زهرا انصاری

The aim of the present study was to understand the lived experience of primary education teachers in the first grade on the caring approach. This qualitative research was conducted using the phenomenological method. The sampling method was purposive (criterion-based). Data were collected by interviewing 18 elementary school teachers working in public schools in Karaj city who were willing to participate in the research and attended sessions where the basics of caring were explained by the researcher. The research was conducted in the academic year 1401-1402.. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. Data were collected by interviewing 18 teachers who had implemented the caring approach in the classroom. The data analysis method was conducted using thematic analysis. To ensure the validity of the research, Lincoln and Guba criteria were used. The analysis of the interviews revealed 1 comprehensive theme, 5 organizing themes, and 23 basic themes. The results of the study indicated that the effective items in the caring approach in the classroom include fostering students' responsibility, fostering a sense of respect for differences, fostering students' character, deep attention and a sense of accountability for others, concern for strangers, altruism, increasing the sense of belonging to others, the use of indirect teaching, the use of student-centered teaching, the use of dynamic and flexible teaching, providing an empathetic atmosphere in the school, the existence of intra-school communications, positive communication with each other, protecting relationships with others, paying attention to the emotions caused by the classroom environment, paying attention to the emotions caused by the school environment, emotionalism and compassion, empathy, sympathy, increasing emotional competence in students, a compassionate view of others, attention to collective and individual emotions, and compassion for oneself.

Discharge against Medical Advice (DAM) is a process during which the patient leaves the hospital without completing the course of treatment and with the consent of the doctor. This study investigated the frequency and causes of discharge against medical advice and its related factors in Ghods Psychiatric Hospital in Sanandaj during 2017.

This is a descriptive-analytical study. The study population was all patients admitted to Qhods Hospital during 2017. Demographic and hospital related information and reasons for discharge were collected and completed with a pre-designed checklist. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and Chi-square test.
 

The rate of discharge against Medical Advice   was 5.7%, 69.3% of the subjects were male, 55.3% were married, 51.5% were in the age range of 27 to 52 years,. 77.2% of hospitalizations were emergency, 63.4% of hospitalizations were the first time and mainly on holidays , evening and night shifts.
 Sex didn’t have a significant relation with the type of discharge(p=0.538). Day and shift of hospitalization(p=0.001), (p=0.002), age(p=0.001), number  of previous hospitalizations(p=0.0001)., ward(p=0.0001).and marital status(p=0.022).  had a significant relation with the type of discharge.
Personal couses(80.2%) was the main reason for discharge and the patientchr('39')s insistence (36.6%) was the most personal reason for discharge against medical advice.The most discharge occur in first 10 day of admition.

In general, the rate of discharge against medical advice in Qhods Psychiatric Hospital is lower than other similar psychiatric and non-psychiatric studies in Iran, but higher than the global statistics.The patientchr('39')s insistence was the main reason for discharge and The most discharge occur in first 10 day of admition .According to this results, it seems that more focus on patient education during hospitalization, especially in the first days plays a major role in reducing discharge against medical advice and consequently reduce the complications   in health care system.

The concept of love is a fundamental and intricate aspect of human experience, drawing significant attention from scholars and philosophers. Among the various theories exploring this phenomenon is Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which delves into the psychological dimensions of love and is commonly utilized in the analysis of literary works. This article employs an analytical-comparative approach to examine the behaviors of mythological deities from India, Greece, and Mesopotamia through the lens of Sternberg's theory. By juxtaposing these divine narratives with Sternberg's framework of seven types of love, observations reveal a prevalence of "fatuous love" in Greek mythology, alongside instances of "empty love," "companionate love" and "consummate love" in Indian myths, while Mesopotamian tales exhibit fewer examples of love. These findings potentially mirror cultural perceptions and conceptions of love within these societies. The study sheds light on the intricate emotional and abstract capacities of early civilizations.

Machine learning algorithms were used to predict the area of water resources in the Tigris and Euphrates River basins. A descriptive-analytical method analyzed the relationship between water resource forecasting and geopolitical conflicts. The study’s main question is how changes in water resource areas from 2000 to 2023 will impact geopolitical tensions by 2040. Predictions indicate a decline in water resources from 8,356.16 km² in 2020 to 5,956.04 km² in 2040, with the gradient boost method achieving the highest accuracy. This reduction is driven by Turkey’s dam construction in the upper Tigris basin and climate change, leading to a water crisis and heightened geopolitical tensions among Iran, Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. Hydropolitical challenges are expected to create both tensions and opportunities for cooperation among basin countries. To address these challenges, the study suggests establishing a regional union for integrated water resource management. This union would include all four basin countries and aim to reduce tensions through collaborative water governance and sustainable resource management. Integrated efforts are essential to mitigate climate change impacts, ensure equitable water distribution, and prevent future conflicts. The research emphasizes the urgent need for regional cooperation to balance competing interests and secure the future of shared water resources.

The novel entitled Mr. Pip by Lloyd Jones, a writer from New Zealand, was written under the influence of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations from which the author borrows the name of one of the characters in his story, Mr. Pip. The events of this story take place on an island in Australia. Lloyd Jones deals with issues related to the island's civil wars in the early 90s with the aim of offering realistic education which is in line with equipping students with the skills needed to adapt to the environment. In Mr. Pip, Lloyd Jones tries to represent people and social situations as they are in real life. To do so, the author of the novel adopts a problem-oriented approach that realistically expresses the surrounding realities. The present study aims to answer a fundamental question related to this novel: what are the most important components of Educational Realism in Mr. Pip? Findings suggest that in Mr. Pip, Lloyd Jones emphasizes the role of the teacher in training students by shedding light on the effects of the teacher's teachings and innovation in persuading and motivating the students in the class.

The description of wine (and the othere names of wine such as: mey, Bade, nabiz, siki and sahba) is one of the most common themes in Persian poetry. From describing its color, taste, and smell to enumerating its properties and functions such as healing, alleviation of grief, and immortality of life. In the Avesta and other Zoroastrian texts, we find the same pattern in the praise of "haoma" in three forms: God, Plant, and Drink. In this article, after enumerating the common descriptive themes of Zoroastrian haoma and sharab (wine) in Khorasan style poetry, we will attempt to answer the question of how tenable is the hypothesis of the transfer of the Zoroastrian haoma tradition to Persian poetry. The common themes of the two mentioned textual fields are: giver of eternal life, healer, grief-reliever, brave-maker, bright, shining and good as well as description of colors. This research is qualitative in nature and was conducted using the content analysis method.

The psychology of political leaders is one of the branches of political psychology. Therefore, studying in this area and recognizing the personality of policy makers is important. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the character of political leaders and their geopolitical goals in the political future of the world. The present study is a "theoretical foundation" research. Also, in accordance with the qualitative strategy, descriptive-analytical research method has been used to conduct the research. the Indicate that Gandhi, the political leader of India, has a director who has a character and has a geopolitical impact on the rest of the world. These influences include Indian independence in Britain, the American black civil rights movement and the South African anti-colonial movement, which, until the contemporary period, remains the same for the world. While Hitler has a combination of two characters, he has been thrown into an agitated and reformist dilemma, and based on this, Hitler believes in the vital space of Ratzel, which, in the belief, has also led to geopolitical changes, such as the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the anti-communist treaty. Understanding the psychological characteristics of the personality of political leaders of countries has a great service in predicting (political foresight) their present and future behavior and will probably prevent unfortunate events at the national and global levels. Accordingly, the link between political psychology and its important branch of personality psychology can be of great help to geopolitical knowledge in predicting the future of the world on a very large scale.

In Ayyari Persian short stories, women have a prominent, vivid, pivotal, and influential role and presence. It is reflected in various ways and forms in these texts. Ayyari discourse in the history of Iran has always been formed in opposition to the existing dominant order, seeking rights and equality, and eliminating authoritarianism, discrimination, and oppression. Ayyar women in Ayyari's stories represent the same discourse and, in a way, represent Ayyari's subculture in the face of an oppressive and immoral male-dominated system. This research has been done with a qualitative approach. It uses content analysis method. First, the stories of Ayyari women are collected, then the way of thinking of women in the face of all kinds of oppression and tyranny of men, especially in the field of gender discrimination, are counted, analyzed, and explained. According to the research findings, the highest frequency of these tricks is dedicated to humiliation, deception, disguise, use of anesthesia, and secret escape. Most of the tricks used by women are reactionary, that is they are responses from women to male sexual diversity, injustice, inequality, oppression, coercion, authoritarianism, and the exercise of power in a patriarchal society. It is in this context that women find opportunity for "masculinity."

A heroic scene is a kind of folk tale that depicts the exaggerated battle of real, historical or imaginary heroes and heroines along with their adventurous and romantic adventures. Many of the characteristics, traits and actions of the hero of the stories are rooted in the heroic traditions of ancient Iran, mythological ideas and the system of nobility and chivalry. They had popular literature with Shahnameh. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the hero of folk tales in comparison with the hero of Shahnameh in terms of birth pattern and related principles, military and political actions, and the characteristics of modesty and chivalry. The results of the discussion show that the hero of popular literature has a lot in common with the hero of the national epic in the pattern of birth, quality of upbringing and education, warlike character, using fine tricks and adhering to the requirements of chivalry ethics; But according to his popular origin, in political actions and the type of dealing with the institution of power, he acts more freely and independently than the hero of Shahnameh.

Fotowat as a powerful subculture in the span of Iranian civilization has created many discourses throughout the history. An examination of the original sources and texts of Fotowat shows that Shiite views and elements, in addition to creating a special kind of Fotowat as a Shiite discourse, have also profoundly influenced the other currents and discourses of this subculture. This article adopts a qualitative content analysis method in examining the ancient and original sources of Fotowat, to answer the question of "How well the components of Fotowat discourse such as the ideal-Shiite subculture are represented in the written texts and the socio-historical context?". The findings of the research show that the Shiite aspect of Fotowat has been manifested in the three axes of sanctification of spiritual guide, spiritual pole and the manifestation of a perfect human in the image of Imam Ali (AS); justice and anti-oppression; as well as the advocacy and defense of the weak and protection of morality in social life and urban environment under the name of heroic character.

One of the salient features of Saadi's lyric poems is the abundance of words, compositions and images that describe violence and the battlefield. These words are usually used when portraying a lover or expressing a love state. Considerable use of words related to the battlefield and describing a violent, bloodthirsty, archer and warrior lover is an undeniable characteristic of Saadi's lyric poems and more or less classical Persian love poems as a whole. The abundance of such words and combinations related to war, including battlefield tools, description of the battlefield and poetic images and descriptions of such words and combinations in Saadi's love sonnets, deserves to be studied, pondered and analyzed from the viewpoint of various approaches. In the present paper, in an attempt to find the motives behind this, various fields of humanities including history, mythology and psychology have been used and the reasons suggested by the authors have been presented based on poetic evidence and the findings of other researchers of the field.

The present study is a qualitative library research. The researchers first extracted the data from the text of Saadi's lyric poems and then analyzed them using other sources. The purpose of this study is to determine the number of words, interpretations and images related to the battle in Saadi's lyric poems and determining what could be the reason for the frequent use of such words and interpretations and images. To date, no similar research has been conducted on the reasons for the abundance of war words in the structure of Saadi's love lyric. The closest research to the present paper is the paper of Dr. Hassan Zolfaghari entitled "Warrior Lovers in Love Poems and Folk Myths", which appeared in the bi-quarterly journal of "Persian Language and Literature." Excerpts from the book "History of the Body in Literature" authored by Seyyed Mehdi Zarghani et al. (2016) can further be considered close to the subject of the present study; However, in neither of these two researches, Saadi's lyric poems are not the main subject discussed. In the section on mythological backgrounds of this research, the paper "A hypothesis on the similarities between Anahita and the beloved of Iranian poets" written by Dr. Alireza Mozaffari, which appeared in the "Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Mashhad" in 1995, is preferable; However, again in this paper, Saadi's lyric poems are not the main subject of the research.

Statistical scanning of this study indicates that in 637 of Saadi's sonnets, all words and combinations related to war number 1014 cases, of which the most repeated is the  source verb of "killing/murder", which along with its grammatical derivatives and synonyms is used 152 times as a whole; Images such as "killed by the sword", "killed by crossing", "killed by an arrow", "killed by a razor", and "coming to kill" are also included in the statistical data of this group. The next most frequent word is "blood" and its derivatives and illustrative compounds, which with 3 repetitions, is the most frequent word in Saadi's sonnets. The word "enemy" and its compounds, with 125 repetitions, has the third place, and the word "arrow" and its compounds, in addition to "lasso" and its compounds with 88 repetitions, occupy the fourth place. "Sword" and its compounds with 58, "Blade" and its compounds with 57, "bow" and its compounds with 49, "captive" and its compounds with 43, "shield" and its compounds with 38, "looting" and its compounds with 37, "injury" and its compounds with 32, "war" and its compounds with 31, "army and its compounds with 18, "chain" with 12, "arrow" and its compounds with 11, "navak" (a kind of arrow) and its compounds with 9, "khadang" (a kind of arrow) with 7, "armor" and its compounds with 6,  “joshan" (a kind of armor) with 5, "peeling" with 3, "weapon" and its compounds with 3, "dagger" with 2 "spear", "caparison" and "catapult" with 1 appearances are found in Saadi's lyric poems. To find the original motives behind the abundance of words and images related to war in Saadi's sonnets, the following items were examined: 1- Mythical backgrounds (the continuation of the old model of the goddess of love and war in poetry); 2- Manifestation of the political situation during the poet's life and his poetry, including the Mongol invasion and the Crusades; 3- The prevalence of pederasty in Saadi's time and the entry of the element of Turkish slaves into the social and literary contexts; 4-Association of meanings and symmetry, especially the two principles of "proximity" and "contradiction". The proximity of "sword", "razor", "arrow", "bow" and "shield" and the contradiction of "peace" with "war", "friend" and "enemy" are among the most frequent patterns of association of meanings in Saadi's sonnets.

In all Saadi's 637 sonnets, 1014 types of words and combinations related to the battlefield have been detected. Among these words, the source verb "killing" and its compounds have the most repetition. After that, comes “blood" and its derivatives. The words "enemy", "arrow", "bow", "sword", "razor", "arch", "captive", "shield", "plunder", "wound", "war", "army " ,"Chain ", "arrow ",  "navak"," khadang","armor","joshan","Peeling"," Weapon", "Dagger", "spear", "caparison" "catapult"  come in the next places. The main subject of this research is to investigate the reasons for the frequent presence of war words and images in Saadi's sonnet. In general, the reasons for the abundance of words related to war in Saadi's lyric poems can be presented as follows: A factor that has provided the ground for this fact is the existence of the goddesses of "love" and "war" in the myths of Mesopotamia, Iran, Greece and Rome, many years before the beginning of history. Furthermore, the pattern of the "warrior lover" is linked to the theme of pederasty and the presence of Turkish slaves in the cultural sphere and poetic atmosphere of Iran, especially in the centuries before Saadi and his contemporaries. Also, the political situation of the poet's time, and in particular the devastating attacks of the Mongols, has made the mental and poetic atmosphere of the country warlike. Finally, the two principles of "proximity" and "contradiction" in the association of meanings are also the reasons for the frequent presence of war words in Saadi's love sonnets.

In the past two decades, there has been a growing trend towards the development and use of biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite and fluor-hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite and fluor-hydroxyapatite have good bioactivity in human body and thus have good potential in biological applications. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and flour-hydroxyapatite (FHA; Ca10(PO4)6(FOH)) nano powders were synthesized with two different methods of calcination and without calcination (adjust the pH value to about 11) by sol-gel processing. The Phase analysis, powder morphology, thermal behaviors, the bonds configuration, functional groups and biological assesment of the sinthesized samples were studied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo-gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Cell culture method respectively. The results of XRD analysis and FTIR showed the presence of hydroxyapatite and flour-hydroxyapatite phases. The average crystallite size estimated from XRD patterns using the Scherrer equation increased from 16 and 25 nm at adjust pH method to 34 and 35 nm at 600 C° for hydroxyapatite and flour-hydroxyapatite respectively. The SEM results showed that the morphology of all of the nanopowders was spherical and semi-spherical shape with size particles are less than 100 nanometers and also, the nanoparticle size of the powders increased with fluoride substitution and calcination. The result of Cell culture of samples without calcination indicates that the substitution of fluorine (F) into the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal causes a significant increase in the cell proliferation.

The city of Tehran, based on the 1404 document and the comprehensive plan approved in 2007, is a global, sustainable and coherent city with a structure suitable for leisure and leisure as well as a well-informed urban community with appropriate infrastructure. In order to achieve such a definition, the mentioned documents include promotion of the role and position of Tehran in transnational, national and regional levels, economic development and prosperity of the city of Tehran, improvement of communication networks, environmental protection, active restitution and conservation of natural heritage , Historical and cultural city of Tehran, and the development of green spaces, public spaces, recreation and tourism are predicted. One of the most important areas that can be used to operate the above strategies is the urban tourism area in the Tehran metropolis. Therefore, the issue of competition in urban tourism is an important factor in the progress of all cities of the country in competing with each other and, as a result of the prosperity and prosperity of the country at the national level, and then in competition with neighboring countries and globally, will make rapid progress and attract much capital to the country. The main objective of the research is to study the political geography of competition in urban tourism. Seeking to reach the goal of this article, the statistical population of the study is the provinces of Iran, which Tehran province has selected as a case study. In line with the aim of the study, data related to tourist attractions were collected using the Statistical Yearbook of the provinces (Tourism Organization, Cultural Heritage, Governorchr('39')s Office in 1395) and then TOPSIS and ARC map software were used to map the provinces.

 In this study CS/nFHA composite at different compositions 90/10-50/50-40/60 w/w synthesized by sol-gel method. This nanocomposite is used as biocompatible materials for bone tissue engineering. The appropriate amounts of P/F solution was added dropwise to the Ca solution to yield a stoichiometric ratio of Ca/P1.67 and P/F6. The Phase analysis, powder morphology, the bonds configuration, functional groups, thermal behaviors and biological assesment of the sinthesized samples were studied by X-ray Diffraction XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, Thermo-gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis TG-DTA and Cell culture method respectively. The XRD and SEM results showed that increasing chitosan content in the composite decreased the average FHA nanocrystallite size. The results of FTIR showed the presence of flour-hydroxyapatite phase. The result of Cell culture indicates that the addition of 10 w/w FHA has a positive effect on the cell proliferation.

Language is the most important device for communication, but one coded form of it is used to restrict communication. The Coded Language of Jaberi is one of the most unknown languages in Iran that was originally developed by the people of Jaber village (of Badre County, Ilam Province). This language is known as žêrzuwanaki in the local dialect. The purpose of this research was to study the linguistic characteristics of the coded language of Jaberi. The data were collected through field research based on the researchers’ linguistic aptitude and interviews with native speakers of this language. The results indicated that the phonemes, syntax and grammar of the coded language of Jaberi is similar to the standard language of the region, but lexically it is completely different. The inventors of this language were also Jaberi’s prayer writers who traveled to different areas in the past to pray for people, and they needed a coded language to keep their secrets hidden from others. Results show that the creators of coded languages including the coded language of Jaberi are usually business owners who have invented such languages to protect their business secrets.

Presently, water, as one of the geographical sources of power, plays a significant role in international relationships. According to several geopolitics experts, “The next war in the Middle East will be about water.” The shortage of drinking water in the Persian Gulf region has prompted some statesmen to review their previous policies and adopt a more realistic standpoint in this regard. Accordingly, the countries in this region are facing several challenges due to their lack of access to drinking water. Although these countries are located on the shores of the Persian Gulf, they cannot use its water for drinking purposes because of its extreme salinity. On the other hand, being located on the coasts of the Persian Gulf, such countries enjoy a desirable strategic situation, and this waterway can perform a significant role in their international relationships. Here, the authors have adopted a descriptive-analytic approach in order to examine the hydropolitics of the Persian Gulf. They also intend to demonstrate that the next war in this region will be over water and gaining access to water resources. Undoubtedly, Iran plays the main role in establishing peace and convergence instead of conflict and tension with respect to this major issue.

Elections have become one of the most important forms of political participation of citizens of a country in democracies. In the process of this important process, people choose their delegates or representatives through their votes, but how they do this and how they can enter the elections in different countries and democracies. Currently, in most democracies in the world, people are referring to people's choices to elect actors in important areas such as parliament, presidency, city council, and so on. The political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on religious democracy, is no exception to this rule. On this basis, the electoral system of each country determines the playing field and the competition that exists between various political groups, because the electoral law determines the distribution of power among parties and political groups in each society. The purpose of the paper is to examine the extent of participation in the eleventh presidential election in Semnan province relative to the country's total average. Therefore, in this article, descriptive-analytic research method has been used. The results of the research show that the participation rate has always been a constant and growing trend in Semnan province, which can be attributed to the high degree of development in this province.

thenational capitals, is the largest center of political power gathering in the country and a place for the national and executive rulers of the country. However, due to the coordination mechanisms used by the government of each country, the factors influencing the choice of the capital's location are usually political or strategic rather than economic. The city of Tehran has been divided into four developmental levels based on the level of development and integration of the seven criteria. Accordingly, I divided the city of Tehran into four geopolitical regions. The emphasis in this paper is on the geopolitical area of the north-center (1-3-6), which has a strategic position in Tehran, and as the region progresses, the economic, social and environmental development of all areas of Tehran will progress. Because the city is a system, it is an open system, which, with the advancement of each geopolitical region, will further the development of other regions and distribute it, it will ultimately lead to progressand achievement of the country in the political power that is the geopolitical essence. The main factor in the development of geopolitical areas is the emphasis on the main function of the regions and the more competition of these regions, which will compete in the regions of each area trying to be the best, as a result of Tehran's strategic city has become one of the best capitals in Southwest Asia and eventually triggered More economic power will be nationalized

It does not take much time to use the term “confession” in Iran. Less than five decades, the minds of our scholars and planners have become familiar with this concept. Adjustment is the regulation of the relationship between man and space, and essentially involves human activities in space. The purpose of regulating this relationship is to use a rational utilization of all facilities in order to improve the material and spiritual condition of society over time. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the distribution of the border areas of the Oman Sea from Bandar Abbas to the Persian Gulf. Using the SWOT model, it looks at the strengths of the Bandar Abbas to the Goethe Bay, and then proposes proposals to address the problems and deficiencies that are tailored to the conditions in which these border regions are located. It is expected that the results of this study will lead policy makers and planners to the optimal development of the border areas of the Oman Sea. Unfortunately, despite the sensitivity and importance of the issue, in the history of land planning, environmental and defense considerations have been marginalized and have not been seriously addressed. Which could result in security consequences and the collapse of territorial unity and territorial integrity in various dimensions and threaten the power and national authority. In this regard, based on the issue and the purpose of the research, the following question has been asked: 1.What are the factors that determine the distribution of the border areas of the Oman Sea from Bandar Abbas to the port of Goater? In line with the research question, the proposed hypothesis included: 1- The distribution of the border areas of the Oman Sea from Bandar Abbas to the port of Goater depends on the political and security factors of the border regions.

The "inner-text reader" is a critical approach of literature that forms on the basis of reader-centered theory. Using it in the text to make the relation between the writer and the reader possible, Wolfgang Iser and Aidan Chambers have tried to decode the author's second self in open texts; because an expert author utilizes some techniques in his/her text, and the relativist reader receives a reward at each reading, discovering the technique as a winning sheet to relate the author. The story of Sheikh Sana'an is one of the classical works of Persian literature that is full of these techniques. The author's relationship, from this point of view, and creative readings of the contemporary reader provide a new face of Iranian-Islamic literature to the world. Based on the components of inner-text reader and on the basis of the principles of narratology, it has been tried, in present paper, to find signs of this approach in the story of Sheikh Sana'an. Through the study of the approaches and adapting them with the story of Sheikh Sana'an, it has been shown that decoding the inner-text reader in this story is highly possible. The power of love, the variety of vocabulary, the type of narration is used, problem solving, problem making and transcendental actions have created an interconnected relation between the author and the particular reader to penetrate the "deepen structure of the story."

Administrative divisions are a clear indication of the role played by states in managing the territorial space, which is being discussed in many disciplines, especially in geopolitics. By pursuing country-specific divisions and territorial targeting, governments pursue specific goals and, according to specific rules and regulations, apply their own management in territorial territory. In the process of changing the level of political-administrative units, there are several factors that make up one of the most important ones, such as population, size, culture and ethnicity, age, security, access, etc. However, in some cases, it can be seen that the existence of a series of political and geopolitical considerations or religious or religious characteristics imposes these criteria on the sidelines and alone plays a key role in promoting the level of division of the state. One of these cases in Iran is the conversion of Qom county to Qom province. This article explores why and how it is influenced by it. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its data and data have been collected through library resources, electronics and referring to relevant documents. The results of the research showed that political and religious factor played a major role in promoting the political level of Qom and forming Qom province, and had a greater impact than other factors.

One of the most common Motifs in Iranian folk tales is the Metamorphosis of "human Ü animals" and "animals Ü human" who are seen in three ways: shape- shifting, Bewitchment or Enchantment and Reincarnation.
In the shape- shifting the person to help the hero of the story, such as intercourse with the boy or girl, the acquisition of wealth and wealth, destroying the enemy, attracting the hero of the story, guilty of goodness to the heroine, escaping the pursuer or the enemy, escaping from Grief, hiding identity, and so on. Bewitchment or Enchantment are also accomplished with goals such as punishing, capturing the hero of the story girl and marrying him, jealousy of the hero of the story, deceiving others, compassion and compassion. The Reincarnation is also aimed at revealing the secret of murder and scandalizing the murderer and, in some cases, also to compensate the hero, help, punish, and so forth.
This article attempts to investigate the Metamorphosis forms of shape- shifting, Bewitchment or Enchantment and Reincarnation in the myths of the Iranian people, in order to study the importance of preserving and studying the culture of folk tales, which is the most important platform for manifestation of ideas and ideas. Mythology is to be emphasized.
The results of this article in these stories have shape- shifting with 118 cases, Bewitchment or Enchantment with 82 cases and Reincarnation with 9 most frequencies.

In spite of its centralized political geography, Iran requires decentralization in various official and political forms. However, this issue is mainly related to the administrative divisions of the country. The main motive behind the promotion of political units is to enjoy more welfare, public service, and state credit and budget. The outcome of this endeavor is the expansion of small and big urban centers without considering any kind of macrospatial planning. Given the necessity of planning for the administrative-political decentralization of the country, based on library and internet sources, this research aimed to analyze the general status of the political-spatial organization of Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, Chabahar, and Bandar-e Mahshahr counties over a 16-year period )1996-2012( as some examples of the vast administrative divisions system of Iran. It also explored the present space of these counties based on Richard Hartshorne’s functional approach. The findings indicate that the main reasons for the promotion of the political units of the mentioned counties were the assumptions that they would receive a greater budget and enjoy some political benefits )having more delegates in the parliament and the ministry of interior(. The writers suggest an increase in the amount of service and the number of facilities provided for political units so that they would not need to be promoted in order to receive such benefits.