رضا علیزاده ممقانی

There are two kinds of moralities in the field of technology respectfully called pre-technological and post-technological moralities. It is argued in this paper that these two cases are related to the domain of public morality of creators, craftsmen, actors and users of technologies. Some intellectual tests are presented showing the refusal of direct entry of morality into the sphere of technology, connecting it to the domain of public morality of all actors. This analysis will come to two conclusions, according to one of which morality is a priori and according to the other it is a posteriori to the technology that has already laid in its value and ideological aspects and will be established afterwards. Based on this analysis, there is a kind of indeterminacy in post-technological morality arising from the complexities of the function. The domain of this indeterminacy can even be expanded to pre-technological morality and this is what renders the duty of morality in technology unclear and almost suspended. This conclusion can be used as evidence to the contention that technology lacks the essence which Heidegger attributed to it. However, the solution to any crisis arising from technology, including moral crisis, is still what he suggested.

This essay aims to introduce and compare two main approaches in philosophy of science. The first approach, which claims to be the main philosophy of science is still the main stream view of the analytic philosophy of science. However the continental approach to philosophy of science has moved in parallel fashion with analytic philosophy, however, in a completely different framework and often in contradiction to the former. In this study, while presenting general definition of continental philosophy of science, which is somehow new expression in this domain analytic and continental approaches will be compared.

Philosophical attitudes of early and later Martin Heidegger regards to the relation of science and technology is the case study of this article. The order of work is as follows, first of all there is a general review of Heidegger’s ideas about the relation of science and technology and then interpretation of Ihde _ a post Heideggerian philosopher of technology_ regards to the Heidegger’s philosophy is presented which is completed by Lyn White’s story of middle ages technology. At last the approach of Heidegger-Ihde is analyzed and article is concluded by a critical point to them.

Explanation is one of the main purposes of scientific research thatphilosophers of science have paid attention on it. Inference to the BestExplanation (I.B.E) is one the explanation models for this aim. Here,firstly, a detailed account of I.B.E model is presented, accompanying witha few critical explications on it; secondly, we take a realistic approachtowards the topic in question; finally, we propose an epistemologicalsummary and solution to the problem

In the present article, at first, some similarities between "causation" and the principle of causal determinism in classical physics and Islamic philosophy will be discussed. Then, the author tries to show how the above concepts are criticized in both epistemic fields by the relevant sciences, i.e. modern physics and Islamic kalam.

In the present article, the author, at first, mentions important and well-known movements in philosophy of science which have appeared through definition of their position toward, and relevance to, metaphysics, i.e. the movement negating metaphysics, the movement claiming for separation between science and metaphysics, and the movement which accepts independence of the two from each other, but regards relation between the two as well as remarkable capacities in both fields as being possible. The present article is to provide an actual pattern to prove the third approach; and through study of some ideas of Augustine, shows traces of scientific categories in his theological ideas.