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In this experiment, corn syrup was mixed with different feedstuffs and was evaluated in comparison to commercial sucrose fondant paste. Experimental treatments included a commercial fondant sucrose paste, Zarnam corn syrup paste, enriched Zarnam corn syrup paste (treatment 2 plus 0.5% vitamin and mineral supplement), Zarnam corn syrup vegetable paste, vegetable paste enriched with Zarnam corn syrup (Treatment 4 plus 0.5% vitamin and mineral supplement), and sucrose paste. Results showed that the commercial paste treatment had the highest population, and the enriched Zarnam syrup paste treatment had the lowest population (P<0.05). The larval population in all treatments containing Zarnam corn syrup, except the enriched Zarnam corn syrup paste, was similar to the commercial paste  (P<0.05). The highest pupal population was belonged to  commercial paste treatment, which was significantly higher than enriched Zarnam corn syrup paste and sucrose paste (P<0.05). The egg-laying rate of the queen in Zarnam enriched corn syrup plant paste, and sucrose paste treatments was statistically similar to commercial paste, while it was lower in other Zarnam corn syrup treatments (P<0.05). The lowest amount of pollen storage was related to the Zarnam syrup paste treatment, which was significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between other treatments. Based on the results of this research it can be concluded that it is possible to prepare an enriched herbal paste by combining Zarnam corn syrup with plant materials, mineral and vitamin supplements, with the same effects on production performance of bees as commercial fondant sucrose paste.

Studies had shown that excessive production of free radicals during sperm processing decreases its quality parameters including motility, viability, and fertilizing ability. Therefore, it seems necessary to use a compound with antioxidant properties during this process. Evening primrose oil has antioxidant properties due to its phenolic compounds. the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adding evening primrose seed oil to freezing diluent on the quality of ram sperm after freezing and thawing process.

In this research, the semen of 5 adult Romanov rams with an average age of 3 to 4 years and average weight of 60 to 65 kg were used. Semen collected using artificial vagina from trained rams twice a week. The treatments included control (without evening primrose seed oil), treatment 1 with 25 microliters EPSO, treatment 2 with 50 microliters EPSO, treatment 3 with 100 microliters EPSO. The collected semen sample to laboratory and examined in terms of volume, concentration and motility. Semen samples were diluted with a diluent based on Tris- lecithin soy and frozen. After thawing, parameters of general mobility and progressive mobility and other parameters related to mobility were evaluated. The survival percentage, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and peroxidation were determined.

The results showed that the level of 25 microliters of evening primrose seed oil improve the motility of the whole sperm compared to the control group, and no significant difference was observed in other experimental treatments compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the 25 and 50 microliters treatments with the control group in the progressive parameter, but there was a significant difference with the 100 microliters treatment compared to the other treatments and the control treatment(P<0.01).The results of lipid peroxidation showed that the lowest amount of Malon-di-aldehyde production was related to the 25 microliters treatment but no significant difference was observed with the control treatment. The results of the apoptosis test showed that the addition of levels of 25 and 50 microliters of evening primrose seed oil decreased the amount of apoptosis compared to the control group and the level of 100 microliters of evening primrose seed oil(P<0.01). Also, survival in the treatment of 25 and 50 microliters compared to others The treatments had a significant difference and increased survival(P<0.01). And finally, dead sperms in the 25 microliters treatment were less compared to other experimental groups, and this caused a significant difference in this trait compared to other levels(P<0.01).

In general, the addition of evening primrose seed oil in the freezing diluent leads to an increase in the viability and health of the plasma membrane of sperms after thawing. Adding 25 microliters of evening primrose seed oil to the diluent caused a significant difference in the parameters of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis compared to the control treatment.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of energy and protein on performance, digestibility, blood parameters and fertility of 18 females and three male rabbits were selected. Female rabbits were divided into three groups individually for two weeks and from the diet of treatments containing 1- low energy (2200 kcal) -low protein (14%) 2- medium energy (2400 kcal) -medium protein (16%) and 3- High energy (2600 kcal) -high protein (18%) was used in a completely randomized design. Female rabbits were weighed at the beginning of the period. The evaluation of performance, including daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured in every 15 days. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, fecal sampling in the last 3 days of the experiment from 3 rabbits in each treatment measured using acid-insoluble ash method. Blood samples were taken before morning feeding to determine the blood parameters including triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose. After this period, a male rabbit was placed in the group for mating and the next day it was replaced with another. The mating period was six days. Reproductive factors including fertility, offspring and multiple births were examined. Results showed that there was no significant difference between initial weight, final weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and dry matter digestibility. Blood glucose (125 mg/dl) had significant difference between treatments. The medium protein - energy treatment had the highest percentage (100%) of fertility. The offspring in low protein - energy showed the highest percentage. The longest gestation period and the most neonatal weight were observed in high protein -energy. In overall, moderate energy and moderate protein treatments are recommended for female rabbits ready for mating.

Chemical composition and in situ (dry matter and NDF) degradability were measured to assess the nutritive value of rice, canola, cotton seed, soybean and corn straw treated with Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus fungi. Various straw samples were inoculated with fungi mycelium that collected from Forest (Shastkola) in Gorgan-Iran and were kept in plastic bags with three replicates for 21 days. Then chemical composition and rumen degradability of dry matter were measured. Degradability of dry matter and NDF were obtained from three fistulasted Dalagh rams at 0, 4,8,16,24,48 and 72 hours using in situ technique. The results showed that the CP content in treated corn and cotton seed straws were significantly increased. The NDF content of straws expect corn straw were increased after proceesing with fungi. Data showed that the degradability (72 hours), effective degradability at different k (0.02, 0.05 and 0.08/h) and water soluble fraction(a) of dry matter and NDF content of corn straw treated with Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus fungi was higher than other straws. According to findings, it was concluded that Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus had different effects on degradability of NDF, CP and dry matter in varieties of straw.

Metabolic status of animal at calving time is influenced on postpartum reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body condition score (BCS) at calving on postpartum reproductive performance in dairy cows. Fourteen dairy cows were assigned into two equal thin (BCS<2.5) and fat (BCS≥3) groups, based on their body condition score at calving. Body weight (BW) and BCS were measured every other week, starting from two weeks before calving till pregnancy confirmation. Rectal palpation was performed weekly to evaluate uterus status and also presence or absent of corpus luteum on ovaries, starting a week after calving. In order to study of interrelationship between BCS and some blood parameters with reproductive traits bleeding was performed every other week. Least squares means (±Se) of blood plasma concentrations of estrogen (pg/ml) for thin and fat cows were 90.6±3 and 37.4±11 and of progesterone (ng/ml) 1.5±0.3 and 6.6±3.0, respectively. Blood plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, urea, total cholesterol and triglyceride were similar in thin and fat cows. Mean (±Se) uterus returning time (37±6.9 vs. 26.4±3.5 days), time of first ovulation (54.2±6 vs. 37.5±5.2 days) and interval from calving to first service (95.0±14 vs. 67.5±12 days) was significantly greater for thin cows. Conception rate in thin and fat cows were 71.4 and 85.7, respectively. Correlation between BCS with estrogen and progesterone were -0.7 and -0.35, respectively. In addition, correlation between BCS and reproductive parameters was negative. This study showed that BCS at calving affects postpartum reproductive performance.Keywords: