رضا میرزایی

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Monotheistic cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing aggression in adolescents in Adel Abad Prison, Shiraz. In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, 30 juvenile prisoners with the crime of assault or murder were selected purposefully and conveniently and randomly divided into two groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of monotheistic cognitive-behavioral therapy, and the control group did not receive therapy. All participants completed an aggression questionnaire before and after treatment. Using analysis of covariance, it was found that treatment resulted in a reduction in aggression in adolescents in the experimental group compared to the control group. It is recommended that, in addition to providing a separate prison for juveniles and having psychologists on staff, integrative cognitive-behavioral therapy be used around the clock to reduce aggression and other mental problems in juveniles and other individuals working in prison.

The educational teachings of the Quran are not only multi-dimensional in terms of subject matter, but also include various social conditions in order to be effective. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze that group of Quranic teachings, not paying attention to them caused the social and economic problems to become more severe during the Corona epidemic crisis. These verses are evaluated in the context of interpretations of Islamic Denominations. The research method is descriptive-analytical. This article is based on the information collected from the text of the Quran and using subject lists and Quran research software. The findings were organized in three areas: social relations, public health and healthy economy. In general, the Shiite interpretations have an explanatory and justifiable insight into the teachings of the Quran and have tried to explain the rational and scientific reasons for these rulings, and the Sunni interpretations have tried to introduce these rulings to Muslims with a clear and obvious classification. The most important things in the Holy Quran to contain crises like the Corona epidemic are prior preparation, respect for human rights, and individual and collective health.

One of the issues that has gained the attention of many researchers today is the use of daylight in office buildings to enhance the productivity of natural lighting. Considering the impact of environmental conditions on buildings, the characteristics of the built environment also significantly affect the occupants of the space. Daylight is considered one of the most effective components of environmental design, having numerous visual and non-visual effects on users. The aim of this research is to evaluate the use of optimal daylighting pattern in order to receive desirable daylight and its impact on satisfaction with the quality of the environment and the psychological perceptions of employees. The research methodology of this study was descriptive and analytical. For simulation and optimization, Rhino, Grasshopper, Ladybug, Honeybee software, and genetic algorithms were utilized. In this study, 76 employees in the administrative building of Kerman were examined and evaluated in two stages: before and after environmental changes. To evaluate and analyze the questionnaire data, paired t-tests were conducted using SPSS 26. The results of comparing data collected from questionnaires before (current situation) and after (optimized daylight distribution pattern installed on glass) changes showed that satisfaction with the quality of the environment increased by 47%, positive feelings increased by 35%, and negative feelings decreased by 28% (psychological perceptions). It can be stated that optimizing the pattern of daylight distribution (shabak skylight) not only increases the level of useful daylight and reduces glare, but also has a positive impact on improving satisfaction with the work environment and psychological perceptions. The results of this study can be used in employing these elements in line with contemporary architecture to optimize and enhance the use of daylight and its impact on satisfaction with the quality of the environment, mental health, and psychological perceptions of employees, paving the way for designers and builders.

With the increasing elderly population in the world and Iran, improving their quality of life is of great importance. Residential satisfaction is a key factor in enhancing the quality of life for the elderly, influenced by factors such as the physical environment, healthcare services, social support, social and recreational activities, and physical and mental health, which have varying impacts in different urban contexts. The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting residential satisfaction among elderly residents in the central and developed urban areas of Bojnord in the year 2024.

The present study employs a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were converted into a 38-item questionnaire. In the quantitative section, a causal-comparative method was used to examine the impact of two types of urban contexts (central and developed) on the residential satisfaction of 120 elderly residents. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, and data analysis was performed using SPSS. The normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and both parametric and non-parametric tests were used for analysis. The significance level for all tests was set at 0.05.

This study, by examining elderly residents (53.3% women and 46.7% men) in two urban contexts of Bojnord, found that satisfaction with the physical environment and physical-mental health was significantly higher in the central area compared to the developed area. However, differences in healthcare services, social support, and recreational activities were not significant. Friedman analysis showed that the physical environment and physical-mental health had the highest priority, while social-recreational activities had the lowest priority in both urban contexts.

he results of the study show that elderly residents in the central area of Bojnord have a better sense of satisfaction with the physical environment and physical-mental health compared to those in the developed area. Additionally, in both environments, they give the highest priority to the quality of the physical environment and their physical-mental health.

Life on Earth has continued because of the fact that there are species at every level of animals, able to exist with the neighboring climate ecological climate. Darwin's findings show that it is the dominant genes that allow your taboo in the process of life. However, nature has no desire to support weakness and continues to be prepared to be rewarded. This article has been researched based on quantitative climatological information located in Naqanj village. Naqan settlement is located in the easternmost area of the central part of Birjand city in South Khorasan province in the foothills of the soaring heights and Sardir Gino.Research method of this research in terms of purpose, theoretical-applied; Field; The nature and method are descriptive-documentary and analytical illustrated studies taken from the book Culture and Architecture of the village (Case study of Naqanj village) (Hosseini, Culture and architecture of the village (Case study of Naqanj village), 1399). There is a library, online, and navigation and sightseeing in the village of Naqanj.The method of analysis in this study was quantitative and qualitative and based on two quantifying indices of Dumarten and physiological index of the body. The body has an average of three months of the year with thermal comfort, four months of temperature between cold and very cold, one month of the hot year, one month of the cold year and three months of the year very cold. The findings show that the hottest and coldest months of the year were July and January, respectively. The findings confirm that based on climatic ecology in the construction of buildings in this village and other villages and towns in the same area, almost cold weather conditions are considered.

The physical and environmental characteristics of hospital spaces play a crucial role in influencing patient stress levels, particularly before and after surgery. This study aims to examine the impact of architectural elements in hospital environments on reducing stress among surgical patients, contributing to the enhancement of healthcare environments and patient well-being.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the general surgery department of Razi Hospital. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to patients before and after surgery. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using Smart PLS 3 software, and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Among male patients, sensory elements had the greatest effect on reducing stress before surgery, while form-based elements had the least impact. After surgery, sensory elements remained the most influential, whereas spatial configuration had the least effect. Among female patients, symbolic components (e.g., cultural and religious symbols) had the most significant impact before and after surgery, while form-based elements had the least influence.

The gender of patients and the physical design of hospital spaces significantly influence stress reduction among surgical patients. Designing hospital environments with calming elements such as soothing colors, natural light reflections, relaxing sounds, pleasant scents, and culturally relevant symbols can enhance the overall patient experience and improve recovery outcomes.

Moaz Al-Junaid is a Yemeni poet and one of the symbols of contemporary Yemeni poetry. He played an active role in the popular resistance since the Saudi coalition’s aggression against Yemen in 2015 until now. He used poetry as a weapon to defend his people and a means of expressing his suffering and pain, as his poems are characterized by frankness, directness, and vitality. Al-Junaid was interested in the issues of the Yemeni homeland and had a major, active, and effective role in arousing enthusiasm and encouraging souls to struggle in the face of enemies and occupiers. This study seeks to shed light on the poetry of Moaz Al-Junaid on the "X" (formerly Twitter) platform and focus on the most important themes of resistance and its elements in his poetry according to the descriptive and analytical approach. Among the most prominent findings of the article is that the poet employed technical poetic experience in all its forms, and benefited from social media in publishing and creating an aesthetic impact. For the recipient/follower, in terms of the themes of his poetry, the poet pushed his poetic experience to serve his country, defend it, defend the Palestinian cause, and condemn the war and occupation in all its forms via the information network because it helps him communicate better with his audience and speak on behalf of Yemen and its people .

"Yasin Dhirir" is a narrator whose specific trustworthiness has not been explicitly confirmed in the major works of rijal (the study of narrators), leading some to question the validity of his narrations, especially in crucial jurisprudential matters such as "defining the boundaries of tawaf," "judgment based on nukul (refusal)," and "exceptions to the prohibition of riba (usury)." While certain scholars, such as Mamqani, Muhaddith Nuri, and Seyyed Musa Shubayri Zanjani, have pointed to general indicators of trustworthiness that could apply to Yasin Dhirir, there remains ambiguity regarding the foundations of his credibility and the authenticity of his narrative legacy in the context of Imami scholarship. The lack of a comprehensive and unified study that critically assesses all the valid aspects related to Yasin Dhirir's reliability has left scholars with unanswered questions. This research seeks to address these gaps by analyzing the trustworthiness and narrative contributions of Yasin Dhirir in light of both general and specific evaluations by Imami scholars. By reviewing certain general indicators of trustworthiness and applying them to Yasin Dhirir, one can potentially affirm his reliability. However, in cases where these general indicators are not accepted, a critical examination of how early scholars treated his narratives in significant legal matters suggests that if Yasin Dhirir appears in the chain of narration, and the other narrators are verified as reliable, the hadith can be considered credible, and legal rulings can be based on it. This study aims to explore the criteria for determining Yasin Dhirir's trustworthiness and the reliability of his narrative legacy through a comparative lens, examining the perspectives of Imami scholars. This analysis is achieved by describing and evaluating the rijal entries on Yasin Dhirir, relying on library research methods. The result is a comparative assessment of the foundations of his trustworthiness and an evaluation of his narrative contributions, based on how early scholars approached his reports.

native architecture; It is an architecture that has given an appropriate answer to the needs of man, in relation to himself, society, the surrounding world and nature (basic needs) and has not occurred due to a specific event, in a specific time frame, it is a human-oriented architecture and based on his identity, It is formed as a dynamic movement over time. In fact, past architecture has crystallized typological values in the concept of type and transferred it. The architect has created a link between the present and the past through the concept of type and acting based on it. This link has become a chain of interconnected links that have evolved throughout history. What is being built in the present is a link of that chain. To act correctly and appropriately in the present tense, one must read the links of a chain. The starting point of this chain is a kind of base. In general, Iran's architecture of yesterday was valuable and proud; He gave honor to the soil, and he left behind the dignity of efficiency, reliability and beauty to man, and he thought of the sublime. Today, by examining the surrounding world, a certain regularity can be seen in the complex system of nature and human mind, which is necessary to establish order and balance in life. Therefore, decision-making in different situations is required to simplify complexities from a mental point of view and to find some kind of regularity in order and disorder in order to identify and remember patterns that lead to the conscious discovery of design patterns. Christopher Alexander first took an effective step in this field by proposing the theory of pattern language, but today, despite the design of several patterns based on Alexander's intuitive knowledge, some thinkers have not yet paid attention to this topic of architecture. According to Alexander, all the buildings that have been built so far, whether traditional or modern, all of them take their shape from the languages that their builders use; And it is the language that gives meaning and concept to the structure and saves it from the resulting anonymity.The native architecture of Iran has an ancient history. In every corner of it, buildings with different architectures can be seen, which at the same time have something in common, this feature has made them need to be investigated. Today's architecture is the result of our neglecting the physical conditions of the residents and past experiences and importing western architecture without localization. The continuation of this current will intensify the priority of aesthetics over comfort and will gradually increase the use of fossil energies and destroy our identity. Therefore, the present article aims to analyze the theoretical field of the researches conducted in the field of native architectural patterns, to meta-analyze the studies conducted in this regard. Considering that native architecture in different societies can have different meanings and types of factors and patterns, therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to make a theoretical summary in the field of factors in the analysis. The statistical population is 61 articles (31 domestic articles and 30 foreign articles) in the period from 1390 to 1402. The collection of data from the articles was based on the Prisma protocol, which was adapted to the opinion of experts. After a systematic review of the articles, meta-analysis method and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Also, after the inferential analysis of the data through the funnel plot, the linear regression method if, the diffusion error and the Q test of heterogeneity, using the linear regression and multivariate regression methods, first the relationship between each independent variable and then all the independent variables in different dimensions with The dependent variable, i.e. native architectural patterns, was evaluated. The findings of the research show that among all the variables in the studies, the dependence of the building shape on the climate is the most effective variable on the local architectural pattern, followed by the variables of the flexibility of the space for multiple functions in all seasons of using local materials. And the amount of radiation and temperature has the greatest effect on the native architecture pattern.

In the last few decades, we have been faced with the collapse and inefficiency of commercial centers, and one of the causes of the stagnation of these spaces is the lack of attention to the relationship between humans and the environment, which causes the creation of a stable and lively place. Ecological science", investigating the complex interactions of the behavioral environment has become one of the important topics of postmodern currents in architecture and urban planning. This interdisciplinary field considers the environment as a container for collective actions and behaviors in order to deal with the domination of quantitative and metric view in evaluating the human-made environment. According to Roger Barker's ecological psychology, the human-made environment has separate physical and behavioral structures that form a unit in connection with each other and is called "field" or "behavioral headquarters". Therefore, the study of environmental behaviors can be the basis for analyzing and predicting how the environment works. The stronger the compatibility of the behavior environment, which he called "synomorphy", the space will have higher capabilities and efficiency. Among the various collective behavioral centers, markets and shopping centers are rich and attractive for the study of environmental behaviors due to the fact that they form an important territory of daily life. Dealing with the functional decline of local-historical markets as a collective location that is deeply connected with daily behavioral patterns, requires adopting an ecological approach and investigating the links between environment and behavior. The market is one of the most important parts of the structure of the Iranian city in cultural and historical cities, which, in addition to influencing the overall structure of the city and the formation of neighborhoods, is one of the important manifestations of valuable and public identity architecture, and throughout history, it has always been one of It is considered to be one of the most important areas of common interactions in civil life. Due to the existing values in the social and cultural structure, the markets have been less affected during the modernist movements in architecture and urban planning, and their continued activity as the main pole of the city's trade shows its important position in public belief. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mutual influence of the body on the behavior of users, which causes the creation of a stable behavioral environment, and in order to achieve this goal, the historical market of Kerman, which has maintained its vitality after several centuries and is still It is known as a dynamic behavioral site. The current research is a descriptive and analytical type that the researcher uses a qualitative research method to explain the body component through library studies and systematic observation and episodic interview and finally entering the data into the Atlas t software with the help of the grounded theory method. The research results show that the body supports the current events in the market of Kerman, which means that the co-construction of the body and behavior (cynomorph) is established in the historical market of Kerman, and as a result, it is one of its physical components. Power is used as the design principles of new commercial centers in Kerman.

In the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the factors affecting architecture and urban development in the First Pahlavi period and to analyze some of the factors that have provided the ground for these evolutions, and also to examine the impacts of these changes and evolutions on contemporary Iranian architecture and urban development policymaking. The present study was a qualitative and quantitative one, which used library sources and studies in order to collect the data. Moreover, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Super Decisions software were utilized to analyze the data. The study results indicated that factors such as archeology, training architectures, artistic congresses, archeology and the Association of National Monuments, militarism, and modernism have had a significant impact on the architecture and urban development of this period; and the extent of the impact of changes on architecture and urban development has been equal. The most influential factors in architectural evolutions have been modernism and archeology of that era; and factors such as training architectures, scientific congresses, and militarism have affected urban development evolutions.

Architecture, as both an art and applied science, plays a significant role in shaping human life today. Unfortunately, the architecture of today often falls short, serving merely as a shelter, leaving few users feeling at peace or at ease. The atmosphere of a building, which is the spirit and life of the architecture, is what makes it unique and memorable. Yet, experiencing the atmosphere of architecture and understanding the complex processes that create it can be challenging. it can be difficult to even explain or identify the components that contribute to it.While many studies have investigated the semantic and hermeneutic dimensions of the audience to atmospheric architecture from a phenomenological perspective, this research seeks to develop criteria and tools using a structural method to achieve atmospheric architecture in the process of architectural design. This approach is both practical and developmental, aimed at strengthening the structure of the building.To achieve this goal, Alexander's structure strengthening method is proposed as a guide in creating an atmospheric model. The research method used in this study is grounded theory or database analysis.Through the method of library document studies, relevant sources were examined, and ideas were categorized and clarified with the help of experts. Categories with the highest repetition and quality were identified through in-depth study and consultation with experts. Open coding was performed, resulting in 93 characteristics and 9 codes in the axial coding and 7 categories in the selective coding, based on the opinions of thinkers in the field of the structuralism approach of atmosphere in architectural spaces.The data were coded and selected in MAXQDA 10 software based on the frequency and repetition of the codes. The findings revealed that the atmospheres in architectural buildings result from a combination of structural and physical factors, as well as a set of invisible yet highly impactful concepts or quasi-things that affect the audience's perception based on their senses and abilities. Physical measures were more frequently studied than functional ones in existing atmospheric research, but the most important and frequent indicator was an integrated whole.Atmospheric architecture is characterized by its integration and synergy, which can have optimal effects on well-being, health, and vitality and can ultimately lead to an increase in the quality of life. The grand theory generated concepts and quasi-things such as light, temperature, and sound, and identified creative indicators of the architectural atmosphere in categories such as immediate perception, multi-sensory architecture, participation of subject and object, materials that make up the body, temporality, and corporeality, inducing movement, and an integrated overall structure that is in the relationship between subject and object.One of the most effective ways to actively engage people with their environment is through architecture and multi-sensory design. By creating a specific atmosphere for an architectural space, it is possible to induce a unique character or feeling that makes it memorable and serves a specific purpose. The quality of the atmosphere in a space can create a stronger emotional connection to our environment. A nombness and indifferent environment can have negative effects on both our mental and physical health. Therefore, improving the quality of the built environment, which covers a significant portion of people's lives, is crucial for enhancing their quality of life and social well-being.In summary, architects can use both material-physical tools and immaterial concepts or quasi-things in the design of atmospheric architecture, organizing them into a comprehensive whole called atmosphere. Physical measures have been studied more frequently than functional ones in existing atmospheric research, but the most important and frequent indicator is an integrated whole.From a structural perspective, the architectural atmosphere can be defined as the induction of tone, mood, personality, or a special feeling to an architectural space, making it unique and memorable with a specific purpose. The atmosphere in an architectural space provides special and potential qualities, and a numb environment can negatively impact general mental and physical health. Improving the quality of the built environment, which covers a long period of people's lives, deeply affects the quality of people's lives.However, the atmospheric design method cannot be explained by an algorithm or specific abstract ideas. Rather, it is a synergistic approach of imagination and thinking formed through interaction with the world and physical awareness

The spatial arrangement of housing, pertaining to the interconnection of spatial components, exhibits an intricate relationship with all architectural challenges and concerns. Consequently, the objective of this research endeavor is to scrutinize and explore the arrangement of modern structures in Mashhad, aiming to identify discernible patterns.

The current investigation adopted a practical approach and was carried out within the confines of Mashhad city in 2021, employing a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. A comparative-descriptive analysis was performed on the residential layouts of Mashhad city. The sampling technique utilized was random, leading to the selection of a cluster comprising 61 samples from 17 districts of Mashhad.

A total of 44 distinct graphs were observed, with the predominant layouts in Mashhad being those consisting of six or seven nodes. These nodes typically encompass areas such as the entrance space, reception area, parents' bedroom, child's bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom. Analysis of the connection parameter revealed that the minimum maximum value among the depicted graphs was 2, whereas the maximum peak value stood at 4. In terms of the selection parameter, the highest rating reached 2 due to the limited number of internal spaces, while the lowest rating was 1.

The primary structure common to all graphs entails an entrance space leading to a reception area. Spatial organization has been prominently upheld in the majority of designs, with particular emphasis on the kitchen and service areas as pivotal zones within the layouts.

Developing a vision without understanding the organizational culture is a failed attempt. The purpose of this research is to understand organizational culture for understanding expectations in order to prioritize issues and compare work groups by managers for greater productivity.

This study was carried out in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization between 2020 and 2022. The statistical population for this research was the employees of the central headquarters and the general administrations of blood centers, and 384 of them were included in the study using stratified random sampling. To collect the required data, a 60-question organizational culture questionnaire based on Denison's model was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (independent t, analysis of variance, Tukey and Pearson's coefficient) according to demographic variables, SPSS22 and Excel 2013 software were used.

The findings show that Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization has a medium/strong organizational culture with a score of 179.31 and the highest impact after mission with a score of 46.60. Also, the indicators of "customer orientation and development of capabilities" need to be improved.

Conclusions  :

According to the findings, most employees have understood the vision, strategic intentions and mission of the organization, but their capabilities are not well seen. According to the score of customer orientation, the skills and abilities of the employees should be developed by using retraining courses, while motivating the personnel, respecting the clients, and the provinces should take advantage of the experiences.

Regarding the atmosphere of architecture, due to its importance and vacancy in contemporary architecture, recently, a relatively large number of studies have been devoted to it. But in the meantime, the scattering of votes and views on it has caused that it could not have a clear definition and restriction for it. Sometimes a fixed component in different buildings has different results, or even the strongest atmospheric component alone does not create the right atmospheric quality in the building, so that even fixed atmospheric components in different buildings lead to different and even contradictory results. This possibility indicates the synergistic effect of the factors on the whole space. Factors in different combinations reach a different generality, and the effect of each criterion on the whole is intensified by the combination of other criteria. In order to investigate this, the effect of light on the atmosphere was examined, because most of our perceptions are related to light-dependent vision. On the other hand, light with its various characters also gives a semantic and comprehensible dimension to architecture. The study of light is most used in previous researches of temples, especially mosques. Generates new insights. After meta-analysis of the subject of the atmosphere by examining the conditions for creating synergy and its principles, it seems that light is very effective in synergizing with the characteristics of the architectural atmosphere, not separately but synergistically, in all stages of perception and cognition in perceiving the atmospheric quality of the building.

The growth process of urbanization in the contemporary era has reduced the category of social capital, which can be the lack of connection between the body and the field of activity or specific performance in space. The public space of a commercial city is a place where people are present to trade and buy the necessities of life. For a long time, the market has been the main pillar in the cities to do this. The body of the markets is such that there is a proper coordination with the type of function in the created space. This research aims to screen the body-behavior components in the east-west of Kerman market based on fuzzy Delphi. In order to evaluate body-behavior components and features whose quality is determined by expert devices according to the desired quality index, Fuzzy and Matlab software are used and the output of fuzzy model is used as a result. The final class L is removed because it was less effective than other components. Kalbadi respondent in the field of social values with membership grade of 0.41, appropriate collection of rainwater with membership grade of 0.48, active volume to receive light and ventilation with value of 0.42, windows and physical and appearance characteristics with value of 0.4 and total area Ratio. The level to the ground is 0.45.

In drainage and irrigation channels, vertical drop structures are commonly used to transfer water from a higher elevation to a lower one. At the downstream end of these structures, measures are taken to prevent channel bed erosion and reduce the destructive kinetic energy. In the present study, the effect of a nonextended step on the relative energy of the vertical drop structure was investigated using the FLOW-3D software and RNG turbulence model. Two relative heights and three relative widths for the step were considered, and the relative critical depth range was chosen between 0.2 and 0.5. The results indicate that the computed values of downstream relative depth show good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, both extended and non-extended step configurations yielded similar results, with an increase in the relative height of the step resulting in a reduction in the relative remaining energy. In other words, at a constant relative height of the step, for all critical relative depth values, the drop and turbulence generated in the plunge pool are the same for both extended and non-extended step models. Furthermore, employing a tranquility basin downstream reduced the wall height and length of the tranquility basin by more than 12% compared to the model without a step.

The physical environment of the hospital includes elements and components that improve the quality of the treatment environment and also reduce the stress of the patients. Therefore, this research aims to improve the environmental quality of treatment spaces with the approach of reducing patients' stress.

Based on the research approach, descriptive-analytical has been done. The selection of the research sample in the General Surgery Department (Imam Reza Birjand Hospital) is considered. To collect data, a questionnaire (patient, patient's companion, doctor and staff) was used to prioritize the variables. The validity of the questionnaire was checked by 3Smart PLS software, and the reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Then the collected data was analyzed in SPSS 26 software.

The results of this study showed that the prioritization of different criteria from the physical factors of the indoor environment of therapeutic spaces including: convenience, flexibility, nature, light, color, fresh air, sound, texture, furniture arrangement, works of art, and scent are different. It is meaningful. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the most significant difference in the patient's stress reduction priority is the criteria of color, material and texture, fresh air, scent. Based on the Yeoman-Whitney test, gender has a significant difference in the variables of scent, color and fresh air.

The results of the research identified that flexibility, convenience, nature, according to the descriptive statistics, have the most influence in reducing the stress of the patients from the perspective of all the participant. Design solutions with the approach of reducing patient stress in medical centers are presented based on the significance of most variables.

Numerous global studies have demonstrated that interacting with nature in our surroundings can greatly benefit our mental health. The biophilic design approach can aid in connecting individuals with nature in a man-made environment, making it a useful tool. Further studies are needed in treatment spaces throughout the country to develop an understanding of how biophilic components affect the mental health of patients through experimental research. This study aims to identify the beneficial aspects of biophilic design in the mental well-being of patients receiving treatment within the country. This research focuses on the relationship between biophilic design elements and their impact on the mental health of patients in therapeutic spaces in Mashhad. The study assumes that experiencing nature directly through biophilic architecture can reduce anxiety and depression while increasing life expectancy, ultimately leading to better mental health outcomes for patients.

This research utilized qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate biophilic factors' impact on patients' anxiety levels in hospitals. The qualitative portion involved analyzing library documents and coding concepts using the foundation data method and MAXQDA10 software. The field and survey studies focused on sample hospitals in Mashhad city, including Hay Farabi, 17 Shahrivar, and Omid. A standard questionnaire on anxiety in hospitals and a questionnaire on biophilic components in therapeutic environments were distributed randomly to 270 patients over a period of two months. The quantitative portion involved measuring the relationships between variables using factor analysis and structural equations with Smart PLS.

During the survey of hospitals to determine the presence of biophilic components, Shahrivar Hospital was ranked first with 35.71%, followed by Farabi Hospital with 28.57% and Omid Hospital with 14.28%. Research shows that the dimensions of biophilic design have a significant impact on the spiritual and psychological well-being of patients in therapeutic spaces. When patients are more connected to nature in these spaces, it can decrease anxiety levels and improve spiritual components of health, such as life expectancy. A survey of hospital environments and the assessment of patients' mental health revealed that 17 Shahrivar Hospital, which had more biophilic components in indoor spaces, had a greater positive effect on patients than Farabi Hospital, which had components in external spaces. This research model confirms the usefulness of biophilic design in therapeutic spaces to improve the mental state and satisfaction of patients. Incorporating biophilic components into the environment can have a positive impact on the patient's experience in a therapeutic environment.

According to the study, the direct experience of nature in indoor spaces for therapeutic purposes was the most important factor in promoting mental health. Following this, the indirect experience of nature and the nature of space and place were also found to be significant factors, in that order. Furthermore, it was discovered that the biophilic environment of indoor spaces had a greater impact on reducing anxiety and depression among patients than in outdoor spaces in hospitals. Overall, these findings suggest that incorporating natural elements into indoor spaces can have a positive impact on mental health.

Entrance nanoparticles into the environment provides possibility of their entry into living organisms body. Their entry into the body can affect biological macromolecules and affect their life. Here, to investigate effect of copper oxide nanoparticle (nCuO) on recombinant Lepidium draba peroxidase, changes in enzyme activity and structure were analyzed in the presence of nCuO. Enzyme activity was measured in the presence of different concentrations of nCuO and repeated three times. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of 5%. Intrinsic fluorescence studies in the presence of nanoparticles were utilized to investigate structural changes of the enzyme. These studies were done at different temperatures to determine thermodynamic parameters such as the type of forces involved in the nanoparticle-enzyme interaction. Enzyme activity in the presence of nCuO significantly increased at the level of 5%. The most enzyme activity were attributed to the concentration ranges of 80-180 nM nanoparticles, which it increased more than 46% compared to the control. Intrinsic fluorescence intensity decreased in the manner nanoparticles concentrations increased in media. Decrease intrinsic fluorescence emission indicates changes in the enzyme structure in presence of nanoparticle. Thermodynamic parameters including entropy (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) related to the interaction of enzyme with nanoparticle were calculated as 0.108 and 3.81 respectively. The positive sign of these parameters indicates the important role of hydrophobic interactions in this process. On the other hand, negativity of free energy (∆G°) changes indicates that this process is exergonic and proceeds spontaneously.

We classify orbit spaces of cohomogeneity two isometric actions on Riemannian manifolds of constant negative curvature.

New studies in the content analysis of fiction and novels are as extensive as critical approaches and fictional texts. In this regard, social criticism is a subset of author-centric or hypertext criticism. This method of criticism does not accept the spontaneous appearance of literature and believes that literature is formed in the heart of the society; in fact, social conditions direct the author, the work of art and the audience. Social criticism is a literary study in which historical and social works and evidence fulfill a literary intellectual mission for the reader. This is a mission based on the structure of artistic narratives. If we use literature as a social document for a particular society, we can introduce the general outlines of a historical society in a given period. This is because literature is not only a reflection of the social process but also broader because it is the essence of history. Thus, the analysis of the relationship between literature and society is the basis for the emergence of social criticism of literature, and this approach is based on the structure of literature and society. This means the reflection of social issues in the literary work through the author's intellectual, doctrinal or social perspective. Accordingly, "the interaction between society and literature has always been the focus of humanities researchers. Ahmad Khalid Tawfiq is one of the pioneers of contemporary literature in the field of horror, fantasy and science fiction and has been able to create perfect works of fantasy and horror. His works also take an opportunity to criticize the society. This research analyzes the story of "The Myth of Al Naddaha " based on a social approach as well as literary and critical sources, especially social criticism. Ahmed Khalid Tawfiq is a contemporary Egyptian writer and one of the pioneers of horror literature in the Arab world. In the 1990s, he wrote a collection entitled "The Supernatural", which received much attention in the Arab world. One of the stories in this series is "The Myth of Al-Naddaha" which has a scary atmosphere. The author discusses some of the social issues of the Egyptian society in the last century, specifically the villages of Egypt. This article aims to discuss the story of "The Myth of Al Naddaha " based on social criticism in an analytical-descriptive manner. Ahmad Khalid Tawfiq, in his story, tried to show the reader some aspects of the backwardness of the Egyptian society by expressing some social issues especially in the rural society of this country. Ahmad Khalid Tawfiq is one of the pioneers of contemporary literature in the field of horror, fantasy and science fiction. He has created works full of fantasy and horror. On the side of his works, there is also room for criticism of the society. Based on a social approach and literary and critical sources, especially social criticism, this research, analyzes the story of "The Myth of Al-Naddaha" to answer the following questions: What social changes have taken place in the society during the author's period? What are the social problems that Ahmad Khalid Tawfiq has tried to clarify in his novel? What is the relationship between this novel and the society where the author has lived in? In "The Myth of Al Naddahah", it is clear that Ahmad Khalid Tawfiq paid attention to social issues in a literary way. Although the author writes horror and science fiction, in this story, he reflects the most important social problems in the Egyptian villages and issues related to poverty, superstition, deprivation and class conflicts in his story. Tawfiq believes that reform in a rural society is possible by educating the people and making them literate. In his opinion, it is not possible to escape solving the problems, but one must stand against them and face them. The main character of the myth of Al Naddahah is based on a scientific logic. In fact, this scientific logic is one of the most important human achievements in the last century, which is reflected in this story. Tawfiq expresses social problems, which is of great importance. As an educated man in the society, has has dealt with the most important problems faced by the Egyptian villagers. Since the audience of his stories is teenagers and young people, he has been able to make them aware of the social consequences of superstitions and the dangers that society may pose. He reminds them of the rapid advancement of science.

This review article elucidates the structure and critiques the effects of social loafing in the team sport of volleyball. Drawing upon existing theories, opinions, and research, this review addresses the conceptual framework and factors influencing individual and group behaviors in sports environments, particularly volleyball. These factors include team cohesion, leadership styles, communication, interdependent tasks, and individual motivation. An examination of the research methodologies and article formulations, as well as meta-analyses in academic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO, indicates that the predominant approach in studies on this phenomenon is deductive, with survey strategies employed through observational studies and interviews with players and coaches using questionnaires. The findings of this review, on one hand, present and analyze theories and models explaining social loafing behaviors in sports environments and teams, including the processes and dimensions of the emergence (and growth) of social loafing and its impact on individual aspects and team performance in volleyball. On the other hand, it highlights key points and related solutions for future research directions in volleyball, including strategies and interventions (by coaches and team leadership) aimed at reducing social loafing, enhancing cohesion, and improving group dynamics in volleyball teams, ultimately leading to improved team performance.

Environmentally sustainable design is widely recognized as a key strategy to reduce the negative effects of buildings on the environment and has been criticized for its focus and dependence on technological advances, as opposed to focusing on the qualitative aspects of the human dimension and the desire to connect with nature. Has encountered Biophilic design as a potential strategy can pave the way to fill this gap by shifting the focus towards human-centered approaches. Biophilic design is based on the concept of health and well-being, and its basis is to create a positive effect in increasing the relationship between man and nature for the residents of the building and the environment. Since sustainable design and biophilic design better represent environmental responses, they can lead to more sustainable results as a comprehensive approach. The research method in this study is "grounded theory" which is one of the approaches of "qualitative strategy" and is applied and developmental in terms of its purpose. According to the basic theory, three main elements: concepts, classes and categories related to research were created through data conceptualization. The data was open coding including 113 characteristics and in axial coding 10 codes of concepts and in selective coding 6 categories, which was done in the form of library documentary studies according to the opinions of scholars in the field of sustainable biophilic approach. In the MAXQDA 10 software, the data were coded and selected according to the frequency and repetition of the codes. The results showed that in the biophilic approach, the existence of dimensions of direct connection with nature in the field of natural sustainability and the nature of space and place in the field of cultural sustainability caused human interaction with nature in the artificial environment, which subsequently had optimal effects on well-being and health. It can lead to an increase in the quality of life.