رضا پاینده

This study examines the "Terms and Conditions" (T&C) of AI-driven businesses, aiming to identify relevant ethical issues and evaluate their compliance with AI ethical frameworks. The term "Terms and Conditions" refers to a document that regulates the contractual relationship between service providers and users, typically encompassing privacy policies, terms of service, user and company rights and obligations, as well as data protection policies. This research employed a cross-sectional study design and qualitative content analysis to identify and analyze Iranian businesses operating in the AI sector. The sample was drawn from platforms such as Myket and Cafe Bazaar, complemented by Google searches, and data were collected from official websites and relevant documents. The collected data were coded and analyzed based on ethical principles. In the quantitative phase, scoring was conducted using a Likert scale, and businesses were ranked using the TOPSIS method. The findings revealed that the T&C policies often lack sufficient operational details to build user trust and fail to fully uphold principles such as the balance of power, accountability, and social responsiveness. This study highlights the necessity of revising these T&C policies, developing more comprehensive frameworks, and aligning them with international standards.

 This study concentrates on innovation policy instruments embedded in the Knowledge-Based Production Leap Act. This law was enacted to strengthen innovation in knowledge-based companies and provide appropriate support infrastructures in Iran. It employs a combination of innovation policy instruments to achieve its objectives. The primary objective of this research is to identify the impact of these legal instruments on the innovative performance of knowledge-based companies and to assess the success or failure of these instruments in achieving the set goals. A total of 15 articles of the law (comprising 29 parts include innovation policy instruments) directly related to innovative and knowledge-based companies have been evaluated in this study.

 This research was conducted using a quantitative method, comprising a main phase of data collection and analysis. Data were initially collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 114 knowledge-based companies across various industrial sectors. In the quantitative analysis phase, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between different articles of the Knowledge-Based Production Leap Act and the performance of knowledge-based companies. Additionally, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was used to identify policy priorities and determine the strengths and weaknesses of various policy instruments.

 The findings reveal that certain legal provisions, particularly Articles 1, 4 and 11, which focus on financial support and the development of research and development infrastructure, have played a significant role in enhancing the innovative performance of knowledge-based companies. These supports include financial facilities, subsidies, the improvement of technological infrastructures, and the provision of resources for development research. Conversely, legal provisions related to customs tariff legal representative, such as Articles 3, 12 and 15, were identified as weaker instruments and require further revision and adaptation to meet the real needs of companies. Moreover, the findings indicate that a lack of coordination among certain policy instruments has reduced their overall effectiveness.

Limitations and Implications: 

One of the limitations of this study is its focus on data collected from knowledge-based companies in Iran, which may not be fully generalizable to other countries. Additionally, the study is centered on the short-term impacts of the implementation of the law, and further research is needed to analyze its long-term effects. Furthermore, the limited access to accurate quantitative data on the long-term performance of companies may not fully capture the detailed and lasting impacts of these policies.

Practical Implications: 

The results suggest that policymakers should consider revising non-financial instruments such as consultancy and training, ensuring that these instruments are fully aligned with the specific needs of industries and knowledge-based companies. Additionally, it is recommended that greater interaction between the government and the private sector be established so that regular feedback from companies can be communicated to the government and the Islamic Consultative Assembly for policy optimization. Moreover, implementing a continuous evaluation system to monitor the performance of policy instruments and the enforcement of the law could facilitate necessary reforms. Finally, special attention to the financial and infrastructural needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the innovation sector remains crucial.

Originality: 

This research introduces innovation in several aspects. First, it focuses on evaluating the performance of a significant law related to innovation policy in Iran. The findings of this study have practical implications for improving and enhancing the law. The second innovative aspect lies in the the combination of two methods — structural equation modeling (SEM) and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) — in evaluating innovation policies is presented as an analytical methodology in innovation studies. This approach allows for a more comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted impacts of policy instruments and their interactions.

Given the increasing importance of data in transparency, accountability, and economic opportunities, designing a private sector data governance system is crucial. This paper studies the Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines, and Agriculture and uses Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to design a data governance system. The seven stages of SSM, from describing the problematic situation to implementing reforms, were executed. Data collection involved document analysis and 19 semi-structured interviews with experts. The study combines the macro framework of data governance with the four pillars of business intelligence to create a comprehensive picture of the data governance system. The findings indicate that realizing the data governance system, especially in connecting to national data repositories, depends on establishing e-government. Ideally, with e-government and smart government, data and information of all executive bodies fall under public ownership, necessitating revised laws and regulations governing data and information in the country. However, issues such as segmented data management laws, inadequate key data repositories, lack of cooperation among agencies, and data ownership challenges disrupt data system integration. The research suggests the Chamber of Commerce pursue bilateral and multilateral agreements with related agencies to accelerate the establishment of the data governance system in the private sector. The study highlights the importance of overcoming existing challenges and fostering cooperation among different agencies. While the full establishment of e-government is a long-term goal, interim measures such as strategic partnerships and agreements can significantly improve the data governance landscape, benefiting transparency, accountability, and economic opportunities within the private sector.

Technological collaboration in the global value chain of the copper industry has attracted the attention of large and small companies in this industry due to the increase in productivity, smartness and design of new products. Iran's National Copper Industries Company, as the parent organization of copper industries, is the subject of this research in the field of technological cooperation. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to identify the drivers of technological collabration of the National Iranian Copper Industries Company with knowledge-based companies in order to achieve higher value-added copper base products, job creation and profitability. This research was carried out with thematic analysis method of Attride-Stirling approach and data collection by library method and conducting semi-structured interviews with purposeful sampling method with 26 copper industry experts. As a result of this research, 26 effective drivers for the cooperation between the National Copper Industries Company of Iran and knowledge-based companies were identified, which are in seven categories: unpredictable environmental disturbances, development plans and policies of the country's mining sector, requirements for cooperation with knowledge-based companies, industry requirements Downstream of copper, the requirements of Iran's National Copper Industries Company, the challenges of international technological collabration and access to energy carriers were placed.

Fintechs or financial startups are progressively impacting the financial services value chain every day. Fintechs has provided the country's financial markets governors with an irreplaceable opportunity to reform the country's financial system mechanisms. The ecosystem development of these innovative businesses in the financial system is demanding as the prudential requirements of the financial system, and the obstacles that generally exist for innovative businesses. This descriptive research investigates the systemic problems of fintech ecosystem development and its solutions. The analytical texts published in one year and 49 semi-structured interviews with experts were analyzed with a deductive thematic analysis methodology based on Nicoletti's model. Then, the systemic network problems besides institutional mapping of the fintech ecosystem have been extracted; also its validity has been discussed in five focus groups. Then, the existing problems for the development of the fintech business ecosystem are categorized into six sectors: policy, regulation, and supervision (28 problems) such as the lack of a fintech development vision, science production, and promotion (4 problems) such as the lack of fintech scientific field in universities, investment (4 problems) such as the lack of investment statistics in fintech, financial solutions (10 problems) such as weakness in the inclusive financing system, and fintech demand (4 problems) such as low urgency of fintech with financial regulatory bodies. Ultimately, based on the issues raised, the policy implications of this research are presented to facilitate the governance of the

Ideation canvas is a systematic arrangement of selected concepts side by side that tries to guide the mind of infinite ideators to innovative answers to specific questions. Designing a variety of idea-making forums is one of the measures that has become common in business-oriented events in recent years, and there is less opportunity to create problem-oriented idea-design forums, tailored to social goals. The present study was designed to design a problem-oriented idea-based canvas for social planning, and the main question of the research is what is a problem-oriented idea-canvas and its components? The present study is one of the qualitative researches that has been extracted by analyzing the existing literature of the idea canvas and also holding the focus group, the problem-oriented canvas and its components. In the next step, in order to validate and validate the extracted canvas, a questionnaire was distributed between interns and participants in social events and using one-sample t-test method, participants' opinions about the dimensions and components of the designed idea canvas were analyzed. The proposed ideation canvas is organized in two general sections, superstructure and infrastructure, and in each section, there are 9 sections. In the problem-oriented superstructure, there are requirements for in-depth description of the problem and the method of change appropriate to that problem. The underlying part of the canvas refers to the theoretical foundations that guide the overall structure of an idea and become the main basis of the idea generation process.

Bank-fintech collaboration scenario has become one of the new topics in the study of innovation and financial technology businesses. Yet, there has been no research into Iranian Banks collaboration scenarios as traditional financial institutions in the face of the rapid growth of fintechs that is the purpose of this research.

To develop scenarios, mixed-method research is employed. In this regard, drivers, wildcards, and weak signals of Iranian bank-fintech collaboration were listed by thematic analysis of 15 interviews of fintech ecosystem experts. Then with 33 scholars and practitioners’ participation, factors affecting collaboration were listed, successively confirmed with a one-sample t-test, and prioritized with fuzzy Topsis. Furthermore, future scenarios were developed based on Global Business Network, by distributing the questionnaire among 144 senior bank managers from 16 Iranian banks.

Legal development of fintech types and establishment of e-KYC are recognized as two key uncertainties, and subsequently the four scenarios were described: identity scenario, sine scenario, floor and ceiling scenario, and logarithm scenario. Then, private plugin services and Public API Banking Providers were proposed as robust banks’ strategies in collaboration with fintechs.

To adopt a suitable scenario and realize the robust strategies, strategic themes were identified and categorized into three areas: national governance, partnership network, and technology management. Eventually, with the expert interview, the results were confirmed.

In the outbreak of Coronavirus and its various economic consequences for startups, the need to make a balance among these changes, as well as responding to these needs in order to preserve the business and promote its positive performance have become very essential. One way to achieve such a balance is to inaugurate innovations and make changes in the business patterns of startups. This study is an attempt to discover the extent and types of changes posed in the nine components of the business patterns in Iranian startups caused by this critical conditions. Accordingly, a questionnaire was used to collect data from startups in various fields. By measuring Cronbach’s coefficient (0.844) and receiving the experts’ confirmations, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified. Based on the analysis, the majority of startups in various industries evaluated the coronavirus impact on their business as positive in some situations and negative in others. As a result, significant positive or negative effects were not observed in the dominant performance of the target community. Furthermore, startups with innovation which improved their relationship with customers and their human resources, and employed virtual platforms, practiced the most change and reached to the highest success.

Bank-fintech collaboration has become one of the crucial topics in the study of financial technology and the banking system transformation. Yet, there has been very little research into this phenomenon, so as to establish best practices, because neither bank-fintech collaboration nor associated and relevant characteristics have been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to discover the patterns of bank-fintech collaboration, accordingly, the key question of the research is: What are the collaboration patterns of Iranian banks with fintechs? To answer this question, we have benefited from a theoretically founded and empirically proven taxonomy including cooperation, innovation, banking, and fintechs dimension. In this study, while distributing the questionnaire among 144 senior bank managers, the situation of cooperation between 16 Iranian banks and fintechs was examined. To analyze the data, clustering algorithms, one of the most useful data mining methods, were utilized. The results show: Firstly, the patterns are divided into the five optimal clusters: perfectionist pattern, transformational pattern, impatient pattern, smart pattern, and shareholding pattern. Second, for a variety of reasons, including a low verity of fintech types in the market, most of the banks studied are in the same cluster and have relatively similar behaviors. Third, clustering results indicate that the public or private factor cannot be considered as a distinguishing factor in the relationship between banks and fintechs.

Understanding innovation system of industry is a requirement for progress in the knowledge-based economy. On the other hand, each industry plays a special role with specific importance, and some parent industries, such as oil industry, take a special position in the Iranian economy. This research is intended to provide policy recommendations for the country's oil industry after drawing an institutional map of the Iranian oil industry innovation system, with the pathology of the role of institutions based on a functional approach. Hence, analysis of the innovation system on the basis of active institutions in the innovation system of the oil industry was carried out through institutional mapping by the participation of ten experts in the oil industry through Delphi method. Then, the functional network of the innovation system was identified by reviewing the literature, and the weights of functions were determined by seventeen innovation experts. Afterwards, the matrix of the functional institution for the Iranian oil industry was designed with the participation of nine experts in innovation and the oil industry. It can be concluded from the functional-institutional analysis of the oil industry innovation system that, although research and educational institutions such as the University of Petroleum Industry, International Institute for Energy Studies, Petroleum Industry Research Institute, Expropriation Research Institute, etc. are active in the development of knowledge development and dissemination, they play little role in entrepreneurial projects which are highly important, only support knowledge-based companies. As a result, it seems that in order to improve the functioning of the oil industry innovation system, institutions must be designed to strengthen this aspect.

Mental structures and people’s perceptions of social issues and problems are so diverse and multilayered, from which there is sometimes no proximity between people’s descriptions of a single problem. Identifying the imagination of the designers, the executives, the partners, and the critics of SHABNAM has been the aim of this study, in which the theoretical spheres of the program have been drawn in separate logic models by “Program Theory Evaluation”. “Program Theory” in the science of Evaluation explains how an intervention leads to a specific outcome chain. For this purpose, next to studying the relevant documents, 16 of the most influential people in a logical model, and ultimately the policy recommendations have been uttered.

The global banking industry, driven by new technologies and changing customer behavior, has undergone major changes unprecedentedly all over its history. As banks contend with innovation challenges in their processes, fintech companies benefiting from digital capabilities, deliver innovative and customer-centric services. In the business world, the collaboration between these two institutions has taken many forms. This has also attracted the attention of the academic community, and several papers have been written in this field. The purpose of this article is to review these articles, and its main question is: What has the scientific literature contribute toward bank-fintech collaboration? To answer this question, a systematic literature review, based on PRISMA Checklist, has been utilized and various specific areas have been examined to understand the necessity, evolution, challenges, drivers, benefits, barriers, and types of bank-fintech collaboration in the scientific articles. The most significant achievements of the articles are discussed in the paper; furthermore, different types of bank-fintech collaboration in the scientific literature are listed, and a bank-fintech collaboration algorithm is presented. Ultimately, the gaps in the literature and suggestions for future research are expressed.