رضا پورحسین

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the educational program based on psychological well-being in improving positive thinking and marital satisfaction in infertile women. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all infertile women who received donated eggs and were treated at the Mam Infertility Treatment Center in Tehran in 2023, who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. All of them completed the automatic positive recognition questionnaire of Ingram et al. (1988, APAC) and the consent of Afrooz wives (2019, AMSS) before the intervention. After that, the experimental group received the educational program based on psychological well-being in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. The research data was analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements. The results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test among the groups (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a substantial difference in the variables of positive thinking and marital satisfaction between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.05). Based on this, it can be said that using an educational program based on psychological well-being can be effective in increasing positivity and marital satisfaction in infertile women.

The suicide is one of the threatening topics for the health general of society, and spiritual health and ego strength strength are among the factors that can be effective in reducing it. Therefore, this study aimed to the causal modeling of suicidal psychopathology based on spiritual health and ego strength.

The present study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all individuals with a history of suicide registered in the site of the Payesh Center in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in the first half of year 2022. Among them, 210 people were selected by purposive sampling and they answered the Inventory of Motivations for Suicide Attempts (May & Klonsky, 2013), Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982), and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (Markstrom, 1997). Data were analyzed using path analysis of structural equation in SPSS23 and Amos24 softwares.

The findings showed that direct effect spiritual health (negatively) on suicidal psychopathology is significant (p <0.05). Also, the results of the mediating role of ego strength showed that ego strength have a significant mediating role between spiritual health and suicidal psychopathology (p <0.05).    

The results of this study showed that the spiritual health directly, and ego strength indirectly has been effective on the suicidal psychopathology. Therefore, it is suggested that mental health clinics pay attention to their spiritual health and ego strength in review suicidal psychopathology of individuals with a history of suicide.

This study aimed to compare the causal effect of one of the interventions to fight fake news (sending correction messages) on Persian-speaking users who spread false news by investigating the level of their engagement with this message. The study method was experimental and based on a randomized field experiment. The population was targeted by X Persian-speaking users who published specific fake news. The study sample was 334 of these users who were randomly selected within the first 48 hours of the news release and randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups. The data of the study was extracted through the application program interface (API) of X and subjected to the analysis of binominal logistic regression and chi-square test. The implementation of the intervention was that after the preparation of a neutral account by the researcher, three types of corrective messages were sent to these users and their engagement with the corrective message was studied within 24 hours. The results showed that the message that contained only the truth was significantly more effective than the message that contained the truth vs. rumors (p<0.05). Also, the characteristics of the users did not affect their engagement with the corrective message. According to the existing research gap on the efficiency of different approaches, this study showed for the first time in the world that the approach of simply stating the truth is more effective. The results of this intervention can be applied in social media to fight fake news.

Considering that  is one of the most common psychological disorders, and  also the role of cognitive processes in the  etiology and incidence of this disorder. this research investigated the effect of self-review method as a cognitive technique on ineffective attitudes and symptoms of depression in  Women with depressive disorders. . This research is a therapeutic intervention that follows a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test with a control group.  Among women suffering from depression referring to one of the clinics in Tehran, 26 people were selected using available sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The dysfunctional attitudes Scale (DAS) and Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS 21) were used as evaluation tools. People in the experimental group participated in self-review therapy sessions;  While the people in the control group did not receive any treatment during this period.  The data was analyzed using the analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. The results showed a significant decrease in the scores of dysfunctional attitudes and depression of the experimental group compared to the scores of the control group in the post-test. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of the self-review method in reducing ineffective attitudes and depressive symptoms of the subjects

Low self‐worth during adolescence predicts a range of emotional and behavioural problems. As such, identifying potential sources of influence on self‐worth in adolescence is important.

The aim of this study was to construct The Relationship between Parents' Marital Satisfaction and Popularity in the Family with Sense of Self-worth and Spiritual Vitality of Children Working in Gifted Schools

The research method is descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study is all talented students in Tehran during the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample consisted of 320 high school students in Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling and responded to Afrooz marital satisfaction scale (2016), Popularity of parent’s scale (Afrooz, 2012), Spiritual vitality scale (Afrooz, 2014) and Self-Worth Scale (Crocker and et al, 2003). To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS version 27.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and parental popularity with dimensions of spiritual vitality and self-worthiness (P< 0.05). Findings indicate that the proposed model fits the data appropriately. Also, 80% of the variance of self-worth is explained by marital satisfaction, parental popularity and spiritual vitality. In other words, couple's satisfaction and parental popularity directly and indirectly through spiritual vitality have a positive effect on students' self-worth. Couple's satisfaction and parental affection are associated with higher adolescents' self-worthiness.

The data were cross-sectional, so the direction of the effects could not be confirmed, but the findings support the idea that couple's satisfaction and parental popularity in children increase adolescent's vitality and self-worthiness.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the self-review method on psychological distress, psychological capital, and psychological well-being in adolescent girls. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test/post-test and a control group. The study sample consisted of female high school students in the first semester of 2022-2023 in Karaj city. A purposive sampling method was used, and based on the criteria, 22 participants were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 11, the experimental and control groups. In this study, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), the Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB, Ryff, 2002), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ, Luthans et al., 2007) were employed. The self-review intervention was conducted individually in four sessions, with an average duration of 45 minutes, and held twice a week. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant difference in the mean scores of post-test psychological distress, psychological capital, and psychological well-being between the experimental and control groups while controlling for the pre-test effect (p < 0.01). Therefore, the self-review method can be considered an effective intervention in reducing psychological distress and increasing psychological capital and psychological well-being in adolescent girls.

The most important criterion for a healthy family is choosing a suitable spouse and the couple's satisfaction with marriage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the paradigmatic model of choosing a spouse and satisfaction in satisfied couples in Tehran.

The method of the current research was qualitative and of the type of grounded theory paradigm studies. The statistical population of the research includes couples who have gone to marriage counseling centers for pre-marriage counseling centers in Tehran between 2017-2019, and among them, 15 people were selected through targeted sampling. The obtained information was also analyzed through coding according to the model of Strauss and Corbin.

Finally, all the included paradigm patterns were obtained in the form of main components and sub-components and operational concepts. The central category included two components: wise and healthy choice and perspective transition to a stable marriage; causal conditions: macro-influencing factors and independence and differentiation of couples and relationship with the main family; background conditions: family similarities and cultural similarities; intervening conditions: components of belief and cognitive systems of couples and behavioural action of couples in the process of choosing a spouse; the strategies: marriage care strategies and communication strategies; the consequences: psychological and social consequences for couples and consequences for children.

It can be concluded that in Iranian culture, several factors at different levels of choosing a spouse, behavioral and cognitive features of couples as well as marriage care strategies affect selection of a satisfactory spouse, Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and couple therapists to formulate their interventions based on this.

In diabetes, stress lack of adherence to therapy, and poor self-care can worsen the condition of the affected people. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress management methods based on cognitive behavioral approach and self-care training and the combination of both on health status in people with type 2 diabetes. The present study is a randomized four-group double-blind clinical trial. The research sample included 60 people with type 2 diabetes selected purposefully among the members of the Diabetes Association and Private offices in Kerman City. The participants, after matching in terms of age and gender, were randomly replaced into 4 groups of 15 people (group 1: stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, group 2: self-care training, group 3: stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy + self-care training, the control group: without any intervention) and the experimental groups received the relevant interventions in 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up of the members of all 4 groups were performed by health status questionnaire from the World Health Organization. According to the results of the SPANOVA analysis, the mean scores of health status in the post-test and follow-up phases were increased compared to the pre-test phase and the occurred increase remained stable until the follow-up phase. Conclusion According to the findings of the study, the combination of medical and psychological interventions is necessary to improve the health status and stability of the obtained results.

This study aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors of students' tendency towards ethics. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 98 Iranian faculty members, university administrators, experts, staff, and students who were selected through criterion sampling. The findings suggest that there are eight facilitating factors such as “structural, functional, social, cultural, personal, religious, study-research-driven, and educational" factors, and there are also nine hindering factors (obstacles) such as “structural, social, performance-related, political, personal, functional, conceptual, informative-cognitive, and cultural” factors. Drawing upon the understanding of a wide range of academic activists, this study identifies new and more complete dimensions and components of the factors concerning the tendency or non-tendency of students towards ethics in the university environment. It is recommended to use these results to develop academic ethics in higher education more efficiently.

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of social comparison about early maladaptive schemas with the body image of female students with obesity. The research method is a description of structural equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female high school students with obesity in Tehran from 1401-1400, among 208 people selected as a sample by the purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBRSQ, Cash & Pruzinsky, 1965), the Schema Questionnaire Short form (YSQSF, Young, 1999), the social comparison Questionnaire (SCQ, Gibbons & Bunck, 1991). The results showed that the schematic domains of disconnection and rejection (P=0.001), Impaired autonomy and performance (P=0.027), impaired limits (P=0.001), other-directedness (P=0.001) have a negative and significant direct effect on social comparison, except for the excessive vigilance (P=0.946). Also, social comparison (P=0.001) has a direct effect on body image in a negative and significant way, And all four domains, except the excessive vigilance, have a positive and significant indirect relationship with body image through social comparison (P<0.05). However, the social comparison between the domain of excessive vigilance and with body image of obese female students doesn’t play a mediating role (P>0.05). Consequently, the social comparison between the domains of disconnection and rejection, Impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, and other-directedness with the body image of obese female students plays a mediating role. the results showed that the proposed research model had a good fit.

The 11th edition of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD11) has defined Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a new and different condition from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This article studied published research findings from 1992 to 2023 related to causative factors,  symptoms, assessment tools, differential diagnosis, and treatment of  CPTSD from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed with a narrative reviewing method. Its methodology is based on the collection, classification, and summarizing of the findings of scientific articles. For this purpose, the keywords of trauma, CPTSD, and PTSD were used. 86 articles were selected in the initial search, and 39 articles related to childhood trauma and CPTSD and the difference between PTSD and CPTSD  were selected. The results showed that CPTSD  is a separate disorder from PTSD, whose symptoms and diagnostic tools are different from PTSD. The combination of insecure attachment and emotional dysregulation are the underlying factors in the development of CPTSD as a result of childhood trauma. due to the newness of this disorder, little research about its treatment has been done and more studies are needed.

The current research was conducted with the aim of validating the paradigm model of spouse selection of satisfied couples in Tehran and was a descriptive-correlation study using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. In this research, sampling was done with a purposeful method, and 6 clinics were selected from among the counseling clinics of multiple areas of Tehran city, representing different social and economic bases. 300 people who met the entry and exit criteria and scored a high score in the screening tool were selected as a sample. The research tools included the researcher-made questionnaire of the model-partner selection of satisfied couples and the marital satisfaction questionnaire of Enrich (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS24 software was used to check the validity of the proposed model. Also, in order to examine the paradigm model of the research, the structural equation approach based on partial least squares method with PLS-3 software was used. Examining the fit indices of the proposed model showed that the model has a good fit and the factor loading of all the main and subcategories of the research model was greater than 0.4. Also, the results showed that the validity and reliability of the scales of the proposed model are suitable. The results of direct and indirect effects of the research model were also examined. The findings of this research indicated that in Iranian culture, several factors at different levels affect the process of choosing a satisfactory spouse, and it is necessary for counselors and couple therapists to formulate their interventions based on this.

Psychological vulnerability is a basic and significant issue in clinical psychology because psychopathology affects prevention, diagnosis, and psychotherapy. The present study aimed to investigate psycho-abnormality considering the factor of underdevelopment from the perspective of the holy Quran. A qualitative study with specific content analysis based on the word analysis method was used in this study. Based on the results, underdevelopment or being QUAVI is the main factor in internal and external induction acceptations. Underdevelopment and negative induction interaction cause different psychological disorders. In conclusion, the man will be vulnerable to psychological disorders when the inner Components of self stay underdeveloped. On the other hand, staying on development way protects humans from the effects of negative induction and psychological abnormality.

Defense mechanisms are a determining factor for the level of psychological pathology, and this is of particular importance in atopic dermatitis patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the defense mechanisms of patients with atopic dermatitis. The present study is a semi-experimental design of single subject type. The statistical population of this study included patients with atopic dermatitis who referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran in 2019, of which 5 people were selected through available sampling. These people underwent 10 individual sessions of intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy. Subjects completed the defense mechanisms questionnaire during the baseline phase, during the intervention, and during follow-up. To analyze the data, visual analysis and calculation of recovery percentage were used. According to the scores of the patients in the charts of changes, all patients showed an acceptable improvement in defense styles. The overall improvement rate of patients in underdeveloped, developed, and neurotic defense styles at the end of the intervention were 37.6%, 49.2%, and 40.4%, respectively, which indicates the effectiveness of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy in reducing Underdeveloped and neurotic defensive styles and increased defensive style are developed.

Atopic dermatitis as a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease can lead to mental distress in the patient. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the psychological distress of patients with atopic dermatitis. The present study is a semi-experimental design of single subject type. The statistical population of this study included patients with atopic dermatitis who referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran in 2019, and among them, 5 people were selected through available sampling. These people underwent 10 individual sessions of intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy. The subjects completed the depression, anxiety and stress scale at the baseline stage, during the intervention and follow-up. In order to analyze the data, visual analysis and calculation of recovery percentage were used. According to the scores of the patients in depression, anxiety and stress and the graphs of the changes, all patients showed an acceptable reduction in depression, anxiety and stress. The overall improvement rate of patients in depression, anxiety and stress at the end of the intervention was 61%, 57%, 62.4%, respectively, which indicates the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in reducing these variables. Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy can help reduce the psychological distress of patients with atopic dermatitis as an effective intervention.Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, Psychological distress

Living with diabetes limitations is associated with special psychological distress. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress management method based on cognitive behavioral approach and self-care training and the combination of both on quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes.

The present study is a randomized four-group double-blind clinical trial with mixed between-and within-subjects design. The research sample included 60 people with type 2 diabetes selected purposefully among the members of the Kerman Diabetes Association by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The participants, after matching in terms of age and gender, were randomly replaced in 4 groups of 15 people and the experimental groups received the relevant interventions in 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre-test, post-test and 2-month follow-up of the members of all 4 groups were performed by 36-item quality of life questionnaire.

According to the results of the SPANOVA analysis, the mean scores of quality of life (physical and mental health) in the post-test and follow-up phases were increased compared to the pre-test phase and the occurred increase remained stable until the follow-up phase.

although medical training and self-care and psychological interventions are solely necessary and useful for people with diabetes, the combination of medical and psychological interventions are necessary to improve the quality of life and stability of the obtained results.

Adaptation to chronic diseases is an essential strategy for patients' satisfaction with individual and social life and to improve their performance and efficiency with chronic illnesses. In addition to causing biological disorders, chronic diseases cause problems and mental conditions for patients, so their resilience is significantly reduced. Decreased stability causes them to experience psychological suffering in addition to feeling physical pain consistently. Adaptation to chronic illness reduces abnormal psychological outcomes and increases life satisfaction in patients with chronic illness. Anxiety, stress, and depression caused by chronic diseases in the global corona outbreak, due to the frightening and mysterious nature of the virus, and its high mortality rate, have been added to the anxiety caused by chronic disease. Therefore, to adapt to chronic diseases in pandemic conditions, more efforts are needed, and it is necessary to revise the traditional protocols and adapt them to the current conditions. Among the factors that effectively reduce the psychological consequences of chronic diseases, spirituality has an important role that is described in this article.

The purpose of this study was to present a series of group schema therapy techniques. A research method was used and data collection was done with a qualitative approach through a review method. The official website of SID, IranDoc, Iran Medex, Ensani Portal, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were used to search for resources. After searching keywords, the statistical population of this study included 94 articles and 7 books published between 2012 and 2021. A total of 13 articles and 5 books met the criteria to be included in the analysis. The results show 21 techniques from articles and 54 techniques from books. While cognitive techniques were the most common in the articles, the most common techniques in the books were of the experimental type. A review of the internal papers in this study revealed that less attention was paid to experimental techniques. Since experimental techniques play a constructive role in achieving therapeutic goals, the use of experimental techniques can be an effective step in treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that more attention be paid to experimental techniques in group schema therapy.

Cohabitation is an unofficial lifestyle that has been accepted amongst Iranian youth. The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically evaluate cohabitation in the youth of Tehran. The population of this study was all couples (not officially married) between 18 to 40 years old in Tehran who had been living together for at least 6 months until May 2021. The purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select samples (n=10). In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to analyze their experience. In order to analyze the data, the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis method (IPA) was applied. Ten main topics and four core categories were extracted. The main themes of this study were: satisfaction; diminishing religious beliefs; openness to experience; personal independence; globalization; avoidance of marriage; the prelude to marriage; individualism; the role of peers; and functional life. It seems that as the Iranian society undergoes the process of modernization, cohabitation has become a free and at the same time committed form of relationship which is chosen more than ever as an alternative to official marriage by couples in Tehran.

From the perspective of critical psychology, the concepts of science have a historical-social aspect. Psychology is generally considered to be the result of a process of knowledge accumulation. But critical psychology, as an interdisciplinary science in the humanities, considers psychological concepts to be historical and consistent with certain socio-historical contexts. "Guidance and counseling" has been the focus of many researchers over the past half-century. The purpose of this study was to examine these concepts from the perspective of critical historiography. In this form of historiography, the phenomenon under study is examined from the perspective of "discontinuity". The findings of this study showed that Iranian psychology has shifted from the "discourse of guidance" to the "discourse of counseling" over the past half-century. The first discourse was formed and dominated from the 1940s to the 1970s, and the second from the 1970s to the present. As a result, the "discourse of guidance to specific jobs" was replaced by the "discourse of counseling, skills training, and self-direction". Finally, while summarizing the findings, the relationship between these two discourses and the changes in the political economy of the 1970s was discussed.

The aim of the present study was to explore the role of basic psychological needs in the relation between interpersonal dependency and mental health. To do so, 251 male and female psychology students of University of Tehran participated in the study. The sampling method was non-random and available. Participants provided self-reports on Interpersonal Dependency Inventory, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Satisfaction With Life Questionnaire, and Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire. To analyze the data, the statistical methods of computing mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficients and structural equation methods were used. The results showed that the need for autonomy, competency, and the relatedness play a medi-ating role between types of dependency with life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. Satis-faction of relatedness and competency mode-rates the relationship between types of dependency and all health variables, and Satis-faction of competency moderates the relation-ship between types of dependency and all health variables except the relationship bet-ween exploitable dependency and depression. Therefore, the results imply that basic psycho-logical needs are important in improving psychological health of individuals; Moreover, targeting these mediating variables can reduce symptoms in individuals, because it is more feasible and achievable than changing the quality of dependency.

With the pervasiveness of psychological language for understanding individuals, critical reflection on it has come to the attention of thinkers. In the present study, using Stuart Hall's views, the representation of "human" in the form of two semantic systems of personality and self was considered. Therefore, the defended dissertations in the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, were used. For this purpose, we used critical discourse analysis to extract the way of naturalizing and stereotyping. Therefore, out of 627 dissertations, about 170 dissertations were selected, which used the concepts of "personality" and "self" to refer to a human in their titles. Analyzing the content of dissertation titles in order to extract sitting the concepts together related to these two key concepts showed that we are facing two different semantic systems. First, since the late 1380s, the "Personality semantic system" has been declining and given way to its "Self semantic system". Second, in the Personality semantic system, we encounter trait as a biological concept, and in the Self semantic system, we encounter function and role as a cognitive-social concept. Then we tried to highlight the role of the cognitive science movement in this linguistic shift from a biological concept to a cognitive-social concept. We then turn to the similarities: Overall, reification-based approaches are the most important similarities between these two semantic systems for understanding human.

One of the Important factors of attracting audience lies within broadcast schedule of TV programs or Conductor in programming process. This should be under special attention by IRIB as to have a successful presence in media competition realm. In order to recognize & explain the principals and effective components in designing TV schedule for IRIB, the Delphi method was applied by benefiting from 12 experts votes who were purposefully chosen. According to the saturation theory, the approved variables by experts were recognized in three phase. Below you can find the most important  variables which all the expert came upon agreement: Paying attention to the schedule of competing & aligned networks, private & public watching patterns, setting the schedule according to Prime Time components, using the markings on schedule, needs & interests of audience, personalization of arrangement in schedule, considering the goals and missions of the network, having a scenario for broadcast and arranging the schedule, generating monopoly & authority in thematic and specialized domain of the network, keeping the rhythm in schedule and programs, considering the learning plateau, proximity and considering tension & calm in programs. These were partitioned in four topics as: Timing (13 Items), Proportion (17 Items), Audience (14 Items), Policy Making & Management (14 Items). Based on these facts, the variables of the proportion domain gained the highest frequency among effective components in arranging TV schedule.

The present study aimed to examine the moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between ego strength and assertiveness. The statistical population of the present study included all students of Tehran University in 2018. The statistical sample was Three hundred and one students who were selected by the cluster sampling method. All participants were asked to complete the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (Rathus, 1973), Ego Strength Scale (Besharat, 2007), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown and Ryan, 2003). The results indicated that assertiveness had a significant positive association with ego strength and mindfulness. The results of regression analysis indicated that mindfulness has no moderating effect on the relationship between assertiveness and ego strength.