رضا حسینی

Cancer is one of the most lethal and challenging diseases globally. Due to its increasing prevalence, significant attention has been directed towards identifying preventive factors for this disease. Diet plays a crucial role in cancer prevention, and accumulating scientific evidence suggests that seafood consumption can be an effective preventive factor in reducing the risk of various cancers, including breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancer. Seafood, especially fish, is a rich source of bioactive compounds essential for human health. Omega-3 fatty acids (such as DHA and EPA), vitamin D, selenium, and antioxidants present in these foods are chemical compounds that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and reduce the risk of cancer by decreasing inflammation and strengthening the immune system. However, study results indicate that the impact of seafood consumption on cancer prevention is definitively dependent on factors such as the type of food, its quality, cooking methods, and even the individual's genetic conditions. For instance, frying fish can reduce its protective effects, while healthier cooking methods such as steaming and grilling can preserve its beneficial properties. Despite abundant evidence supporting the beneficial effects of seafood in cancer prevention, there is a need for more research and long-term studies to better understand the biological mechanisms and long-term impacts of these foods. Additionally, analyzing the effects of seafood consumption in different population groups and under various geographical and cultural conditions can contribute to a better understanding of this relationship. Ultimately, this article concludes that consuming seafood, especially fish, can be considered an effective strategy for reducing the risk of cancer. However, it is recommended that this consumption be done in moderation and with the use of healthy cooking methods to maximize the benefits.

In order to study plant bugs fauna, investigations were carried out during 2021-2023 in hazelnut orchards in Guilan province, Iran. Insect samples were collected by using an insect net by hitting the branches of hazelnut trees and sweeping the host plants grown at the base of hazelnut trees in hazelnut orchards. A total of 23 species from the subfamilies Mirinae (13 species), Orthotylinae (5 species), Phylinae (3 species) and Deraeocorinae (2 species) were collected and identified. Among collected species, 9 species are herbivores (39%), 12 species predators (52%), and 2 species have dual predator/herbivory behavior (9%). The following identified species has been listed based on subfamilies. They are reported for the first time from the hazelnut orchards of Guilan province. In order to facilitate the identifications, a brief description and digital images of the dorsal habitus of each species were prepared. This study has been conducted for the first time in Iran’s hazelnut cultivation areas.Deraeocorinae Douglas & Scott, 1865: Deraeocoris (Knightocapsus) lutescens (Schilling, 1837), Deraeocoris (Camptobrochis) serenus (Douglas & Scott, 1868), Mirinae Hahn, 1833: Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze, 1778), Adelphocoris ticinensis (Meyer-Dür, 1843), Charagochilus gyllenhali (Fallén, 1807), Closterotomus costae (Reuter, 1888), Megaloceroea recticornis (Geoffroy, 1785), Mermitelocerus schmidtii (Fieber, 1836), Miris persicus (Reuter 1876), Phytocoris (Ktenocoris) varipes Boheman, 1852, Phytocoris (Ktenocoris) insignis Reuter, 1876, Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) scitulus scitulus Reuter, 1908, Stenodema (Brachystira) calcarata (Fallén, 1807), Stenodema (Stenodema) laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758), Stenotus binotatus (Fabricius, 1794), Orthotylinae Van Duzee, 1916: Globiceps (Globiceps) coryli Putshkov, 1970, Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fallén, 1807), Blepharidopterus diaphanus (Kirschbaum, 1856), Malacocoris chlorizans (Panzer, 1794), Reuteria kiritshenkoi Muminov, 1964, Phylinae Douglas & Scott, 1865: Orthonotus rufifrons (Fallén, 1807), Pilophorus confusus (Kirschbaum, 1856), Plagiognathus (Plagiognathus) fulvipennis (Kirschbaum, 1856).

Leptus (Leptus) molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) was collected as an ectoparasite on Ophion sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Paederus fuscipes Curtis, 1826 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Cicadella viridis (L. 1758) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Peritrechus sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae); the ectoparasitic mite, Solistrus mitrae Saboori, Ueckermann & van Harten, 2008 was also found on an undetermined ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Guilan province, Iran. Additional morphometric data for L. (L.) molochinus larvae are provided. Solistrus mitrae is reported for the second time in the world. Ophion sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), P. fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), C. viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Peritrechus sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are recorded as new host taxa for L. (L.) molochinus and unknown ant species is new host for S. mitrae.

Along with the rapid development of nanomaterials technologies, zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used in various aspects of human life. In this study, the histological changes of the kidney structure in the presence of thiamin were evaluated against the administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice. 20 adult male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. The first group, the control group; the second group, thiamine group (30 mg/kg of body weight); The third group, the group of zinc oxide nanoparticles (50 mg/kg of body weight) and the fourth group, the group of zinc oxide nanoparticles together with thiamine were considered. All injections were done intraperitoneally and all the conditions of animal rights were observed. At the end of the experiment, animal blood was taken to use the serum for biochemical tests and kidney tissue samples were taken to continue the slide preparation process. The results showed that obvious histological changes could be seen in the group of nanoparticles. Blood glucose and HDL showed a significant decrease in the nanoparticles group compared to the control group. On the other hand, cholesterol, LDL, BUN and creatinine showed a significant increase in the nanoparticles group compared to the control group. The simultaneous injection of nanoparticles with thiamine had reduced the tissue and biochemical changes largely. Thiamine can control the harmful effects of high dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles on all rats.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of institutional ownership, financial leverage and liquidity on tax avoidance with the moderating role of company size in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a sample of 97 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected between 2017-2023. The information was collected by using the data available in Rahvard Navin software and reviewing the reports and financial statements of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange by referring to the official website of the Tehran Stock Exchange; And tests have been done using panel data econometric software. The results show: company size has a significant negative effect on the relationship between institutional ownership and tax avoidance. Also, company size has a significant negative effect on the relationship between liquidity and tax avoidance. The relationship between company size in the relationship between financial leverage and tax avoidance is significant and positive.

Tax avoidance is legal behavior; That is, economic agents try to reduce their tax debt by using loopholes in the tax law and revision in their economic decisions. Paying taxes causes the cash flow of the company to go out. For this reason, investing in tax plans has always been in the focus of company managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of institutional ownership, financial leverage and liquidity on tax avoidance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a sample of 97 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2017-2023 was selected. The information was collected by using the data available in Rahvard Navin software and reviewing the reports and financial statements of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange by referring to the official website of the Tehran Stock Exchange; And tests have been done using panel data econometric software. The results show: institutional ownership and liquidity have a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. But financial leverage has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance.

The aim of this study is the effect of the expertise of the board of directors and audit fees on profit management with regard to the moderating role of sales growth in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The statistical sample includes 133 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, which were active in the period of 2017-2023. The statistical method of this research is multivariate regression. Eviews version 10 software was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the research indicate that the audit fee has a positive and significant effect on profit management, and the expertise of the board of directors has a positive and significant effect on profit management, and the remuneration of the CEO, the audit fee and the expertise of the board of directors have a moderating role on profit management. Sales growth has a positive and significant effect.

During 2023, samples of leaves and branches of lilac persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) infested with broad mites (Tarsonemidae) were collected from Rasht city, Guilan province. After preparation of microscopic slide from mite specimens, they were identified using reliable taxonomic references. Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) was identified for the first time from Guilan province on lilac persimmon. The damage symptoms of this pest mite were observed in the form of deformity, curling, darkness, and thickening of leaves and deformity of branches and buds. The damage of this pest is severe on the branches and young leaves. This is the first report of the presence of yellow broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) on lilac persimmon in Iran. The following predator mites were also collected and identified in association with this pest mite on lilac persimmon.
Mesostigmata, Phytoseiidae: Euseius stipulatus (Athias–Henriot, 1960), Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes, 1948, Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876), Transeius wainsteini (Gomelauri, 1968); Prostigmata, Cunaxidae: Lupaeus martini (Den Heyer, 1981); Trombidiidae:  Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing, 1917.

Damsel bugs (Hemiptera, Nabidae) are predatory insects belonging to the order of Hemiptera. During the spring-summer of 2021–2022, nabid specimens were collected from Guilan province and adjacent areas. In this study, three species (four subspecies) belonging to two genera were collected and identified: Himacerus mirmicoides (O.Costa, 1834); Nabis viridulus Spinola, 1837; Nabis pseudoferus pseudoferus Remane, 1949 and Nabis pseudoferus orientarius Remane, 1962, furthermore, four species (four subspecies) belonging to two genera were examined from the insect collection of the Natural History Museum of the University of Guilan (UGNHM) including Himacerus major (A.Costa, 1842); Nabis pseudoferus transcaspicus Remane, 1962; Nabis punctatus punctatus A.Costa, 1847 and Nabis capsiformis Germar, 1838. In this paper, based on the morphological characteristics and genitalia of males, brief diagnostic descriptions, illustrated identification key and digital images of species habitus were provided to facilitate the identification of Nabidae of Guilan province and its adjacent areas.

Today, due to the harms such as the increase in the possibility of heart and carcinogenic risks and the occurrence of stomach problems that artificial food additives have for the body, attention is paid to antimicrobial compounds of plant and animal origin that cause microbial and chemical control and increase the shelf life of food. is an increase. Essences, extracts, and medicinal and edible plants due to their antimicrobial compounds, prevent the growth of pathogenic pathogens and delay the growth of spoilage agents in food, as well as food additives, have received the attention of the food and packaging industry today. The need for antibiotics, controlling the microbial contamination of foods, developing technologies to improve shelf life, removing undesirable pathogens and delaying microbial spoilage, and reducing the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms or increasing cell resistance are some of the benefits of these natural antimicrobials. The use of microencapsulation technology is one of the new methods for increasing the antimicrobial and antioxidant performance of extracts, which helps to increase their performance.

In this research, an HPLC device was used to identify the transferred phenolic compounds of rosemary. Also, with the MIC and MBC tests of rosemary essential oil, its antimicrobial ability was checked. Rosemary essential oil was prepared in the form of microcapsules with maltodextrin/modified starch by spray drying and freeze-drying methods with and without ultrasound. Microcapsule tests including morphological characteristics, entrapment percentage, release percentage, particle size, and properties of rosemary binding to maltodextrin/modified starch microcapsules were investigated. The design was done completely randomly and in three replications. The results of the tests were analyzed using Minitab 16 software at the probability level of 95%.

The results showed that the treatments of microcapsules prepared by freeze-drying and ultrasound had uniform morphological characteristics, smaller particle size, and larger particle size. The size range of microcapsules ranged from 95 μm to 119.2 μm and the polydispersity index was observed from 0.360 to 0.443 between microcapsules treatments. However, the microcapsule treatments prepared by the spray drying method without ultrasound had the highest particle size and the lowest entrapment and release percentage. In terms of the type of bonds created between maltodextrin, modified starch, and rosemary, no significant differences were observed in any of the methods (p>0.05). Total resulting. Finally, microcapsule treatment prepared by freeze-drying method and ultrasound was selected as the optimal treatment. This ratio can be used as an optimal mode in the food industry as an antimicrobial and antioxidant microcapsule.

Distribution of Harmonia axyridis as an invasive predator, newly appeared in Iran, was investigted in northern provinces of Iran. Some biological and morphological traits were studied, including color morphs, sex ratio, and adults body length. Samples were collected from four regions in north and east-north of Iran as well as two generations of Rasht population to assess the effect of geographical location and insect’s generation. Reproductive potential of females of two main color morphs (melanic and non-melanic) was also investigated in overwintering and summer generations. Sampling were succesful in Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and North Khorasan. Proportion of melanic individuals in Heyran, Shaft, Bojnourd, Rasht (overwintering population), and Rasht (spring population) was 11.51, 12.64, 10.57, 12.17, and 11.63, respectively. Sex ratios ranged from 38 to 44% showing no difference among the obovevmentioned populations. Mean length of adult insect body in individuals from Bojnord (6.57±0.029 mm) was larger than others. There was no difference between females of the two main color morphs in terms of oviposition potential. However, overwintering females laid significantly more eggs than summer females, regardless of color morphs. This study confirmed progress of H. axyridis distribution towards new areas. Moreover, it was indicated that sampling location and generation have no effect on color morphs ratio in newly invaded areas, and oviposition rate cannot be a regulating factor for color morphs ratio in next generation.

In the spring of 2023, a severe damage of eriophyid mites was observed on the privet shrubs in Rasht city, Iran. The damage symptoms include deformity of terminal buds, browning of leaves, rusting of leaves surface, severe leaf twisting, spooning of leaves, and reducing of plant growth. So far, two species of eriophyid mites associated with privet shrubs, namely Aculus ligustri (Keifer) and Aceria ligustri (Keifer) have been reported from Guilan province, Northern Iran. In the recent survey, it was found that both species are present together on the hedge privet and cause similar damage. These eriophyid mites damage to two abundant species of privet in Guilan province, including common or hedge privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) and local privet or Mandarche (Ligustrum vulgare). These mites overwinter in the form of deutogyne female inside the buds of privet and lay eggs in the buds at the end of winter, then spring form of mites or protogynes are transferred to the leaves. The activity of the mite on privet starts from early spring and continues until summer. In order to control mites damage, it needs to apply the necessary control measures in early spring at the same time that mites move from buds to leaves, otherwise, the severe mite damage occurs in form of deformity and plant growth decrease, especially in privet hedge shrubs.

Literature has always been a beacon of a path for Iranian-Islamic art, and among the arts, Iranian painting is most influenced and indebted to the literary order. Many books such as Khamseh Tahmasebi are the product of the synchronicity of Iranian poetry and painting, which has given it a multidimensional property. In this research, an attempt has been made to deal with the category of love in the story of Khosrow and Shirin from another perspective, and the inner meaning of love has been achieved through the form of Shirin’s poetry and drawing in Cheshmehsar. The purpose of this study is to identify and introduce the theme of confrontation and emphasize its centrality as the main component of love in poetry and sweet drawing in Cheshmehsar. The main question is: the encounter in poetry And how did the Sweet painting appear in Cheshmehsar? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and comparative with the approach of termite theory and data collection has been done using library-documentary sources. As result, this research indicates that in poetry, the basis of contrast is expressed in structural and lexical elements as well as in different dimensions of characters, furthermore, in an intertextual relationship in the image, the contrast element is obtained from the connection of contrasting visual and visual elements. So that in the field of pictorial elements, which itself consists of background elements, human, animal, solid, and vegetable, the most important aspect of the contrast between the example role played by the artist (state and form of figures, transtemporal and transcendental objects and the location of elements) and form of the forms are revealed. This state is well seen in the figure of Shabdiz, which is a symbolic expression of the widespread presence of love on the stage. Also, in the field of visual elements, the theme of love is the result of using contrasting structures in color, texture, line, surface, and volume, which is the most tangible contrast between the abstract face and the real face of elements such as the texture of rocks or the dark color of springs and sky. Golden, obtained. In addition, the contrast in poetry and imagery based on transsexuality is such that the intertextuality relationship is explicitly and implicitly, the intertextuality relationship between drawing and painting of Tabriz II, and the intertextuality relationship in various symbolic effects, including the establishment of solid and vegetative elements. Animal and human moods, created with the help of subtle colors and textures, translate a visual image beyond military poetry or like sweet faces and moods that differ from the military description of the beauty of this Armenian prince. Shabdiz’s verse, which, unlike military poems, emphasizes internal-external confrontation, is also visible.

In order to investigate on fauna of Corixidae family in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, specimens were collected randomly by sweeping net and light trap in various freshwater habitats ranging from lakes, rivers, streams, paddy fields, and irrigation channels during 2021-2022. The specimens were identified using valid taxonomic identification keys. In this study, totally, six species were collected and identified. Species which are reported for the first time from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces are marked by an asterisk. Identified species are listed as follows:Corixa affinis Leach, 1817, Corixa punctata (Illiger, 1807)*, Hesperocorixa linnaei (Fieber, 1848)*, Sigara nigrolineata nigrolineata (Fieber, 1848)*, Sigara striata (Linnaeus, 1758) *, Sigara lateralis (Leach, 1817)An identification key was also provided for genera and species reported from these provinces.

The main purpose of this study is to study the typology of managers' perceptual characteristics of the quality of independent audit services and its practical purpose is to provide appropriate suggestions and solutions to managers to better understand independent auditing services. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Using the meta-combined qualitative analysis method, the indicators are extracted from previous articles and studies and of the 82 articles obtained, 42 final articles were used to examine the effective factors of the typology of managers' perceptual characteristics of the quality of independent audit services. The content of the design was analyzed by categorizing the indices and performing Shannon entropy, the main indicators were identified and the importance of each indicator was determined. It should be noted that the analysis of research data in the qualitative phase was performed with MaxQDA software. Of the 417 articles found, 55 were reviewed. Based on the research findings, 7 main categories and 74 sub-categories (code) were extracted from the texts of previous articles using meta-combined qualitative analysis method. The main categories extracted are: Management factors, Corporate factors, Technical features, Reliable audit process, Company and industry knowledge, Easy to trade and negotiate, and social characteristics.

The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot has been used as importation from abroad or rearing in the laboratory and greenhouse in Iran. This predatory mite has been used for biological control of spider mites in greenhouses and fields. Due to the special thermal and humidity requirements of this mite, including temperature between 17-28˚C and relative humidity between 40-70%, the presence of this mite in natural conditions of Iran has not been reported so far. In the study of the fauna of mites associated with peanut in Astaneh-ye-Ashrafieh vicinity in Guilan province, a few specimens of this predatory mite were collected on peanut plants infected with the two spotted spider mites. After preparing microscopic slide and examining it under the microscope, the species of predator mite was identified as P. persimilis. This is the first report of the natural establishment of the predatory mite P. persimilis in Iran.