رضا صدرآبای حقیقی

In order to study effect of deficit irrigation and cultivar on yield and yield components of soybean, a field ‎experiment was conducted at the Ordukhan Agricultural Research Center, Heart Province-Afghanistan ‎‎(Geographical longitude: 62°11'29" east and geographical latitude: 34°20'35" north) during the cropping ‎season 2017-2018. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete ‎block design with three replications. Deficit irrigation with three levels (70 (no stress), 90 (moderate stress) and ‎‎110 (severe stress) mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan) were considered as main plots and ‎cultivars with four levels (Glway, Stine, Hong and LD04) were allocated as sub plots. Analysis of variance ‎showed that the deficit irrigation had significant effect on number of pods per plant, number of grains per ‎pod, 100 grains weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index The effect of cultivar on all traits and ‎the effect of interaction between two factors on 100 grains weight were significant. The results showed that ‎the deficit irrigation at 110 mm evaporation (severe stress) cased of significantly reduced of all traits. The ‎lowest number of pods per plant (109.8 pods), number of grains per pod (2.4 grains), 100 grains weight ‎‎(15.27g), biological yield (7363 kg/ha), grain yield (2899 kg/ha) and harvest index (35.5%) were obtained in ‎‎110 mm evaporation. The means of traits at 70 mm (no stress) and 90 mm (moderate stress) evaporation had ‎no significant difference. The LD04 cultivar had the highest grain yield (3793 kg/ha), because this cultivar had ‎optimum yield components. Simple correlation coefficient of traits showed that the grain yield had positive ‎significant correlation with biological yield, number of pods per plant, plant height, number of grains per pod. ‎Based on, these results deficit irrigation up to 90 mm evaporation can be considered.‎

In order to study the effect of two factors of irrigation deficit (drought stress) and superabsorbent polymer ‎application on morphological characteristics, plant yield and yield components of green bean, two experiments ‎were conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in greenhouse conditions in ‎Educational- Research Greenhouse, Faculty of Agricultural, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, ‎Mashhad, Iran during in cropping season 2017-2018. In both experiments: experimental factors were included, ‎superabsorbent polymer in 4 levels (0, 3, 5 and 7 g per kg of soil) and irrigation deficit in 4 levels (20, 40, 60 and ‎‎80 % decrease of soil water weight based on Field Capacity). In the first experiment 3 and in the second ‎experiment, 6 replications were considered. The results of analysis of variance showed that in the first ‎experiment, effect of irrigation deficit, superabsorbent polymer and interaction between two factors had ‎significant effect on the plant height, number of leaf, fresh and dry weight of plant, leaf area, number of pod ‎per plant and fresh pod weight. In the second experiment, effect of irrigation deficit and superabsorbent ‎polymer on number pod per plant, number of grain per pod, grain yield per plant and biomass were significant. ‎But, in the second experiment, interaction between to factors had only significant effect on number of pod per ‎plant, grain weight per plant and biomass. In both experiments, means comparison under the influence of ‎irrigation deficit and superabsorbent polymer showed that with decreasing of 40% moisture from field capacity, ‎all traits were decreased. In general, the results of this study showed that application of superabsorbent polymer ‎caused of decreases the negative effects of drought stress.‎