زهرا شیخی

Dietary patterns may play a role in development of lung cancer; however, study in the Middle Eastern is limited. This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary patterns and lung cancer risks in the region, addressing this study gap.

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in two prominent general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The study included 135 verified lung cancer cases identified through pathological and computed tomography scans and 237 control subjects free from non-neoplastic conditions and chronic diet-linked diseases. Dietary data were collected using 147-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between dietary patterns and lung cancer risks.

Two distinct dietary patterns, classified as unhealthy and healthy, emerged from the analysis. After adjusting for confounders, unhealthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with increased risks of lung cancer (OR = 3.95, 95% CI = 2.06–7.85). In contrast, a higher adherence to the healthy dietary patterns was negatively associated to lung cancer risks (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.14–0.45).

This study highlights detrimental effects of an unhealthy dietary pattern on lung cancer risks, while emphasizing protective effects of a healthy dietary pattern. These findings underscore importance of dietary interventions in lung-cancer prevention strategies.

Throughout history, clothing has been a powerful way of expressing a specific concept. But in the current post-modern era, it is considered as the secondary nature of mankind. Considering clothing as an independent artwork can shed light on what the nature of conceptual fashion is today, which contains a wide variety of contents. This approach can be traced back to the major dissident art movement. The period in which clothing, as an independent work of art, was considered as an item able to elevate its wearers higher than where they could previously reach with their natural gifts. The main purpose of this study is to identify the mental weaknesses of mankind and the role of conceptual clothing in stimulating, soothing, and guiding the subjects. However, the important question is: How clothing can be therapeutic for its subjects in an interactive environment? In addition to having an artistic view of clothing, which already plays a major role in influencing the subjects in the form of conceptual art, this research seeks to put forward a modern view called interactive-therapeutic clothing. The therapeutic approach to clothing as well as a recent notion stated in this research seeks to replace the notion claiming that it is only possible to have either a practical approach or an aesthetic one towards clothing. Accordingly, clothing is going to be surveyed in respect of the seven psychological functions of art attempting to eliminate the psychological weaknesses proposed by Alain de Botton and John Rutherford Armstrong. And to realise that because of the capabilities of clothing in influencing the subjects clothing is a crucial element in art as therapy. Entering the world of art would be a difficult task, though, since in recent decades clothing has been looked on as an item that can either be useful or aesthetic. Nevertheless, by knowing the importance of the existing web of connections between the phenomenological concepts and descriptions proposed by Merleau-Ponty and by generalizing this to the world of interactive performance we can get the key. the body is our observation platform already present in all of our experiences; thus, it receives some concepts like colour, space and depth. From the beginning to the end of this research conceptual clothing is regarded as an instance of art able to induce different concepts and actions on the subjects since they will have a corporeal experience of art. This experience takes place in an environment where clothing, next to the other instances of art, would be the most influential and leading element in influencing the subjects, since by wearing the clothes they are the actual performer. So clothes, the most intimate work of art to the body, can give the subjects a better understanding of some concepts by making them aware that they all own an artistic self and helping them revive their senses of creativity and innovation. This research is done through correlational and analytical studies. The data of this study has been gathered from other papers and books.

Understanding user e-readiness is important to any e-learning program's success. The aim of this study was to investigate the e-learning readiness of students, faculty members, and employees of Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on 187 academicians. The Academics' E-Readiness Questionnaire (ARQ) was used to evaluate e-learning readiness.

The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean rank of computer skills between students (82.5 ± 5.2), faculty members (140.1 ± 4.2), and employees (142.1 ± 3.9). So that the mean rank of faculty members and employees was significantly higher than that of students (P ≤ 0.001), the results of the Bivariate analysis showed that among the students, the number of workshops and seminars held on the topic of e-learning has a significant positive association with the mean rank of computer skills (P ≤ 0.001, r=0.343). Moreover, a Positive significant association between knowledge and attitude towards electronic education (r=0.172, P ≤ 0.001) was observed among the students. Besides, a significant negative association was found between work experience and attitude towards e-learning among faculty members (r=0.39, P=0.04).

The expansion of e-learning can be achieved through increasing the attention to educational needs, existing Platforms, required infrastructures and facilities, knowledge and attitude of employees, faculty members, and students, and the reduction of the existing resistance to change among the experienced faculty members.

Shoulder dystocia is one of the obstetric emergencies which is associated with significant fetal and maternal complications. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the frequency of shoulder dystocia and its relationship with maternal factors and fetal parameters.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 7148 files of pregnant mothers referring to the maternity ward of Ali Ibn-e Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan in 2015-2019. Necessary information such as maternal age, gestational age, sex of the newborn, birth weight and height, and having or not having of shoulder dystocia were extracted from the files of women in the hospital archive and were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

In this study, the files of 7148 pregnant women who had normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in Ali Ibn-e Abitaleb Hospital during 2015-2019 were evaluated. Among the, 64 newborns had shoulder dystocia and the frequency of shoulder dystocia was 0.89%. Moreover, 44 (66%) of women were over 30 years old and 39 (59%) of newborns were male. Also, 56 (87.5%) of infants weighed more than 4000 g and 15 (23%) of mothers had diabetes.

The frequency of shoulder dystocia was 0.89% and maternal age, fetal weight and gender are risk factors for shoulder dystocia. Considering these risk factors, timely cesarean section can prevent maternal and neonatal complications due to dystocia.

The aim of this study was to Investigating the interactive effect of a plyometric training course with gensing consumption on the physiological profile of adolescent soccer players. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study includes all male football players aged 15 to 18 years in Shiraz. From among the applicants, 48 ​​people were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1: Plyometric training, 2: Gensing supplementation, 3: Plyometric training with gensing supplementation and 4: control. Groups 1 and 3 were subjected to an intense periodic program and for 4 weeks, 3 sessions of plyometric training were performed every week and groups 2 and 3 were given gensing supplementation. Gensing supplement was prepared as a solution in water and each meal in a package contained 2,5 grams of gensing. The ginseng supplement group consumed one meal every day at 8 and 20 o’clock and the gensing supplement and exercise group was asked to take one meal. Take 1 hour before exercise and one meal 10 minutes after exercise. From Cooper’s 12-minute test to assess aerobic performance, jump sergeant to assess anaerobic power, to measure speed from 40-yard (36 meters) double-speed test Athletes’ agility was also measured using the Illinois Agility Test. Descriptive statistics (mean standard deviation) were also used to describe the data and multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the means of the groups. Significance level in all evaluations was considered P <0.05 and the data were analyzed by SPSS20 software. The results showed that a period of plyometric exercises with gensing consumption had a significant effect on the physiological profile of football players.

In recently, several studies have been conducted to use meshless methods according to their advantages to investigate fracture mechanical problems. The utilization of meshless methods in fracture mechanics because of using continuous shape functions requires modification of the shape function near the discontinuity surface. In this paper, the discrete least squares Meshless method (DLSM) is used as truly meshless methods for solving the crack problems, by using discontinuities definition techniques. In the discrete least squares method, the problem domain discretization is performed by unrelated node points, for approximate the functions, used moving least squares shape function with high order of continuity. It also used the strong form of equations for discretizated the equations. The DLSM method is based on minimizing the squares of the residuals at a number of neighboring points of the main node. The boundary conditions are easily enforced by the penalty method. The visibility criterion, diffraction and transparency method are used to define the discontinuity. The performance of all three techniques is the same on the crack surfaces except near the crack tip. The efficiency and accuracy of applying each technique in the DLSM method are investigated by comparing the results of example modeling. Comparison of the results and the error rate of each technique indicate the high capability and accuracy of the proposed method for applying different techniques in cracked plate modeling. It has been shown that the diffraction method performs relatively better in dealing of discontinuous boundaries compared to the transparency and visibility criterion techniques.

The issue of special needs patients and their support and the importance of the quality of insurance services provided to these patients is one of the components that has attracted the attention of many communities in recent years. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the quality of insurance services and the quality of life of these patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. Two-hundred sixty-two specific need patients in 6 groups of diseases (malignancies, dialysis, hemophilia, kidney transplantation, MS and thalassemia) and covered by health insurance of the Armed Forces were enrolled by census method. The assessment tools included a researcher-made questionnaire on the quality of insurance services with 5 dimensions (financial protection, insurance coverage, support package, accountability, process and administrative services) and the standard questionnaire SF36. Quantitative data analysis was performed using a structural equation model based on the partial least squares approach with Smart-PLS3 software.

The results showed that the quality of insurance services had a significant positive relationship with patientschr('39') quality of life (β=0.23, p<0.001). Other results showed that the financial protection factor had the most significant effect on the physical quality of life (p<0.001) and insurance coverage had a significant positive effect on both physical and mental quality of life (p<0.001).

Patients who have good health insurance services will also enjoy a good quality of life and hope to improve and continue to live longer than others.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate the relationship between government ownership, financial financing constraints, fraudulent financial reporting and the performance of companies listed on the stock exchange. For this purpose, the information of 150 companies during the years 2011 to 2019 has been examined. Multivariate integrated regression (OLS and logit) was used to test the hypotheses. Financing constraints are measured through the KZ index, and the earnings management criterion (optional accruals from Jones' modified model) is used to measure fraudulent financial reporting. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between government ownership and financing constraints as well as between financing constraints and performance. Fraudulent financial reporting also moderates the relationship between government ownership and funding constraints. On the other hand, the fourth hypothesis of the research on the moderating role of fraudulent financial reporting has not confirmed the relationship between financing constraints and performance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the effect of earnings forecast error on the feeling tendencies of investors of listed companies. For this purpose, the information of 150 companies during the years 2011 to 2019 has been examined. Multivariate integrated regression (OLS) was used to test the hypotheses. Investors' feeling inclinations were measured by the Bando Padiha and Jones (2005) index, and the Cheng and Firth criterion (2000) was used to measure the profit forecast error. The present study is descriptive and the findings indicate that Profit forecast error has a significant effect on investors' feeling inclinations.

Given the advancements in information and communication technologies, many tourists prefer to collect tourism destination information through electronic word-of-mouth communications. This paper aimed to present a model for investigating the effect of online word-of-mouth communications on travel intention. The statistical population of this study included inbound tourists who traveled to Tehran in September 2016. A sample of 200 tourists was selected conveniently. To collect data, a researcher-developed questionnaire (including 24 questions) was used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were examined and confirmed. Findings showed that online word-of-mouth communications affected tourism destination image and that tourism destination image significantly affected both the trust in tourism destination and the intention to travel. The trust in tourism destination significantly affected the travel intention for the destination. Also, online word-of-mouth communications had significant effects on the trust in tourism destination and the travel intention directly and indirectly

Mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq) is an evergreen bush which is considered as a
semi-parasitic plant of Ilam forests and show off in late autumn and winter in the northern forest of Ilam. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mistletoe on some Quantitative characteristics and nutrient uptake in oak forests (Quercus brantii L.) of Bankol in Ilam Province. For this study, selecting the study area, then sampling was carried out with selected method on infected trees with mistletoe, that way 32 sampling plots with 1000 m2 area were selection (In the areas that there were some of infected trees with mistletoe) and relationship of infection intensity with to diameter at breast, height, canopy and trees location were studied. Also, sample of leaves were collected from healthy and infected branches of infected trees and branches of healthy trees (in equal condition of morphologic, diameter at breast, height and canopy of trees). Then concentration at N, P, K, and Zn at foliage were measured. Results show that most of infected trees were in middle diameter and canopy classes and also in high trees. The results of the assessment of disease severity with BVR method show that most of the contamination were in the upper crown. In terms of potassium element, infected branches contain more potassium. Nitrogen decreased in infected branches compared to healthy ones. Other elements didn’t show a significant difference.

The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive failures and coping strategies with stress in patients with Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and Comorbidity. By Applying post-hoc comparative research method and A sample of 143 participants (50 patients MDD, 43 patients GAD, and 50 patients COM) selected. In order to collect research data these instruments were used: Depression‚ Anxiety‚ Stress Scale, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS). The data were analyzed by using statistical methods (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test).The results showed that cognitive failure and its subscales (memory, distractibility and blunder) were more prevalent among COM than MDD and GAD groups. There were no significant differences between total cognitive failure and its subscales among MDD and GAD groups. Also, regarding The Names subscale no difference among three groups was found. The COM group obtained higher scores in other subscales compare to the MDD and GAD and utilizing more emotional oriented coping strategies. There was no difference between major depression and generalized anxiety groups regarding utilization of emotional oriented coping strategies and no difference among three groups in using task-oriented coping strategy. Regarding the differences in subscales and emotional oriented coping strategy among groups, developing a suitable program for clinical intervention may be suggested.

Educational spaces are considered as the most important urban areas. Determining the optimal establishment of schools in urban areas is one of the duties of urban planners. In the recent years، increasing urbanization caused poor arrangement of educational spaces، so that urban population has difficulties in accessing to the education. In spite of the important role of educational spaces in the quality of education and their great effects on applying educational programs، little attention was paid to location and organization of educational spaces in Iran، like the most of the developing countries. In fact، population areas are spatially resulted from natural، social، economic and physical relations، which are organized in the natural environment، and social and economic activities with interactions between human beings and the environment. If the service centers، especially educational centers، are located properly، this correlation will be higher. To establish appropriate and reasonable educational facilities، efficient use of scientific and sufficient methods would be necessary. The reason for this is that use of precise quantitative tools makes it possible to evaluate more precisely the establishment of schools being studied in this research. The examination about how female schools are established in the second educational region of Zanjan was conducted by a combined model taking into account outdoor spaces and classrooms per capita، accessibility، building date and traffic safety. Therefore، this is an applied research with descriptive-analytical method. Statistical population is whole population and the students in the scope of the second educational region of Zanjan city، separated by the areas and blocks. In the present research، the sample is the very same statistical population. The research method is descriptive – analytical and necessary data for the research were gathered through detailed library studies، documents، observation، questionnaire، and field works. The status of physical، economic، social and administrative domains was also studied. The objective of the present paper is to analyze educational locations in secondary schools of the second educational region in Zanjan city and to evaluate the current situation of educational spaces. Furthermore، it is tried to develop an optimal model in order to establish educational spaces properly and to increase efficiency and convenience of their utilization in the spatial levels. The results of the study revealed that current location of most of the studied schools do not meet standards for educational facilities. Various factors should be considered in proper establishment of the schools. Some of the schools are fixed and others are variable، that is، some of them may change over time and others remain unchanged. Most of the schools established in the center of city have higher age and many of them were constructed with materials of low resistance. These schools are among the places with lower range of outdoor and classroom per capita relative to common standards. Moreover، they often are located in crowded and dangerous places for the students. The most incompatibility is related to the schools located on the crowded streets resulting in several problems such as noise and air pollution and crashes occurring to the students by passing vehicles. According to the distribution of educational spaces in female secondary schools، it was noticed that most schools are not distributed according to the requirements of student population and cannot meet the real needs of the studied school. There is no female secondary school in the east and north-east part of the second educational region of Zanjan. The results of weighting of final matrix showed that the whole rate of minimum accessibility (0. 1635) in relation to the highest rate (0. 7942) is in very high level. This shows the superiority and dominance of the potential weaknesses compared with the capabilities. This indicated that the existing capacities were not used properly to overcome the weaknesses. The greatest difficulties in educational areas are related not only to the buildings and non-standard areas but also to their location and inconvenience in the student access to the educational spaces. These findings suggest the superiority and dominance of the weaknesses in comparison with the capacities of the studied schools. Moreover، the final weighting matrix showed that six schools out of the 12 ones received the lowest rates of accessibilities. Due to the factors affecting the construction of the educational buildings، it is proposed that we should not consider simply one factor in construction of educational space. For example، the number of students or depreciation of the space or the year of its construction، all should be considered and all aspects should be evaluated systematically to build a school. Some existing educational spaces have some problems such as their inappropriate location in incompatible land use، particularly those with high traffic routes; lack of the possibility to change the use of adjacent spaces; and impossibility to move educational units from the existing educational facilities to other convenient location. Therefore، the simplest، most cost-effective and practical solutions to solve the mentioned problems are use of double-glazed windows; planting dense trees to reduce noise pollution; construction of appropriate area، building proper entrances and good views، and so on. If there are necessary facilities and budget، then the reasonable method will be used to change incompatible land use in educational neighborhood areas or to transfer the educational units to a proper place. It is difficult to alter the adjacent inappropriate educational environments. Dealing with land uses on the rivers and crowded streets would be appropriate to adopt such measures as change in the location and the entrance and exit direction of doors in educational areas. These measures can avoid direct contact of students with the main streets، roads، intersections and squares.

Now that various languages impact people’s life and communications with each other, translation of the Holy Quran is of great significance since the public need to be informed about the guidance objectives of this holy book. However, to create an accurate and expressive work of translation, every translator needs to have the required translation skills as well as knowledge of different fields of study. Meanwhile, there are some requirements and scientific principles for translation of which a translator needs to be aware. The most important of these requirements are: etymology of words, recognition of the key words, understanding the revelation culture and ethnic linguistics, the role of texture in translation, changes in the meanings of words and knowledge of syntax and rhetoric.