majma ol Bayan, Al mizan and Namone, this issue will be clear that they have different views in dealing with such verses. Al mizan interpretation has a better approach in responding to such verses. Namone wins the second while it was seen no special attempt on behalf of Majma ol Bayan in tgis regard in the way that it just relies on examining the similarity of these verses. The present study which is a descriptive and analytical one, while criticizing this weakness of Majma ol Bayan, proves that all verses descended in chronological manner has their own unique reason and logic in the way that not all can be interpreted in the same way due to the lack of any repetition in Quran which result in fun and entertainment.