ریحانه پورخلیلی

Tawhid (Divine Unity), as the fundamental principle of divine teachings, comprises various categories, among which Essential Unity is considered the foundation of all others and the highest level of Tawhid. Verses related to Essential Unity are among the most thought-provoking and disputed topics among commentators. This study explores the perspectives of Zamakhshari and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli regarding the implication of verse 4 of Surah Zumar:“Had Allah wished to take a son, He could have chosen from what He creates whatever He willed. Glory be to Him! He is Allah, the One, the Prevailing.”The research employs an analytical-comparative method to examine their viewpoints. The findings indicate that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in rejecting the theory of adoption and its impossibility-an idea also noted by Zamakhshari-argues that the concept of divine selection and adoption is impossible and contradicts God’s Essential Unity. Since God is uniquely One and has no equal, His Essential Unity implies dominance over all multiplicity. Thus, no being is worthy of divine adoption to fulfill its needs or manage affairs.

Social systems define the basic principles and requirements for human growth and advancement. Various factors play a role in the formation of a morality-based social system with the aim of bringing happiness to humanity. Among psychological traits, “guiding” and “performing” are two factors in the formation of the social system on the basis of Qur'anic ethics. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, investigates the role of the guiding personality traits in the formation of the morality-based social system, and explains the role of certainty as one of the guiding personality traits in the formation of the ethical social system. By following the order of revelation of the Meccan verses which calling to adhere to ethics is one of the distinguishing features of this group of verses, the interpretation odds are reduced, the exact meaning of the verses becomes clear, and many ambiguity is removed.
The results show that after prosperity and the formation of certainty, the existence of man and his soul does not take any step except in the pursuit of fulfilling the divine commands, and to achieve this goal, man seeks to form a systematic social group that guarantees the growth and perfection of the individual and society.

If the researches in Quranic issues and studies are done delicately, it could be resulted out that the source of most studies which focus on Quran reveal in order to prove the divine issues were Holy Quran. The present paper which is done in analytical – descriptive method, designates the question below to prove the reality of Holy Quran and criticizes and analyzes it to verify the claim on the dreamy language of Quran. The question is: how is the transfer of the meanings in Quran and How does Allah talk to his people in Holy Quran?